Appendix 1 – Overview of the sample for interviews.
Families Children: age and gender Interview nr. and interviewee Family 1 6 year old girl Interview nr. 1 - grandfather
Interview nr. 2 - grandfather
Interview nr. 3 - grandmother and grandfather Family 2 3 year old girl Interview nr. 1 - mother
9 year old girl Interview nr. 2 - grandmother Interview nr. 3 - mother Family 3 4 year old girl Interview nr. 1 - grandmother
Interview nr. 2 - grandmother Family 4 3 year old boy Interview nr. 1 - grandmother 1.
9 year old boy Interview nr. 2 - grandmother 2.
Interview nr. 3 - grandmother 1.
Family 5 7 year old girl Interview nr. 1 - grandfather Interview nr. 2 - grandfather Interview nr. 3 - father Family 6 3 year old boy Interview nr. 1 - grandmother
Interview nr. 2 - mother Interview nr. 3 - mother Family 7 4 year old boy Interview nr. 1 - grandmother
Interview nr. 2 - mother Family 8 5 year old boy Interview nr. 1 - father
9 year old girl Interview nr. 2 - father Interview nr. 3 - father
Interview nr. 4 - mother and father Interview nr. 5 - grandfather
Family 9 6 year old girl Interview nr. 1 - grandfather, mother 8 year old girl Interview nr. 2 - grandmother
Interview nr. 3 – grandfather, mother
School in Lamjung School in Lalitpur
Teacher 1 woman 1 interview Group interview class 1 teachers, 2 women Teacher 2 man 1 interview Group interview class 2 teachers, 2 women Teacher 3 woman 2 interviews Group interview class 3 teachers, 3 women Teacher 4 man 3 interviews Group interview class 4 teachers, 2 women Teacher 5 man 1 interview Teacher class 5 woman 1 interview Teacher 6 man 2 interviews Vice principal woman 1 interview Principal man 3 interviews
Kindergarten/School in Bhaktapur Kindergarten in Kathmandu Teacher 1 woman 1 interview Teacher 1 woman 1 interview Teacher 2 woman 1 interview Teacher 2 woman 1 interview Teacher 3 woman 1 interview Teacher 3 man 1 interview Teacher 4 woman 1 interview Principal woman 1 interview Principal man 1 interview
Other interviews
Vice principal kindergarten/school Bhaktapur – group interview Principal kindergarten Kathmandu
Principal kindergarten Godavari
Curriculum specialist 1 1 interview Curriculum specialist 2 1 interview Teacher´s trainer 1 interview Preschool teacher´s trainer 2 interviews Government resource person 1 interview
Appendix 2 – Overview of the sample for observations.
Place Kind of observation
School in Lamjung Observations of science and social studies classes from pre-primary – class 3 over a period of 3 weeks.
School in Lalitpur Observations of science and social studies classes from pre-primary – class 5 over a period of 1 week.
Kindergarten/school in Bhaktapur Observations in age groups 4-5 years, observation of science class in class 2. Observed full-day field trip for kindergarten and class 2. All observations over a period of 1 week.
Kindergarten in Kathmandu Observation in age groups 3-5 years over a period of 1 week.
Appendix 3 – Interview guide.
First: explain the purpose and ethical concerns of the research, and get informed consent.
Present the sub research questions and check that the interviewees have understood the topic.
1. Which environmental narratives are told to the children, and how do these narratives explain the relationship between society and nature (storyline, actors, and metaphors)?
2. How is “a healthy environment”/the preferred state of surrounding nature described, and what human attitudes and practices support a “healthy environment”?
3. How do the narratives from formal and informal education differ in ontological understandings of society-nature relations?
4. What are the benefits and challenges from integrating parents’ local environmental knowledge in the visited kindergartens and schools?
Encourage the interviewees to speak freely, adjust probing questions to make the conversation flow.
Speak freely about their own relation to nature, and how the children are involved.
Explore sub research question 2 - How is “a healthy environment”/the preferred state of surrounding nature described, and what human attitudes and practices support a “healthy
- how was your relation to nature as a child?
- how did parents/school teach you about the environment?
- how is your relation to nature today?
- tell me about your daily life and the child´s relation to nature.
- what is “a healthy environment”/the preferred state of surrounding nature?
- what attitudes and practices support such a
“healthy environment”?
environment”?
Stage 2.
Get more into detail about the interviewees’ experiences.
Explore how they pass on environmental knowledge to the children.
Explore sub research question 1 – Which environmental narratives are told to the children, and how do these narratives explain the relationship between society and nature (storyline, actors, and metaphors)?
- what practical chores do the children do at the farm?
- what should the children know about the environment?
- how do the family speak with the children about the environment?
- what kind of stories about the environment do they tell the children?
Stage 3 –
Encourage the participants to reflect more in depth.
Explore sub research questions:
3. How do the narratives from formal and informal education differ in ontological understandings of society-nature relations?
4. What are the benefits and
challenges from integrating parents’
local environmental knowledge in the visited kindergartens and schools?
- how do the teachings from school and home differ?
- do they represent different beliefs / worldviews?
- how is parents’ knowledge included in the school’s teachings?
- are there challenges to integrate parents’
environmental knowledge in schools?
- are there benefits from integrating parents’
environmental knowledge in schools?
Interview guide for educators
Explore sub research question 2 - How is “a healthy environment”/the
- how did parents/school teach you about the environment?
- how is your relation to nature today?
- tell me about how environmental knowledge is included in the curriculum.
- what should children learn about nature at school?
- what is “a healthy environment”/the preferred state of surrounding nature?
- what attitudes and practices support such a
“healthy environment”?
Stage 2
Get more into detail about the interviewees’ experiences.
Explore how they pass on environmental knowledge to the children.
Explore sub research question 1 – Which environmental narratives are told to the children, and how do these narratives explain the relationship between society and nature (storyline, actors, and metaphors)?
- how do you teach about the environment in your class?
- how do you speak with the children about the environment?
- what kind of stories about the environment do you tell the children?
Stage 3 –
Encourage the participants to reflect more in depth.
Explore sub research questions:
3. How do the narratives from formal and informal education differ in ontological understandings of society-nature relations?
4. What are the benefits and
challenges from integrating parents’
local environmental knowledge in the visited kindergartens and schools?
- how do the teachings from school and home differ?
- do they represent different beliefs / worldviews?
- how is parents’ knowledge included in the school’s teachings?
- are there challenges to integrate parents’
environmental knowledge in schools?
- are there benefits from integrating parents’
environmental knowledge in schools?
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