Hvordan beskrive den totale miljøpåvirkningen fra gjenvinning av masser – mulige metoder

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HVORDAN BESKRIVE DEN TOTALE

MILJØPÅVIRKNINGEN FRA GJENVINNING AV MASSER – MULIGE METODER

DOK.NR. 20160794-11-R REV.NR. 0 / 2019-12-17

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Prosjekttittel: GEOreCIRC

Dokumenttittel: Hvordan beskrive den totale miljøpåvirkningen fra gjenvinning av masser – mulige metoder

Dokumentnr.: 20160794-11-R

Dato: 2019-12-17

Rev.nr. / Rev.dato: 0 /

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Oppdragsgiver: NGI

Kontaktperson: James Strout Kontraktreferanse: SP10

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Prosjektleder: Gudny Okkenhaug Utarbeidet av: Ingvild Størdal Kontrollert av: Marianne Kvennås

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1 Introduksjon 6

1.1 Hensikt med rapporten 7

2 Bærekraft 7

3 Verktøy og metoder som vurderer miljøeffekter 9

3.1 Livsløpsanalyser – LCA 10

3.2 Nytte-kostnadsanalyse 11

3.3 Multi-kriterie beslutningsverktøy 16

4 Hvordan kvantifisere den totale miljøbelastningen fra ulike alternativer for gjenvinning

av masser 18

4.1 Avgrensning av vurdering: System, tid og rom 19

4.2 Økonomiske forhold 19

4.3 Globalt miljø 19

4.4 Lokalt miljø 19

5 Case-studier fra GEOreCIRC 20

6 Konklusjon 23

7 Referanser 24

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Vedlegg A Inngangsdata for bærekraftsvurdering - case

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Figur 1 Skisse som viser de tre områdene som inkluderes i en vurdering av bærekraft og hvordan disse potensielt kan stå i konflikt med hverandre. Figuren er hentet fra Campbell, 2013.

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Tabell 1 Begrep knyttet til vurdering av bærekraft av gjenvinning av overskuddsmasser fra bygg og anleggsprosjekter.

Uttrykk Forkort. Forklaring Bærekraftig

utvikling

- Utvikling som imøtekommer behovene til dagens generasjon uten å redusere mulighetene for kommende generasjoner til å dekke sine behov.

Bærekraftsvurdering av gjenvinning av overskuddsmasser

- En bærekraftsvurdering av gjenvinning av overskudds- masser kartlegger og kvantifiserer alle prosesser av betydning som kan påvirke lokalt og globalt miljø. Ideelt bør påvirkningen på lokalt miljø og globalt miljø både kunne sammenlignes mot hverandre, og summeres og sammenlignes med kostnaden ved prosjektet.

Livsløpsanalyse LCA (Eng. Life cycle Analyses)

Systematisk analyse for å vurdere miljøbelastningen av et produkt. Det finnes ulike verktøy som beskriver ulike situasjoner, for eksempel er det utviklet flere verktøy som spesifikt vurderer konsekvensen av bygging av vei.

Resultatet fra en LCA oppgis som oftest i tonn CO2 eller i CO2-ekvivalenter.

Nytte-kost vurdering CBA (Eng. Cost Benefit Analyses)

En nytte-kostnadsanalyse er en samfunnsøkonomisk analyse som hovedsakelig brukes til å beskrive konse- kvensen på miljø, sosiale forhold og økonomiske tiltak.

Det er et krav om at samfunnsøkonomisk analyse skal gjennomføres før store offentlige prosjekter startes opp.

Til nytte-kostnadsanalyser må alle påvirkninger oppgis til en kroneverdi, dette gjelder for eksempel naturressurser og økosystemtjenester. Det er derfor utviklet metoder for å verdisette slike miljøgoder.

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Figur 2 EPD som viser miljøpåvirkning som CO2-ekvivalenter for produksjon av pukk ved Folbergåsen pukkverk.

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Figur 3 Flytdiagram som viser stegene i en samfunnsøkonomisk analyse utført etter Direktoratet for økonomi sin Veileder i samfunnsøkonomisk analyse (DØF, 2018). Figuren er hentet fra DØF, 2018.

