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Abstract
Background
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Conclusions
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Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 General aspects of Parkinson’s disease
1.1.1 History
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1.1.2 Epidemiology
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1.1.3 Etiology
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1.1.5 Clinical symptoms
1.1.5.1 Motor symptoms
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1.1.5.2 Non-motor symptoms
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Table 1. The non-motor symptom complex of Parkinson’s disease 1HXURSV\FKLDWULFG\VIXQFWLRQ
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1.1.6 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis
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1.1.7 Treatment of motor symptoms
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1.1.7.1 Drug treatment
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1.1.7.2 Surgical treatment
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1.1.7.3 Therapies
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Introduction
1.1.8 Clinical course and prognosis
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Falls in the general population
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2.1 Definition and classifications
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2.2 Occurrence, risk factors and consequences
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2.3 Prevention
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Falls in Parkinson’s disease
3 Falls in Parkinson’s disease
3.1 Epidemiology
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Falls in Parkinson’s disease
Figure 1. Seventeen prospective studies of falling showing percentage of patients falling according to study duration. Dot sizes correspond to number of patients with PD (range 40-205).
Falls in Parkinson’s disease
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Falls in Parkinson’s disease
Figure 2. Three incident PD cohort studies reporting falls. Dot sizes correspond to number of participants (range 30-171).
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b“The falls were recalled since the last visit and were recorded as having occurred by the time of the visit
they were then attending. We did not give patients diaries to fill out. The falls information was collected prospectively as part of the questioning about mobility in activities of daily living. Falls refers to hitting the ground, not merely overbalancing and saving oneself. The information collected was often from both an attending carer and the patient. As many were becoming frail, I think in all or nearly all cases they were with their carer who also helped answer questions.” 0DULHVH+HO\SHUVRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
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Falls in Parkinson’s disease
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Falls in Parkinson’s disease
3.5 Physiotherapy interventions targeted to prevent falls
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Aims of the study
4 Aims of the study
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Methods
5 Methods
5.1 Participants and study design
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5.1.1 The Stavanger Parkinson project
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5.1.2 The Norwegian ParkWest study
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Methods
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5.1.3 Overview of patients and controls
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Methods
5.2 Clinical assessments
5.2.1 Clinical diagnostic PD criteria
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Table 2. Diagnostic classification according to Larsen and colleagues
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Methods
Table 3. Gelb grouping of clinical features according to diagnostic utility Group AIHDWXUHVFKDUDFWHULVWLFRI3'
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Table 4. Proposed diagnostic Gelb criteria for PD
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Methods
Table 5. UK Brain Bank criteria for the diagnosis of PD Step 1. Diagnosis of a parkinsonian syndrome
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Step 2. Exclusion criteria for PD
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Step 3. Supportive criteria for PD
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5.2.2 Assessment of falls
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Methods
Table 6. Classification of falls
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5.2.3 Assessment of motor symptoms
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