RRS James Clark Ross (JR210) 23 July to 21 August 2008

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Oceans 2025 Arctic Cruise Report

ICE CHASER

(Changing Sea-ice and Ecosystem Response)

RRS James Clark Ross (JR210) 23 July to 21 August 2008

Raymond J. G. Leakey

Principle Scientist

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1 CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDMENTS 2

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL 3

SHIPS PERSONNEL 4

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES 5

SUMMARY ITINERARY AND MAPS 5

NARRATIVE 8

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS LOG 13

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Physics, CTDs and moorings 20

Slope mixing instrument deployment 35

Inorganic nutrients and dissolved oxygen 44

Particulate and dissolved organic nutrient and pigment concentrations 50

Primary production, calcification, and the carbonate system 57

Light, phytoplankton characteristics and carbon and nitrogen dynamics 64

Viral Interactions and Bacterial Production 69

Pelagic microbial community composition, abundance and biomass 75

Picoplankton latitudinal distribution and spatial variability 83

Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria 93

Biogas production and associated microorganisms 95

Protozoan bacterivory 100

Protozoan herbivory 104

Pelagic microbial community grazing and growth 109

Zooplankton migration, lipids and biomarkers 112

Radiochemisty 117

Benthic landers and sediment geochemistry 120

Sediment sampling 126

Benthic biology 130

Multi-beam bathymetry 138

Acoustic doppler current profiler surveys (ADCP) 140

Echo sounder surveys (EK60) 146

Underway data 156

APPENDICES Scientific and technical personnel affiliation 162

Polar bear observations 163

ADCP command files 168

Matlab routines 174

Ships meterologial observations 183

Megacorer log sheets 186

CTD log sheets 195

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2 ACKNOWLEDMENTS

This research cruise could not have been undertaken without the efforts of a large number people located in several organisations within both the UK and abroad. I am grateful for the help and assistance of all those involved including: the Master Graham Chapman, officers and crew of the James Clarke Ross; the scientists and technical support staff of cruise JR210; Chris Hindley, Julia Fear and the staff of the British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge; the staff of National Marine Facilities, Southampton; the staff of the Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban.

I am also grateful to the UK Natural Environment Research Council for funding the research cruise via the Oceans2025 strategic marine research programme, and the Norwegian diplomatic authorities for granting permission to travel and work in Svalbard coastal and offshore waters.

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SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL

Person Responsibility

Ray Leakey PSO

Colin Griffiths Physics: CTD & moorings Estelle DuMont Physics: CTD & moorings John Kenny * Physics: slope mixing Terry Doyle * Physics: slope mixing Joe Collins * Physics: slope mixing

Emily LeFloc’h ** Biology: light & phytoplankton

Mike Lucas * Biology: primary production & calcification Anastasia Charalampopoulou Biology: primary production & calcification Eic Fouilland ** Biology: autotroph-heterotroph coupling Elanor Bell Biology: viruses and bacterial production Elaine Mitchell ** Biology: microbial community dynamics Andrea Veszelovszki Biology: microbial community dynamics Jane Manning Biology: microbial community dynamics Arlene Rowan Biology: microbiology and Hydrocarbons Mark Hart ** Biology: microbiology and Biogases Stig Falk-Petersen ** Biology: zooplankton distribution & lipids Anette Wold ** Biology: zooplankton distribution & lipids Mags Wallace Biology: zooplankton acoustics

Peter Lamont ** Biology: benthic fauna

Tim Brand Geochemistry: nutrients & radiochemistry Susan Fitzer Geochemistry: radiochemistry

Pauline Learmonth ** Geochemistry: radiochemistry Martyn Harvey Geochemistry: sediments Henrik Stahl Geochemistry: benthic landers Keith Jackson Geochemistry: benthic landers Kate McIntyre Geochemistry: bathymetry James Bendle Geochemistry: biomarkers Pete Lens Technical Support: IT

Mark Preston Technical Support: engineering

Julian Klepacki Technical Support: engineering trainee Laila Sadler Media: website

George Pagliero ** Media: video filming Susan Watts *** Media: BBC2 Newsnight Ming Tsang *** Media: BBC2 Newsnight

Petra Schmitt Doctor

* Leg 1 only (23 to 31 July 2008).

** Leg 2 only (31 July to 21 August 2008).

*** Leg 2 only (19 to 21 August 2008)

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4 SHIPS PERSONNEL

Person Responsibility

Graham P Chapman Master

Robert C Patterson Chief Officer

Douglas J Leask 2^nd Officer

Simon D Evans 3^rd Officer

John W Summers Deck Officer

Charles A Waddicor ETO (Comms)

David J Cutting Chief Engineer

Glynn Collard 2^nd Engineer

James C Ditchfield 3^rd Engineer

Steven J Eadie 4^th Engineer

Simon A Wright Deck Engineer

Nicholas J Dunbar ETO (Eng)

James S Gibson Purser

George M Stewart Bosun

Marc A Blaby Bosun’s Mate

Derek G Jenkins SG1

Lester Jolly SG1

Andrew C Campbell SG1

Ronald Pattie SG1

Clifford Mullaney SG1

Mark A Robinshaw MG1

Carl J Moore MG1

Keith A Walker Cook

Glen R Ballard 2nd Cook

Kenneth Weston Steward

James Newall Steward

Derek W Lee Steward

Brian Conteh Brian Conteh

Steward (23-31 July) SG1 (1-21 August)