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Figur 4 Statens Vegvesens metode for vurdering av virkning av tiltak. Figuren er hentet fra Vegdirektoratet, 2018.

Figur 5 Figuren viser hvordan Statens Vegvesen sammenstiller vurderingen av prissatte og ikke-

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Tabell 2 Klassifisering av metoder for verdsetting av miljøgoder basert på individuelle preferanser. Tabellen er hentet fra Navrud (2016).

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Figur 6 SIT (Sustainable Index for Trenches) er en multi-kriterie metode som er utviklet for å vurdere den totale miljøeffekten av ulike alternativer for igjenfylling av smale grøfter som graves i forbindelse med etablering eller reparasjon av rør og kabler i grunn. Figuren er hentet fra Casanovas-Rubio m. fl., 2019.

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Figur 7 SCORE (Sustainable Choice of REmediation) er en multi-kriterie metode som er utviklet for å vurdere den totale miljøeffekten av tiltak med opprydning i forurenset grunn. Figuren er hentet fra Rosén m. fl., 2015.

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Tabell 3 Verdier for vurdering av total miljøpåvirkning fra ulike alternativer for et tiltak med gjenvinning av forurenset jord i en støyvoll. P/M = pluss/minus-metoden, LCA = livsløpsanalyse, NOK = Norske kroner.

Parameter Enhet 0-alt. Alt. A Alt. B

Økonomiske forhold

Total kostnad for alternativet

NOK 128 785 000 30 200 000 30 285 000 Globalt miljø

Utgraving av masser kg CO2 ekv. 122 520 122 520 122 520 Transport til deponi kg CO2 ekv.2 1 479 315 i.a. i.a.

Produksjon av jomfruelige masser

kg CO2 ekv. 4 444 200 i.a. i.a.

Transport av masser til område der støyvoll skal bygges

kg CO2 ekv. 295 863 98 621 98 621

Komprimering av masser

kg CO2 ekv. i.a. i.a. 270

Lokalt miljø

Bruk av naturareal til produksjon av jomfruelig masser

CO2 13 032 i.a. i.a.

Utlekking av forurensning

Pluss/minus i.a. -

(noe miljøskade)

-

(noe miljøskade) Total sum (kg CO2 og

kostnader)

NOK 130 310 183 30 253 074 30 338 139

Rangering kostnader 3 1 2

Rangering ikke-prissatte 1 2 eller 3 2 eller 3

Figur 8 Oppsummering av vurdering som er gjort for gjenbruk av lett forurensede masser i støyvoll.

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Enhet Antall Enhet Enhetspris Sum Informasjonskilde

Økonomiske forhold

Utgraving lett forurensede masser ved Vollebekk Timer 2 000 NOK/time 850 1 700 000 Entreprenør Sætren

Transport av lett forurensede masser fra Vollebekk til deponi Lastebillass 10 000 NOK/lass 2850 28 500 000 Entreprenør Sætren Transport av lett forurensede masser fra Vollebekk til Veitvet Lastebillass 10 000 NOK/lass 2850 28 500 000 Entreprenør Sætren

Deponering av lett forurensede masser på Asak massemottak Tonn 200 000 NOK/tonn 250 50 000 000 Estimert

Innkjøp av jomfruelige masser fra Bondkall Franzfoss m³ 200 000 NOK/m³ 100 20 000 000 Estimert

Transport av jomfruelige masser fra Bondkall til Veitveit Lastebillass 10 000 NOK/lass 2850 28 500 000 Entreprenør Sætren Bearbeiding av lett forurensede masser/jomfruelige masser til støyvoll Timer 100 NOK/time 850 85 000 Entreprenør Sætren

Total kostnad for alternativet 128 785 000 -

Globalt miljø/utslipp av CO₂

Utgraving av forurensede masser ved Vollebekk kg CO₂ ekv. 122 520 NOK/CO2 0,24 29 405 VegLCA, E259

