• No results found

3 Trends and initiatives in

3.6 Spread of non-indigenous

3.6.1 The threats

 Repetição dos estudos realizados com larvas de Sitophilus zeamais, utilizando métodos de deteção de infestação oculta (fucsina ácida);

 Estudo de produção de benzoquinonas no estado larvar de Tribolium castaneum;

 Estudo do perfil de ácidos gordos de ambas as espécies;

 Análise sensorial de produtos alimentares formulados a partir de cereais e derivados com larvas Sitophilus zeamais e de Tribolium castaneum com o objetivo de verificar alterações nas características sensoriais.

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS |

Agilent Technologies. (2015). Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Analytical Methods.

Autrália : Agilent Technologies.

Almeida, J. A. (2013). Os serviços dos ecossistemas na valorização dos espaços agrícolas: perspetivas gerais e aplicação a um território rural de montanha. Porto: Faculdade de Ciências do Porto.

AOAC. (1998). Official Methods of Analysis, Amino Acids in Feeds - AOAC official Method 994.12 (16th ed.). Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. Barbosa, J. (2015). Vida Rural - Produzir insectos para farinha. Obtido em Agosto de 2016, de

http://www.vidarural.pt/produzir-insetos-para-farinha/

Bell, C. H. (2000). Fumigation in 21st century. Crop protection , 19, 593-569.

Belluco, S., Losasso, C., Maggioletti, M., Alonzi, C. C., Paoletti, M. C., & Ricci, A. (2013). Edible Insects in a Food Safety and Nutritional Perspective: A Critical Review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 12, 296-313.

Bussinka, A. P., Vreede, J., Aerts, J. M., & Boot, R. G. (Fevereiro 2008). A single histidine residue modulates enzymatic activity in acidic mammalian chitinase. Federation of European Biochemical Societies , pp. 931-935.

Canadian Grain Commission. (2013). Canadian Grain Commission. Obtido em Maio de 2016, de https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/storage-entrepose/pip-irp/mw-cr-eng.htm

Comissão Europeia. (2000). Plant protection in the EU - consumption of plant protection products in the European Union 1992-1996. Luxemburgo.

Dönitz, J., Grossmann, D., Schild, I., Schmitt-Engel, C., Bradler, S., & Pepic, N.-M. (2013). An anatomical ontology for the beetle tribolium castaneum. Obtido em Julho de 2016, de http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0070695#pone- 0070695-g001

EFSA Scientific Committee. (2015). Scientific Opinion on a risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed. EFSA Journal 2015, 13(10), 60.

Eurostat. (2007). Statistical Books - The use of plant protection in the European Union 1992- 2003. Luxemburgo.

Eurostat. (2016). Statistical Books - Agriculture, forestry and fishery statistics 2015 edition (2015 ed.). Luxemburgo: Eurostat.

FAO . (1992). Meat and meat products in human nutrition in developing countries. Obtido em Abril de 2016, de

http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0562E/T0562E01.htm#Acknowledgments FAO. (1985). Prevention of post-harvest food losses: a training manual. Roma: FAO. FAO. (1998). Maize in Human Nutrition. Rome: FAO.

Fields, P. (s.d.). Alternatives to chemical control of stored-product insects in temperate regions. Em A. a.-f. center (Ed.), 9th international working conference on stored product protection. Canada.

Fukuto, R. (1990). Mechanism of action of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Environmental Health Perspectives, 87, 245-254.

Gunther, M. (s.d.). Farming: Pollution. WWF.

Haines, C. (1991). Insects and arachnids of tropical stored products: their biology and identification (A Training Manual) (2º ed.). Chatham.

Hayes, D., & Laudan, R. (2009). Edible Insects. Em Food and nutricion (p. 569). Nova Iorque: Marshall Cavendish Reference.

Henderson, J. W., Ricker, R. D., Bidlingmeyer, B. A., & Woodward, C. (2000). Rapid, Accurate, Sensitive and Reproducicle Analysis of Amino Acids. Agilent Publications .

HGCA. (2004). Grain sampling from field to buyer - understanding variation .