Roy S Turney Steward (1-21 August only)

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5 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

This research cruise was undertaken as part of the UK Natural Environment Research Council Oceans2025 strategic marine strategic research programme. The cruise was organised and led by the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) as part of the SAMS Oceans2025 research topic “Arctic and Boreal Seas in a Rapidly Changing Climate”. It also supported research undertaken by the Proudman Oceanographic

Laboratory (POL) under the Oceans2025 research topic “Geodetic Oceanography, Polar Oceanography and Sea Level“. In addition research scientists participated in the cruise from several UK and international institutions including the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), the University of Montpellier (France), the UK National Oceanographic Centre (NOC) and the UK Universities of Glasgow, St Andrews and Swansea. The research vessel, officers, crew and ships technical support were provided by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS).

The overall scientific objective of research cruise was to improve understanding of how changing sea ice and water column structure influence Arctic ecosystem structure and function, and subsequent biologically derived carbon export. This was achieved by delivering novel and comprehensive observational and experimental data sets on

sympagic, pelagic and benthic biogeochemical parameters in Svalbard shelf waters during the Arctic summer. A comparative approach was adopted with multidisciplinary studies focused on stations in open waters, marginal ice zone and full ice covered environments.

Additional studies were conducted during transit from the UK to Svalbard.

SUMMARY ITINERARY AND MAPS

Sailed from Portland at mid-day on 23 July 2008.

Commenced science activities in English Channel at 07.50 on the 24 July 2008.

Arrived Longyearbyen, Svalbard on 31 July 2008.

Commenced science activities north of Longyearbyen at 04.50 on the 1 August 2008.

Concluded science activities in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard at 04.40 on 20 August 2008.

Docked and demobilised at Longyearbyen on morning of 21 August 2008.

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Map of JR210 Cruise (UK and Svalbard)

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Map of JR210 Cruise (Svalbard)

Numbers indicate order in which stations were visited

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8 NARRATIVE

(All times given in GMT) Tuesday 22 July

All science staff joined the James Clark Ross (JCR) to complete mobilisation in Portland Harbour dock. This included a visit by Susan Watts and Ming Tsang from the BBC to conduct pre-cruise interviews with Ray Leakey, Ellie Bell and Henrik Stahl for BBC2 Newsnight.

Wednesday 23 July

Mobilisation was completed in the morning. The JCR then sailed from Portland Harbour dock at 11.10. Stern thruster tests were conducted in Weymouth Bay in the afternoon then in early evening continued east into English Channel with calm seas and good visibility.

Sea temperature ~17^oC.

Thursday 24 July

First “shakedown” station in English Channel west of Dover at approximately 08.00 off Hastings, including CTD water collections for calcification studies. Continue east into North Sea in calm seas. Commence underway water sampling for microbial distribution and abundance at 19.00.

Friday 25 July

Arrive at the Southern North Sea station at approximately 05.00 for CTD and water collection. Continue north in calm seas. Life boat drill conducted at 15.00. White beaked dolphins spotted late afternoon. Pass first oil rig.

Saturday 26 July

Arrive at the Northern North Sea station at approximately 05.00 for CTD and water

collections. The continue north with weather still calm and sunny, past several oil rigs. Pilot whales spotted in afternoon. Norwegian coast and hills were visible approximately 20 miles to east.

Sunday 27 July

Continue north and cross the Arctic Circle at 20.30. Calm seas but colder and slightly foggy.

Monday 28 July

Continue north in cold foggy conditions to Loften station at approximately 09.30. Sea temperature now about 11 to 12^oC. Conducted deep (1500m) water test of benthic landers followed by CTDs. Sperm whale spotted in morning.

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9 Tuesday 29 July

Continue north in calm overcast seas with several whales spotted.

Wednesday 30 July

Continue north into Storfjorden. Weather grey and overcast with occasional glimpses of Svlabard. Sea temperature now about 5^oC. First CTD at approximately 04.00 then swath bathymetric surveys and POL instrument (ADCPs and STABLE) deployments during the rest of the morning (all completed successfully). Satellite communications temporarily lost late morning. Early afternoon was spent further north in fjord unsuccessfully searching for a SAMS mooring which failed to surface after acoustic release. Underway water sampling discontinued at 17.30. JCR then headed south-west towards Longyearbyen with underway swath bathymetry.

Thursday 31 July

JCR arrived in Isfjorden, Svalbard, and anchored just offshore from Longyearbyen

surrounded by snow covered hills. Mike Lucas, John Kenny, Terrie Doyle and Joe Collins depart ship by tender to be replaced by Stig Falk-Petersen, Anette Wold, Eric Fouilland, Emilie LeFloch, Mark Hart, Peter Lamont, Elaine Mitchell, Pauline Learmonth and George Pagliero. JCR then headed back out of Isfjorden and north up the west coast of Svalbard.

