Qualitative Research

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5.7.1 Qualitative Research

5.7.1.1 Focus Group Interviews

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Descriptive validity: 7KH UHFRUGLQJ RI LQWHUYLHZV DQG WUDQVFULSWLRQ RI UHFRUGLQJV KHOSHG WR HQVXUH GHVFULSWLYH YDOLGLW\ 7KH ZULWWHQ UHFRUGV ZHUH VXSSOHPHQWHGZLWKREVHUYDWLRQVRILQWHUDFWLRQVIURPQRWHV7KHUHZDVDULVN RI RPLWWLQJ SRLQWV WKDW ZHUH HVVHQWLDO IRU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH LQWHUYLHZV 0D[ZHOO$QDO\VHVRILQWHUDFWLRQVLQWKHLQWHUYLHZVDOVRLQFOXGHGWKH JURXSV¶SRVVLEOHFRQIRUPLW\DQGFRQFHLYDEO\IDOVHFRQVHQVXVHV$FFXUDF\LQ WKH UHFRUGV RI ZKDW ZDV VDLG DQG GRQH ZDV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH GHVFULSWLYH YDOLGLW\-RKQVRQ

Interpretive validity:5HVHDUFKHUELDVWKHULVNRIDOORZLQJSHUVRQDOYLHZVDQG SHUVSHFWLYHV WR DIIHFW GDWD FROOHFWLRQ DQG LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ WKURXJK VHOHFWLYH REVHUYDWLRQVDQGVHOHFWLYHUHFRUGLQJRILQIRUPDWLRQ-RKQVRQ0D[ZHOO ZDV UHOHYDQW WR WKLV UHVHDUFK EHFDXVH RI P\ IRUPHU H[SHULHQFH DV D PDQDJHURIDWRXULVWRUJDQL]DWLRQZLWKUHJXODUFRQWDFWZLWKGLUHFWRUV,VKRXOG QRW LQIOXHQFH WKH UHVSRQGHQWV LQ WKH VHQVH RI DVNLQJ OHDGLQJ TXHVWLRQV RU H[SUHVVLQJ TXHVWLRQV DQG FRPPHQWV LQ OHDGLQJ ZD\V VXFK DV EULQJLQJ P\

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Theoretical validity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

5.7.1.2 Case Study

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Internal validity: ,QWHUQDO YDOLGLW\ UHIHUV WR WKH FDVXDO UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ YDULDEOHVDQGUHVXOWV*LEEHUWHWDO³WKHLVVXHLVZKHWKHUWKHUHVHDUFKHU SURYLGHVDSODXVLEOHFDXVDODUJXPHQWORJLFDOUHDVRQLQJWKDWLVSRZHUIXODQG FRPSHOOLQJHQRXJKWRGHIHQGWKHUHVHDUFKFRQFOXVLRQV´S$FFRUGLQJ WR *LEEHUW HW DO D FOHDU UHVHDUFK IUDPHZRUN SDWWHUQ PDWFKLQJ DQG WKHRU\ WULDQJXODWLRQ FDQ HQKDQFH WKH LQWHUQDO YDOLGLW\ RI FDVH VWXGLHV ,Q DOO WKHVH DUHDV LPSURYHPHQWV FRXOG KDYH EHHQ PDGH WR UDLVH WKH FDVH VWXG\

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Construct validity: $FFRUGLQJ WR *LEEHUW HW DO FRQVWUXFW YDOLGLW\ LQ TXDOLWDWLYHUHVHDUFKUHIHUVWRWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKDVWXG\LQYHVWLJDWHVZKDWLW FODLPV WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH FRQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQ RU RSHUDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ RI UHOHYDQW FRQFHSWV ³3RZHU´ DQG ³SXEOLF VHFWRU´ DUH NH\ FRQFHSWV LQ 3DSHU ,9 FRQFHSWXDOL]HGZLWKLQWKHFRUSRUDWHJRYHUQDQFHIUDPHDVIROORZV

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External validity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