Hintze, K., Tawzer, J., & Ward, R. (2016). Concentration and ratio of essential fatty acids influences the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide challanged mice. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essencial Fatty Acids.

Hodges, R. J., Hall, D. R., Mbugua, J. N., & Likhayo, P. W. (1998). The responses of

Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to pheromone and synthetic maize volatiles as lures in crevice of flight traps. Bull Entomol, 88, 131-139.

Holló, G., Csapó, J., Szûes, E., Tõzsér, J., Repa, I., & Holló, I. (s.d.). Influence of breed, slaughter weight and gender on chemical composition of beef. Amino acid profile and biological value of proteins. Faculty of Agricultural Enviromental Sciences, Hungary, pp. 1555- 1559.

Huis, A. v. (2012). Potencial of Insects as Food and Feed in Assuring Food Security. The annual review of entimology, 58, 563-583.

Huis, A. V., Itterbeeck, J. V., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., & Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security. Roma: FAO. INE. (2015). Estatísticas agrícolas 2014. Lisboa: Instituto Naciona de Estatística.

Instituto Nacional de Saúde. (2010). Tabelas de Alimentos, Detalhes de Alimento, Milho grão cru seco. Obtido em Setembro de 2016, de

http://www.insa.pt/sites/INSA/Portugues/AreasCientificas/AlimentNutricao/Aplicacoe sOnline/TabelaAlimentos/PesquisaOnline/Paginas/DetalheAlimento.aspx?ID=IS412 Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge. (2010). Tabela de Composição de Alimentos.

Obtido em Maio de 2016, de

http://www.insa.pt/sites/INSA/Portugues/AreasCientificas/AlimentNutricao/Aplicacoe sOnline/TabelaAlimentos/PesquisaOnline/Paginas/DetalheAlimento.aspx?ID=IS412 Jacobs, S., & Calvin, D. (1988). Weevils on stored grains. Pennstate: College of Agricultural

Sciences - Entomological Notes.

Jadhav, K. (2006). Biologu and Management of Rice Weevil, sitophilus oryzae L. in Pop Sorghum. Dharwad: University of agricultural sciences.

Johnson, D. V. (2010). The contribution of edible forest insects to human nutrition and to forest management. Em Forest insects as food: humans bite back (pp. 5-22). Bangkok, Thailand: FAO.

K.E.Ekpo, A.O.Onigbinde, & I.O.Asia. (2009). Pharmaceutical potentials of oils of some popular insects consumed in southern Nigeria. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3, 51-57.

Koehler, P. (1994). Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera:Curculionidae). Florida: University of Florida.

LB, L., T, B., M, B., & A, C. (2011). The carcinogenic effects of benzoquinones produced by the flour beetle. Polish Jounal of Veterinary Sciences, 14, 159-164.

Li, L., Zhao, Z., & Liu, H. (2012). Feasibility of feeding yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L) in bioregenerative life support systems as a source of animal protein for humans. Acta Astronautica, 92, 103-109.

Likhayo, P. W., & Hodges, R. J. (2000). Field monitoring Sitophilus zeamais and sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) usinh refuge and flight traps baited with synthetic pheromone and cracked wheat. Journal Stored Prod, 36, 341-353.

Longvah, T., Mangthya, K., & Ramulu, P. (Março de 2011). Nutrient composition and protein quality evaluation of eri silkworm (Samia ricinii) prepupae an pupae. Food Chemistry, pp. 400-403.

Mejía, D. (2003). Maize post-harvest operations. FAO.

Meyer-Rochow, V. (2010). Entomophagy and its impact on world cultures:. Em P. B. Durst, D. V. Johnson, R. N. Leslie, & K. Shono (Edits.), Forest insects as food: humans bite back (pp. 23-36). Tailândia : FAO.

Paoletti, M. G., Norberto, L., Cozzarini, E., & Musumeci, S. (2009). Role of Chitinases in Human Stomach for Chitin Digestion: AMCase in the Gastric Digestion of Chitin and Chit in Gastric Pathologies. Nova Science Publishers, 339-357.

Premalatha, M., Abbasi, T., Abbasi, T., & S. A. (2011). Energy-efficient food production to reduce global warming and ecodegradation: The use of edible insects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 4357-4360.