Friday 1 August

Arrive at first major Arctic station, Shelf Station 1 on the north-west Svalbard shelf, at approximately 08.00 after early morning spent deploying a grab to test benthic substrate in vicinity of the station for benthic sampling. The rest of the day until late afternoon was focused on benthic studies with CTD, Lander deployments and several megacorer

deployments, all in calm conditions. A partial solar eclipse was observed through thick fog at 11.26. Satellite communications were intermittent. EK60 measurements were

undertaken overnight.

Saturday 2 August

JCR remained at Shelf Station 1 for pelagic studies: CTD water collections, light measurements and zooplankton nets. Benthic landers (Elinor and Profiler) were also retrieved successfully in early afternoon. Fog had lifted but grey day with calm sea.

Humpback whales spotted at midday.

Sunday 3 August

More light measurements and CTDs at Shelf Station 1 in morning then depart for ice edge north of Svalbard. Satellite communications were lost. Minke whale spotted. Loose pack encountered was in afternoon and evening. Sea temperature was about 3^oC. Passed Moffen Island at midnight with distant views of beached walruses (the JCR remained at some considerable distance for the island to comply with wildlife protection regulations).

The first polar bear was seen at distance in afternoon.

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10 Monday 4 August

The early hours of the morning were spent breaking though loose ice flows and searching for a good place to deploy the landers. Conducted grabs and CTD and Elinor lander deployed in morning at the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) station. The JCR then continued north-east into sea ice for ~15 hours to establish a full ice cover station. First polar bear sighting close to ship at 14.40. Thick pack ice (10/10ths) encountered and slow progress by midnight with ship using full power and heeling tanks to roll ship. Sea temperature was now about 0^oC.

Tuesday 5 August

Arrive at Sea-ice station at 03.00 with the JCR no longer able to progress further into ice.

This was our most northerly position 547.3 nautical miles from the North Pole (80^o52.7N 19^o06.5E). Overcast with light snow flurries. A strong wind from port blew ship to starboard causing it to drift with the ice. Benthic grabs conducted in the morning but encountered poor sediment conditions for megacorer. Ice corer and augers were tested on sea-ice.

Ship’s Geordie basket and crane were used to access sea-ice. Polar bear watchers were established on ship’s Monkey Island with Stig Falk-Petersen and Anette Wold providing gun cover on the ice. Lots of surface water pools on the ice. EK60 measurements started.

Henrik Stahl’s birthday.

Wednesday 6 August

Polar bear seem close to ship at 03.30. All day spent sampling and filming at the Sea-ice station: CTDs and zooplankton nets from ship and hand held CTD and NIO water bottle collections from ice, also ice cores. The ship drifted in strong wind and working conditions on the ice were very cold in the morning. Wind eased in afternoon.

Thursday 7 August

Final day of sampling and filming at the Sea-ice station: zooplankton nets, CTD, ice cores.

Then JCR broke free of ice to head back south-west to the MIZ station, ice cover decreasing from 10/10 to 7/10ths once underway.

Friday 8 August

Arrived back at the MIZ station about 07.00 but encountered 8/10ths sea-ice cover so could not retrieve the Elinor lander. Megacores were taken throughout the morning and early afternoon, then CTDs, zooplankton nets, and EK60 measurements. Overcast with poor visibility.

Saturday 9 August

Continued work at the MIZ station in sunny conditions: zooplankton nets in the morning and early afternoon with sediment trap deployment. The rest of the afternoon was spent processing samples. Eric Fouilland’s birthday.

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11 Sunday 10 August

Further sampling at the MIZ station in 7/10ths sea-ice: CTD water collections, zooplankton nets, light and EK 60 measurements. Weather was very calm and sunny. Polar bear and Minke whale viewed close to the ships’ bows.

Monday 11 August

After one final CTD the JCR departed the MIZ station in the early morning (leaving the Elinor lander still in situ due to ice cover) and headed west towards the shelf edge to find suitable sediment and ice-free conditions for further benthic studies. Passed Moffen Island again and bearded seals spotted in the afternoon. In the late afternoon and evening

several grabs were deployed but sediment was too poor for sampling.

Tuesday 12 August

Continue grab samples overnight and located muddy sediment suitable for megacoring at 08.30. EK 60 measurements then started and megacores taken throughout the morning at the Shelf Edge station. Zooplankton nets and CTD water collection in the afternoon and evening.

Depart Shelf Edge station for MIZ station in morning after final CTD water collection. Arrive MIZ station at 14.00 and surface conditions now sufficiently ice-free to allow the Elinor lander to be recovered successfully. The JCR then continued onto Rijpfjorden having observed satellite images of ice cover which indicted that access to fjord may be possible.

Swath bathymetry measurements were undertaken on route through thick sea-ice and, in part, poorly charted shallow waters.

Thursday 14 August

Continue to Rijpforden though very thick ice with engines on full power. The ship was occasionally halted by ice and used heeling tanks to roll ship. The JCR arrived Rijpfjorden South station at mid-day encountering only a few small ice-flows. The sediment condition was then tested using the benthic grab, after which the JCR then head north again to Rijpforden Mooring station with another grab sample taken. Both landers were then deployed late afternoon followed by zooplankton nets and EK60 survey overnight. Elaine Mitchell’s birthday.