Transport av forurensede masser fra Vollebekk til deponi kg CO₂ ekv. 1 479 315 NOK/CO2 0,24 355 036 VegLCA, E120 + M12 Transport av forurensede masser fra Vollebekk til Veitvet kg CO₂ ekv. 98 621 NOK/CO2 0,24 23 669 VegLCA, E120 + M12

Produksjon av jomfruelige masser på Bondkall Franzefoss kg CO₂ ekv. ? NOK/CO₂ 0,24

Transport av jomfruelige masser til Grevlingveien kg CO₂ ekv. 295 863 NOK/CO2 0,24 71 007 VegLCA, E120 + M12

Bearbeding av jomfruelige masser til bruk i støyvoll i Grevlingveien kg CO₂ ekv. 270 NOK/CO2 0,24 65 VegLCA, E94 Bearbeiding av lett forurensede masser til bruk i støyvoll i Grevlingveien kg CO2 ekv. 270 NOK/CO2 0,24 65 VegLCA, E94

Total utslipp av CO₂ Sum kg CO₂ ekv. 1 996 859 Sum NOK 479 246

Lokalt miljø

Forbruk av naturareal til produksjon av stein på Bondkall Franzefoss kg CO₂ ekv. 13 032 CO₂ 0,24 3 128 VegLCA, E94

Utlekking av forurensning fra lett forurensede masser i støyvoll ved Grevlingveien - Pluss/minus SVV, 2018

Figur 1 Vurdering av verdi til bekken som vil mota forurensning som dreneres fra lett forurensede masser som legges i støyvoll. Figuren er modifisert fra Statens Vegvesen, 2018.

Figur 2 Vurdering av påvirkning på bekken som vil mota forurensning som dreneres fra lett forurensede masser som legges i støyvoll. Figuren er modifisert fra Statens Vegvesen, 2018.

Figur 3 Samlet konsekvens av påvirkning på bekken som vil mota forurensning som dreneres fra lett forurensede masser som legges i støyvoll. Figuren er modifisert fra Statens Vegvesen, 2018.

Tabell 2 Beskrivelse av konsekvensgrad. Tabellen er hentet fra Statens Vegvesen, 2018.

-16, 043 n/e, rev.03

Dokumentinformasjon/Document information Dokumenttittel/Document title

Hvordan beskrive den totale miljøpåvirkningen fra gjenvinning av masser – mulige metoder

Dokumentnr./Document no.

20160794-11-R Dokumenttype/Type of document

Rapport / Report Oppdragsgiver/Client

NGI Dato/Date

2019-12-17

Rettigheter til dokumentet iht kontrakt/ Proprietary rights to the document according to contract

NGI

Rev.nr.&dato/Rev.no.&date 0

Distribusjon/Distribution

ÅPEN: Skal tilgjengeliggjøres i åpent arkiv (BRAGE) / OPEN: To be published in open archives (BRAGE)

Emneord/Keywords

Bærekraft, total miljøbelastning, gjenbruk, overskuddsmasser

Stedfesting/Geographical information Land, fylke/Country

Norge, Oslo Havområde/Offshore area

Kommune/Municipality

Oslo Feltnavn/Field name

Sted/Location

Ullevål Sted/Location

Kartblad/Map Felt, blokknr./Field, Block No.

UTM-koordinater/UTM-coordinates

Sone: Øst: Nord: Koordinater/Coordinates

Projeksjon, datum: Øst: Nord:

Dokumentkontroll/Document control

Kvalitetssikring i henhold til/Quality assurance according to NS-EN ISO9001 Rev/

Rev. Revisjonsgrunnlag/Reason for revision

Egenkontroll Self review by: av/

Sidemanns- kontroll av/

Colleague review by:

Uavhengig kontroll av/

Independent review by:

Tverrfaglig kontroll av/

Inter- disciplinary

review by:

0 Originaldokument 2019-12-02

Ingvild Størdal 2019-12-11

Marianne Kvennås

Dokument godkjent for utsendelse/ Dato/Date Prosjektleder/Project Manager

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