Rajendran, S., & Srinanjini, V. (2008). Plant products as fumigants for stored-products insect control. Journal of stored products reserach, 44, 126-135.

Raksakantong, P., Meeso, N., Kubola, J., & Siriamornpun, S. (2010). Fatty acids and proximate composition of eight thai edible terricolous insects. Food Research International, 350- 355.

Ramos-Elorduy, J., Moreno, J. M., Prado, E. E., Perez, M. A., Otero, J. L., & Guevara, O. L. (1997). Nutritional Value of Edible Insects from the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of food composition and analysis, pp. 142-157.

Ramum, P., Penã-Rosas, J. P., & Garcia-Casal, M. N. (2014). Global maize production utilization and consumption. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 105-112.

Raubenheimer, D., & Rothman, J. M. (2012). Nutritional Ecology of Entomophagy in Humans and Other Primates. New Zealand: Annua Review of Entomology .

Saint-Denis, T., & Goupy, J. (2004). Optimization of a nitrogen analyser based on Dumas method. Analytica Chimica Acta, 515, 191-198.

Sallam, M. N. (s.d.). Insect Damage: Damage on post-harvest. AGSI/FAO.

Saoussem, H., Sadok, B., Habib, K., & Mayer, P. M. (2009). Fatty acid accumulation in the different fractionbs of the developing corn kernel. Food Chemistry, 432-437.

Schabel, H. G. (2010). Forest insects as food: a global review. Em P. B. Durst, D. V. Johnson, R. N. Leslie, & K. Shono (Edits.), Edible forest insects: humans bite back (pp. 37-59). Tailândia: FAO.

Senthilkumar, T., Jayas, D. S., White, N. D., Freund, M. S., Shafai, C., & Thomson, D. J. (2012). Characterization of volatile organic compounds released by granivorous insects in stored wheat. Journal of stored products research , 48, 91-96.

Shockley, M., & Dossey, A. T. (2014). Insects for human consumption. Em Mass production of beneficial organisms: Invertebrates and entomopathogens (pp. 617-649). Elsevier. Singh, N. B., & Sinha, R. N. (1977). Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein in the Developmental Stages

of Sitophilus oryzaeand S. granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Canada: Agriculture Canada Research Station.

The World Bank. (2008). Agricultura e meio ambiente. The World Bank .

Tigar, B. J., Key, G. E., Flores-S, S. M., & Vazquez-Arista, M. (1994a). Field and post-maturation infestation of maize by stored product insects in Mexico. Journal Stored Products, 30, 1-8.

Uhruh, L. M., Xu, R., & Kramer, K. J. (2016). Benzoquinone levels as a function of age and gender of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. Journal of the stored products research, 69, 7-13.

Unruh, L. M., Xu, R., & Kramer, K. J. (1998). Benzoquinone levels as a function of age and gender of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 28(12), 969-977.

Wagenigen UR. (2015). Wageningen UR Laboratory of entomology. Obtido em Março de 2016, de http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/Expertise-Services/Chair-groups/Plant-

Sciences/Laboratory-of-Entomology.htm

Wagh, V. D., & Deore, B. R. (s.d.). Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF): An Overview. Advances in life science and health, pp. 1-16.

WHO. (2007). Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. Suíça: WHO - World Heath Organization.

Xiaoming, C., Ying, F., Hong, Z., & Zhiyong, C. (2010). Review of the nutritive value of edible insects. Em P. B. Durst, D. V. Johnson, R. N. Leslie, & K. Shono (Edits.), Edible Insects: Humans Bite Back (pp. 85-92). Tailândia : FAO.

Yang, L.-f., Siriamornpun, S., & Li, D. (2006). Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of edible insects in Thailand.

Yaqubi, M., Shahraki, J., & Sabouni, M. S. (Fevereiro de 2016). On dealing with the pollution costs in agriculture: A case of study of paddy fields. Science of the total environment, pp. 310-318.

Yezerski, A., Glimor, T. P., & Stevens, L. (2004). Genetic Analysis of Benzoquinone Production in Tribolium confusum. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 30(5), 1035-1044.