Friday 15 August

Continued to work at Rijpfjorden Mooring station in the morning with CTD water collection, Profiler lander recovery, zooplankton nets and EK60 measurements; also a Swath

bathymetry survey of the fjords southern basin. A shore party comprising Stig Falk-

Petersen, Anette Wold and George Pagliero departed the ship to inspect a Norwegian field research hut on the west shore of the fjord. The JCR then returned to Rijpfjorden South station in the afternoon for Profiler lander and sediment trap deployments, CTD water collections and megacore sampling.

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12 Saturday 16 August

Foggy conditions with wet snow. The JCR Return to Rijpfjorden Mooring Station for early morning EK60 measurements and Elinor lander recovery. CTD water collections and light measurements also undertaken in the morning along with the recovery of the Rijpforden mooring after a year long deployment. The JCR then revisited the Rijpfjorden South station to recover the Profiler lander and sediment trap, and conduct more zooplankton net and CTD sampling. The shore party returned to ship. Finally further swath bathymetry

conducted near south-west fjord glacier mouth and evening zooplankton nets at the RIB station. The JCR then headed north out of the fjord undertaking a late night CTD water sampling transect on route. Pauline Learmonth’s birthday.

Sunday 17 August

Continued transect sampling north out of Rijpforden with early morning zooplankton nets and CTD water collections at RJA, RJB, and RJ1 stations. The JCR then headed west in poor visibility through thick ice (the ship occasionally halted by ice and using of heeling tanks to roll ship) heading for Shelf Station 2. Walrus and polar bear spotted. Pete Len’s birthday.

Monday 18 August

Pass MIZ station in early hours and leave pack ice arriving at Shelf Station 2 to the north west of Svalbard at approximately 06.00. After a couple of CTD water collections, the JCR continued south to Kongfjorden in strong wind and substantial swell, arriving at Ny Alesund mid-afternoon. Both landers were then deployed in the fjord and the rest of the day spent undertaking zooplankton net collections and EK60 measurements.

Tuesday 19 August

Further zooplankton net collections and EK60 measurements conducted, including EK60 calibration most of the day (preventing other overside instrument deployments). Both landers recovered in the early evening. Susan Watts and Ming Tsang from the BBC joined the ship in the morning to conduct further filming and interviews with scientists,officers and crew. Start of demobilisation. Scientists visited from the Norwegian RV Lance which was also moored in Kongsfjorden.

The zooplankton net collections were completed in the early morning bringing to an end all science activities. The rest of the day was spent packing and conducting further filming and interviews. There was also a shore visit by staff and crew to Ny Alesund, including the Kings Bay Marine Laboratory and NERC Harland laboratory. The JCR then departed Kongsfjord in the late afternoon for Lonyearbyen. End of cruise party in evening.

Thursday 21 August

The JCR arrived in Longyearbyen in the early morning. Demobilisation completed during the morning and mid-day departure of science staff from ship for fights home. End of the research cruise.

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JCR210 Event Log

Evt

No. Date Start Time (GMT)

End Time

(GMT) Station Latitude Longitude Depth

(m) Activity Comments Lead

1 24/07 07:50 08:04 English Channel 50°46.43563 N 00°45.18598 E 28 CTD CTD001 Anastasia

2 25/07 05:08 05:22 Southern North Sea 54°12.43787 N 02°36.61785 E 42 CTD CTD002 Anastasia

3 26/07 05:02 05:21 Northern North Sea 58°47.98040 N 03°14.97760 E 102 CTD CTD003 Anastasia

4 28/07 09:25 10:53 Lofoten 69°00.07902 N 09°59.83266 E 3040 Lander test Henrik

5 28/07 11:07 11:30 Lofoten 69°00.07814 N 09°59.82930 E 3100 Test CTD 500mSwathProfile - to 500m for swath - no bottles fired Pete

6 28/07 11:39 11:57 Lofoten 69°00.08016 N 09°59.83358 E 3100 CTD CTD004 Anastasia

7 30/07 04:10 04:36 Storfjorden 76°28.80340 N 18°59.92166 E 190 CTD CTD005 Tim + James

8 30/07 04:52 05:21 Storfjorden_S1 76°28.58500 N 18°58.77000E 190 Swath survey Start pos & time. POL1 area Kate

9 30/07 05:36 05:40 Storfjorden_POL1 76°28.81557 N 19°00.00756 E 190 Lander deployment POL F2 John

10 30/07 06:09 06:17 Storfjorden_POL2 76°29.00425 N 19°01.98635 E 190 Lander deployment POL STABLE John

11 30/07 06:23 07:37 Storfjorden_S2 76°29.32000 N 19°02.64000 E 190 Swath survey Start pos & time. Between POL1 & POL2 + POL2 area Kate

12 30/07 07:57 08:02 Storfjorden_POL3 76°39.99265 N 19°16.49680 E 160 Lander deployment POL F1 John

13 30/07 08:03 13:02 Storfjorden_S3 76°39.99265 N 19°16.49680 E 160 Swath survey Start pos & time. Between POL2 & POL3 Kate

14 30/07 13:00 15:07 Storfjorden_SAMS 77°34.03700 N 19°04.96700 E 190 Mooring recovery Failed Colin

15 01/08 04:50 07:30 Test 79°39.97000 N 08°30.68000 E 500 Grab Rock caught in jaws Martyn

16 01/08 08:22 08:55 Shelf Station 1 79°43.50000 N 08°50.01000 E 452 Grab Mud Martyn

17 01/08 09:24 10:02 Shelf Station 1 79°43.49000 N 08°50.07800 E 452 CTD CTD006 Henrik

18 01/08 ~11:00 11:25 Shelf Station 1 79°43.44000 N 08°50.07500 E 452 Lander deployment (profiler) deployment #1 Henrik 19 01/08 ~11:30 11:55 Shelf Station 1 79°43.44300 N 08°49.79600 E 407? Elinor deployment (chamber) deployment #1 Henrik 20 01/08 12:55 13:15 Shelf Station 1 79°43.10000 N 08°47.87500 E 458 Megacorer Megacorer001 - 8/8 - on bottom at 13:05 Martyn 21 01/08 13:43 14:04 Shelf Station 1 79°43.10100 N 08°47.88100 E 458 Megacorer Megacorer002 - 8/8 - on bottom at 13:53 Martyn 22 01/08 14:35 14:55 Shelf Station 1 79°43.10000 N 08°47.87800 E 458 Megacorer Megacorer003 - 8/8 - on bottom at 14:45 Martyn 23 01/08 15:27 15:47 Shelf Station 1 79°43.10000 N 08°47.87800 E 457 Megacorer Megacorer004 - 7.5/8 - on bottom at 15:38 Martyn

24 02/08 06:27 06:50 Shelf Station 1 79°43.61000 N 08°50.91400 E 448 CTD CTD007 Tim

27 02/08 10:08 10:33 Shelf Station 1 79°43.60900 N 08°50.91300 E 449 Light probe test TRIOS - down to 35m Emilie

28 02/08 10:35 10:50 Shelf Station 1 79°43.60900 N 08°50.91300 E 449 Light probe test FLUOROPROBE - down to 50m Emilie

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Evt

End Time

29 02/08 11:14 11:24 Shelf Station 1 79°43.60900 N 08°50.91000 E 449 CTD CTD010 - down to 50m only James + Mark

30 02/08 12:05 12:32 Shelf Station 1 79°43.44000 N 08°50.07500 E 449 Lander recovery (profiler) recovery #1 - back at surface in ~7min Henrik 31 02/08 12:35 13:15 Shelf Station 1 79°43.44300 N 08°49.79600 E 449? Elinor recovery (chamber) recovery #1 - back at surface in ~7min Henrik

32 02/08 14:19 12:30 (03/8) Shelf Station 1 79°43.47400 N 08°49.97000 E 449 EK60 Mags

33 02/08 14:25 12:38 (03/8) Shelf Station 1 79°43.47400 N 08°49.97000 E 449 ADCP Mags

34 02/08 14:57 15:24 Shelf Station 1 79°43.47600 N 08°49.97000 E 454 Zooplankton net Down to 425m at 15:11 Stig

35 02/08 22:24 22:46 Shelf Station 1 79°43.48000 N 08°49.97000 E 452 CTD CTD011– no bottles fired Stig

36 02/08 22:56 23:23 Shelf Station 1 79°43.48000 N 08°49.97000 E 452 Zooplankton net Stig

37 02/08 23:30 23:47 Shelf Station 1 79°43.48000 N 08°49.97000 E 452 Zooplankton net Stig

38 03/08 06:12 06:35 Shelf Station 1 79°43.47500 N 08°49.97600 E 453 Light probe dept TRIOS - down 50m at 06:21 Emilie 39 03/08 06:44 07:00 Shelf Station 1 79°43.47500 N 08°49.97600 E 453 Light probe dept FLUOROPROBE - down 50m at 06:54 Emilie

40 03/08 07:18 07:40 Shelf Station 1 79°43.47500 N 08°49.97200 E 453 CTD CTD012 - no bottles fired Eric

41 03/08 08:19 08:26 Shelf Station 1 79°43.47500 N 08°49.97200 E 452 CTD CTD013 – down to 30m only Eric

42 03/08 09:20 09:48 Shelf Station 1 79°43.47500 N 08°49.97200 E 452 CTD CTD014 Ray

43 03/08 12:38 09:12 (04/8) Shelf Station 1 79°43.47000 N 08°49.95700 E 453 ADCP Transit to Lander Site 2 Mags

44 04/08 07:15 07:39 MIZ Station 80°21.15300 N 16°20.89800 E 410 Grab At bottom at 07:29 Martyn

45 04/08 08:00 08:31 MIZ Station 80°21.16400 N 16°20.87800 E 410 CTD CTD015 Henrik

46 04/08 09:10 09:20 MIZ Station 80°21.16300 N 16°20.87900 E 410 Elinor deployment Deployment #2 - At bottom at 09:16:30 Henrik

47 04/08 14:20 09:25 (07/8) On way to Ice Stn 80°40.92600 N 17°43.08600 E 94 ADCP Transit to Ice Station Mags

48 05/08 09:09 09:22 Ice Station 80°51.61980 N 19°08.81880 E 99 Grab Rock in jaws Martyn

51 05/08 13:14 13:25 Ice Station 80°51.53500 N 19°08.92400 E 96 CTD CTD016 Estelle

52 06/08 09:11 09:27 (07/8) Ice Station 80°48.71000 N 19°13.06500 E 138 EK60 Mags

53 06/08 10:41 11:12 Ice Station 80°48.38400 N 19°12.27700 E 143 CTD CTD017 – SBE19 on frame

Ship’s prop running on recovery to clear ice Eric

54 06/08 12:54 13:22 Ice Station 80°48.28200 N 19°11.86700 E 144 CTD CTD018 Tim

55 06/08 13:55 14:08 Ice Station 80°48.28300 N 19°11.89000 E 144 Zooplankton net MPS – down 120m at 14:01 Anette

56 06/08 14:18 14:31 Ice Station 80°48.28400 N 19°11.90700 E 144 Zooplankton net WP3 – down 100m at 14:24 Anette

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Evt

End Time

59 06/08 22:10 22:20 Ice Station 80°48.28200 N 19°11.79600 E 144 CTD CTD019 Stig

60 06/08 22:53 23:01 Ice Station 80°48.28400 N 19°11.58100 E 144 Zooplankton net MPS Stig

61 06/08 23:14 23:19 Ice Station 80°48.28400 N 19°11.51900 E 144 Zooplankton net WP3 Stig

64 07/08 09:31 Ice Station 80°47.75000 N 19°00.33000 E 145 ADCP Bottom tracking Mags

65 07/08 12:40 13:03 Ice Station 80°47.40300 N 18°55.20000 E 128 CTD CTD020 Andrea

66 08/08 07:22 07:45 MIZ Station 80°20.85700 N 16°20.82200 E 411 CTD CTD021 Henrik

67 08/08 08:26 08:50 MIZ Station 80°20.85100 N 16°20.41000 E 411 Megacorer Megacorer001b - 6/8 - on bottom at 08:40 Martyn 68 08/08 09:17 09:38 MIZ Station 80°21.03300 N 16°19.95200 E 405 Megacorer Megacorer002b - 2/8 - on bottom at 09:26 Martyn 69 08/08 11:03 11:23 MIZ Station 80°20.92000 N 16°20.83500 E 411 Megacorer Megacorer003b - 6/8 - on bottom at 11:14 Martyn 70 08/08 12:14 12:33 MIZ Station 80°20.93400 N 16°18.22500 E 393 Megacorer Megacorer004b - 4/8 - on bottom at 12:24 Martyn 71 08/08 12:55 13:13 MIZ Station 80°20.93300 N 16°18.22700 E 393 Megacorer Megacorer005b - 4/8 - on bottom at 13:03 Martyn 72 08/08 13:39 13:57 MIZ Station 80°20.93300 N 16°18.23000 E 394 Megacorer Megacorer006b - 6/8 - on bottom at 13:47 Martyn 73 08/08 14:21 14:39 MIZ Station 80°20.93400 N 16°18.22300 E 394 Megacorer Megacorer007b - 5/8 - on bottom at 14:29 Martyn

74 08/08 15:22 15:55 MIZ Station 80°20.88700 N 16°17.89400 E 393 CTD CTD022 Tim

77 08/08 22:06 22:23 MIZ Station 80°20.83000 N 16°15.76000 E 386 Zooplankton net MPS Stig

78 08/08 22:32 22:40 MIZ Station 80°20.88000 N 16°14.78000 E 387 Zooplankton net WP3 Stig

79 08/08 21:43 22:21(07/8) MIZ Station 80°20.79600 N 16°16.12800 E 386 EK60 Mags

81 09/08 09:09 09:37 MIZ Station 80°20.62900 N 16°14.91100 E 381 Zooplankton net MPS – down 375m at 09:25 Stig

82 09/08 09:43 09:55 MIZ Station 80°20.67000 N 16°13.93400 E 382 Zooplankton net WP3 – down 100m at 09:50 Stig

83 09/08 11:04 11:09 MIZ Station 80°20.87000 N 16°11.59500 E ~383 Zooplankton net WP3 – down 50m at 11:06 Stig

88 09/08 11:59 12:22 MIZ Station 80°21.05600 N 16°10.72600 E ~383 Zooplankton net MPS – down 375m at 12:10 Stig

89 09/08 12:28 12:55 MIZ Station 80°21.15100 N 16°10.14400 E ~383 Zooplankton net MPS – down 375m at 12:40 Stig

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Evt

End Time

91 09/08 15:15 06:10(10/8) MIZ Station 80°21.13100 N 16°21.75300 E 414 Sediment trap Down 50m, on starboard winch Colin

92 10/08 07:13 07:24 MIZ Station 80°21.77900 N 16°17.22500 E 403 CTD CTD026 Eric

93 10/08 07:40 07:55 MIZ Station 80°21.73500 N 16°17.09200 E 402 CTD CTD027 Ray

94 10/08 11:07 11:18 MIZ Station 80°21.47300 N 16°15.08200 E 392 CTD CTD028 James

95 10/08 11:03 05:11(11/8) MIZ Station 80°21.47700 N 16°15.06700 E 392 EK60 Mags

96 10/08 11:32 11:45 MIZ Station 80°21.62400 N 16°14.30700 E 396 Zooplankton net WP3 – down 100m at 11:39 Stig

98 10/08 12:26 12:47 MIZ Station 80°21.76600 N 16°13.85900 E 397 Light probe dept FLUOROPROBE – down 50m at 12:35 Emilie

99 10/08 12:53 13:10 MIZ Station 80°21.76700 N 16°13.85800 E 397 Light probe dept TRIOS – down 50m at 13:06 Emilie

100 10/08 14:15 01:35(11/8) MIZ Station 80°21.23500 N 16°22.88500 E ~350 Sediment trap Down 50m. Recovered early because of shallowing Colin

101 10/08 21:57 22:18 MIZ Station 80°24.08000 N 16°22.53000 E 353 Zooplankton net MPS Stig

102 10/08 22:24 22:37 MIZ Station 80°24.40000 N 16°22.58000 E 359 Zooplankton net WP3 Stig

103 11/08 07:51 08:01 MIZ Station 80°21.16700 N 16°20.77700 E 411 CTD CTD029 Andrea

104 11/08 17:40 17:54 Test 2 80°02.71900 N 12°45.81500 E 186 Grab At bottom at 17:49. Stones Martyn

105 11/08 23:53 00:23 Test 3 80°22.42000 N 11°08.82000 E 476 Grab At bottom at 00:08. Stones Henrik

108 12/08 07:38 08:14 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.30200 N 11°18.84700 E 755 Grab At bottom at 07:58. Empty Martyn

109 12/08 08:19 08:55 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.29400 N 11°18.73900 E 756 Grab At bottom at 08:37. Mud Martyn

110 12/08 08:45 05:40(13/8) Shelf Edge Station 80°29.23700 N 11°18.15000 E 753 EK60 Mags

111 12/08 09:30 10:02 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.28300 N 11°18.37600 E 755 Megacorer Megacorer001c - 8/8 - on bottom at 09:47 Martyn 112 12/08 10:25 10:55 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.35000 N 11°17.69200 E 760 Megacorer Megacorer002c - 8/8 - on bottom at 10:40 Martyn 113 12/08 11:16 11:44 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.35400 N 11°17.73000 E 760 Megacorer Megacorer003c - 4/8 - on bottom at 11:30 Martyn 114 12/08 12:08 12:36 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.35100 N 11°17.64900 E 760 Megacorer Megacorer004c - 8/8 - on bottom at 12:23 Martyn 115 12/08 13:04 13:33 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.40500 N 11°17.72100 E 763 Megacorer Megacorer005c - 8/8 - on bottom at 13:21 Martyn 116 12/08 14:08 14:30 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.45900 N 11°17.22400 E 770 Zooplankton net WP3 - down 200m at 14:19 Stig 117 12/08 14:34 14:46 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.52800 N 11°16.52900 E 775 Zooplankton net WP3 - down 100m at 14:40 Stig 118 12/08 14:52 15:04 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.66000 N 11°15.73200 E 780 Zooplankton net WP3 - down 100m at 14:58 Stig 119 12/08 15:32 16:12 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.51300 N 11°16.96500 E 774 Zooplankton net MPS - down 765m at 15:50 Stig 120 12/08 16:36 17:07 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.86000 N 11°14.61000 E 788 Zooplankton net MPS - down 765m at 16:51 Stig

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17

Evt

End Time

121 12/08 18:15 19:04 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.78100 N 11°14.91700 E 785 CTD CTD030 Tim

124 12/08 21:37 22:09 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.61400 N 11°14.77100 E 777 Zooplankton net MPS? down ~765m at 21:51 Stig 125 12/08 22:35 23:08 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.61300 N 11°14.80300 E 777 Zooplankton net MPS? down ~765m at 22:50 Stig 126 12/08 23:25 23:37 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.23900 N 11°14.32400 E 759 Zooplankton net WP3? down 100m at 23:31 Stig

128 13/08 07:17 07:20 Shelf Edge Station 80°29.25400 N 11°19.27700 E 752 Plankton net Hand-held net. Down 20m at 07:18 Ray

129 13/08 14:15 14:55 MIZ Station 80°21.32400 N 16°20.50000 E 410 Elinor recovery Recovery #2 Henrik

130 13/08 15:00 16:50(14/8) On way to Rijpfjord 80°21.32400 N 16°20.50000 E 410 Swath From MIZ Station to and in Rijpfjorden Kate

131 14/08 12:09 12:24 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.47100 N 22°09.22700 E 205 Grab At bottom at 12:16. Mud Martyn

132 14/08 16:52 17:08 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.87900 N 22°18.32500 E 196 Grab At bottom at 17:00. Mud + a few stones Martyn

133 14/08 17:36 17:42 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.88000 N 22°18.33900 E 195 Elinor deployment Deployment #3 Henrik

134 14/08 17:57 18:04 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.99100 N 22°18.74400 E 217 Lander deployment Deployment #2 Henrik

135 14/08 20:04 20:11 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°17.10000 N 22°18.25000 E 225 Zooplankton net WP3 Stig

136 14/08 20:20 20:31 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°17.09000 N 22°18.21000 E 225 Zooplankton net WP3 Stig

137 14/08 20:45 21:04 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°17.09000 N 22°18.22000 E 225 Zooplankton net MPS Stig

138 14/08 20:58 23:20 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°17.08400 N 22°18.21800 E 225 EK60 Mags

142 14/08 23:47 05:02(15/8) Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°18.25200 N 22°16.01400 E 284 EK60 Survey near mooring site Mags

143 15/08 05:04 07:52 Rijpfjorden 80°25.76400 N 22°06.56400 E 205 ADCP Mags

144 15/08 06:50 07:20 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.97000 N 22°17.75400 E 211 CTD CTD034 Andrea

145 15/08 08:05 08:32 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.98000 N 22°17.89000 E ~210 Lander recovery Recovery #2 Henrik

147 15/08 08:41 04:47(16/8) Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.87200 N 22°19.21700 E 198 ADCP Mags

148 15/08 09:30 09:43 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°17.08400 N 22°18.26500 E 225 Zooplankton net MPS - down 222m at 09:35 Stig 149 15/08 09:50 10:01 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°17.09700 N 22°18.25400 E 226 Zooplankton net WP3 - down 100m at 09:55 Stig 150 15/08 10:20 14:00 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°17.09700 N 22°18.25400 E 226 Swath From mooring site to Southern Basin Kate 151 15/08 14:07 14:15 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.36800 N 22°29.05000 E 206 Lander deployment Deployment #3 – at bottom at 14:10 Henrik

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18

Evt

End Time

152 15/08 14:29 14:45 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.45400 N 22°09.23300 E 209 Megacorer Megacorer001d - 7/8 - on bottom at 14:36 Martyn

153 15/08 15:12 16/8 pm Rijpfjorden South 80°07.53600 N 22°09.36800 E 196 Sediment trap At bottom at ~15:17 Colin

154 15/08 15:45 15:58 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.45100 N 22°09.23600 E 205 Megacorer Megacorer002d - 8/8 - on bottom at 15:52 Martyn 155 15/08 16:13 16:26 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.45100 N 22°09.23400 E 205 Megacorer Megacorer003d - 7/8 - on bottom at 16:20 Martyn 156 15/08 16:53 17:07 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.45100 N 22°09.24400 E 205 Megacorer Megacorer004d - 6/8 - on bottom at 17:00 Martyn 157 15/08 17:33 17:44 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.45000 N 22°09.24000 E 205 Megacorer Megacorer005d - 8/8 - on bottom at 17:39 Martyn

158 15/08 18:35 18:51 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.47000 N 22°08.94800 E 205 CTD CTD035 Tim

159 15/08 19:28 19:50 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.46900 N 22°08.94600 E 205 CTD CTD036 Henrik

161 16/08 05:18 05:35 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.96800 N 22°18.54700 E 218 Elinor recovery Recovery #3 Henrik

162 16/08 06:18 06:26 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.96900 N 22°18.54400 E 219 CTD CTD037 Eric

163 16/08 06:41 06:57 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.97000 N 22°18.54500 E 219 CTD CTD038 Ray

164 16/08 07:50 09:10 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.81700 N 22°19.62700 E 216 Mooring recovery Colin

165 16/08 09:38 09:49 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.91800 N 22°18.79900 E 217 CTD CTD039 James

166 16/08 09:54 09:57 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.91600 N 22°18.80200 E 217 Plankton net Hand-held net. Down 20m at 09:55 Ray 167 16/08 10:47 10:57 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.91700 N 22°18.80600 E 217 Light probe dept FLUOROPROBE – down 50m at 10:51 Emilie 168 16/08 11:02 11:15 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.91700 N 22°18.80700 E 217 Light probe dept TRIOS – down 50m at 11:08 Emilie

170 16/08 11:20 12:46 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.91800 N 22°18.80400 E 217 ADCP Mags

171 16/08 12:57 13:17 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.46600 N 22°09.18300 E 206 CTD CTD040 Tim

172 16/08 13:30 14:00 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.25600 N 22°09.15000 E 206 Lander recovery Recovery #3 Henrik

173 16/08 14:26 14:45 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.42200 N 22°09.17100 E 201 CTD CTD041 Stig

174 16/08 14:54 15:04 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.42500 N 22°09.17500 E 202 Zooplankton net MPS - down 190m at 14:59 Stig 175 16/08 15:09 15:20 Rijpfjorden South 80°07.42500 N 22°09.17700 E 202 Zooplankton net WP3 - down 100m at 15:14 Stig 176 16/08 17:59 19:44 Glacier 80°07.42500 N 22°09.17700 E 202 Swath From Rijpfjorden South to, in and out of glacier Kate

177 16/08 20:05 20:27 RIB 80°10.19400 N 22°10.06700 E 176 CTD CTD042 Stig

178 16/08 20:37 20:49 RIB 80°10.19500 N 22°10.06100 E 176 Zooplankton net WP3 – down 100m at 20:43 Stig

179 16/08 20:53 21:04 RIB 80°10.19400 N 22°10.05900 E 177 Zooplankton net MPS - down 170m at 21:58 Stig

180 16/08 22:42 23:05 Rijpfjorden Mooring 80°16.99000 N 22°19.41200 E 183 CTD CTD043 Tim

181 17/08 00:58 01:22 RJA 80°23.83000 N 22°13.16500 E 157 CTD CTD044 Colin

182 17/08 02:55 03:19 RJB 80°29.46600 N 22°12.63300 E 178 CTD CTD045 Colin