(4) Context and Problematics
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(2) Death is still, quite often, a taboo in Hong Kong, where most death architecture and landscape are unpleasant and frightening spaces commonly situated at urban fringes. The existing funerary facilities are highly functional and not emotive, that the bereaved and the mourners have no space for reflection, relief, catharsis or even a chat. This project is the first burial ground applying a “cemetery-park” concept in an urban area of Hong Kong, providing emotive spaces for the relief of mourners and encouraging locals to use daily for leisure..
(3) CONTEXT AND PROBLEMATICS DESIGN CONCEPT SITE SELECTION DESIGN STRATEGIES THE DESIGN & PROCESS PROJECT VISION.
(4) Context and Problematics. CONTEXT AND PROBLEMATICS DESIGN CONCEPT. 1 . TRADITION | TABOO. 2 . FEAR OF DEATH. 3 . DENSE | LIFELESS | SCARCITY OF SPACE. 4 . REMOTENESS OF FUNERARY FACILITIES. 5 . POPULATION SUFFERING FROM DEPRESSION. SITE SELECTION DESIGN STRATEGIES THE DESIGN & PROCESS PROJECT VISION.
(5) 死. death | dead.
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(10) RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION IN HONG KONG. 46,100 55,000 9% 91% 5% 95% 52,000 deaths in 2016, estimated. in 2016. burial and. estimated. cremation. burial and. meaning. deaths in average in coming 20 years. cremation,. cases of cremation in coming 20 years. 6 214,332 4*+23** 23,728* 6 217,411* crematoria. niches (9,115 vacant niches as at June 2015) in. 8*+140**. cemeteries for coffin burial (3 for indigenous villagers),. a total of. 55% No religion 14% 14% 7% 5% 4% 1% . Buddhism Taoism Protestant Catholics Muslim vHinduism. note: figure of 2014 by Government of HK. exhumation after. coffin burial spaces (8,178 spaces vacant as at June 2015). years and re-burial or cremated. urn burial spaces (38,052 spaces vacant as at June 2015). 3 11*+2**. designated waters for sea scattering gardens of remembrance for scattering of cremated ashes. note: *public **private. columbaria.
(11) METROPOLITAN AREA. O SITE AIRPORT. O TSIM SHA TSUI O CENTRAL. N. 5 km.
(12) N 100 200. 500m.
(13) Hong Kong. Oslo. 7,346,700. 658,390. 1000 100 5. 1,105.7km2. 480km2. 126 deaths per day. 46100 deaths per year. 4.75 times 20%. 6,644 / km2. 1,400 / km2. affecting 6 persons. 57,360 / km2. (Norway) birth. 60800. 59000. death. 46100. 40700. 8.3%. 6.4%. 11.4%. 7.9%. 9220 of the bereaved still suffer from depression 1.5 years after the death of the loved ones. 55320 persons suffer from depression. 5 deaths per hour.
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(15) Design Concept. CONTEXT AND PROBLEMATICS DESIGN CONCEPT. THE CEMETERY-PARK CONCEPT URBAN AREA FREQUENT VISITS. SITE SELECTION DESIGN STRATEGIES THE DESIGN & PROCESS PROJECT VISION.
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(19) KAI TAK. Kai Tak a rare supply of land in metropolitan area of Hong Kong. site selection for the first “cemetery-park” in urban area! N 100 200. 500m.
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(27) 1887. N 1km.
(28) 1924. N 1km.
(29) 1945. N 1km.
(30) 1967. N 1km.
(31) 1976. N 1km.
(32) 1996. N 1km.
(33) Kai Tak. N 1km.
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(37) surface water. major salt water supply. major fresh water supply. watershed. sub-watershed. stormwater drains. underground channel to improve water quality N 500m. water depth in every 5m.
(38) walking distance from residential (in diameter). 500m. 1000m. 1500m. N 500m.
(39) Primary | Secondary | Tertiary Networks. flatland. sloppy. MASS TRANSIT RAILWAY. to Shatin. Di. am. on. d. PROPOSED MONORAIL Hi. ll. to Kowloon. an aW Kw To. Kowloon Bay. k Ta i a K. Ng. au. W ha. Tau. Kw u. nT on. Ko k. g. to Tseung Kwan O. m. po. a. o Ya. Hung Hom. to CBD. n To. HIGHWAYS TUNNELS MAIN ROADS. T Tun ate’s C nel & H airn igh wa y. to Shatin. g. to Hong Kong Island. private cars | buses | minibuses st. to Kowloon (CBD). ce. d ar w Ed. ad Ro. Ea. in. Pr. to Tseung Kwan O. Kai Fuk Road & Tunnel. Kw u. un. Kw. nT ong. Ro ad. ng To ss. pa By. e Ts. g. sin ros. to Hong Kong Island N 500m. ng. u. Ea. rn ste. C ur. o. rb. Ha. l&. ne. an Kw. O. n Tu. y wa gh. Hi.
(40) LANDMARKS | ATTRACTIONS. Government | Institution | Community proposed sports complex ZCB zero carbon building Open Space proposed Metro Park Kwun Tong Promenade Commercial Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Kowloon Bay International Trade & Exhibition Centre Government | Institution | Community. Telford shopping centre Major Land Use in Kai Tak. Residential Commercial | Industrial. N 500m. Open Space. apm (shopping centre) Megabox (shopping centre).
(41) landmarks in neighbouring districts. N 500m. disconnections.
(42) synergy of landmarks bringing liveliness. N 500m. site within a network of landmarks.
(43) fire station. H. H. al. os. l. pi. er ci. ta. ta. m. pi. l. C om. os. H. os. pi. ta. l SITE.
(44) Gamle Aker kirkegård (Old Aker Church) Oslo. Igualada Cementery Barcelona. Kai Tak Project Hong Kong. Vår Frelsers gravlund Oslo. Isola di San Michele Venice. Vestre Cementery Copenhagen. Vestre Cementery Oslo. Woodland Cementery Stockholm. 28,168 m2. 44,560 m2. approx. 80,000 m2. 84,856 m2. 168,680 m2. 540,000 m2. 980,000 m2. 1,186,424 m2.
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(48) CONTEXT AND PROBLEMATICS. Design Strategies. DESIGN CONCEPT NATURAL BURIAL. SCARCITY OF SPACE. JOURNEYS. LIFELESS. OPENNESS. FEAR OF DEATH. SITE CHARACTER. DISCONNECTION. SITE SELECTION DESIGN STRATEGIES THE DESIGN & PROCESS PROJECT VISION.
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(50) first time visitor the bereaved. revisiting mourners. local residents. tourist one-time visitor. JOURNEYS | ROUTES.
(51) room. permeable fence. semi-enclosed. open. reflect / escape. burial place. companion / gather. relief / leisure. OPENNESS | PRIVACY.
(52) link disconnections. accessibility from mass transit railway and proposed monorail. SITE CHARACTERISTICS. lines of sight best view points. path of sun and wind monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate.
(53) CONTEXT AND PROBLEMATICS The Design & Process MOOD PAINTINGS JOURNEYS. DESIGN CONCEPT SITE SELECTION DESIGN STRATEGIES. HUMAN PERSPECTIVES. THE DESIGN & PROCESS PROJECT VISION.
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(56) loss chaotic noisy. directional reduce confusion mark a passing. symbol of hope peaceful. embrace sadness solace | private honour the death. soothing landscape dialogue interactions. escape remember | reflection. JOURNEY OF THE BEREAVED’S FIRST VISIT - TREE BURIAL. reconnect strength regain focus.
(57) loss chaotic noisy. ENTRANCE PORTAL. FRANGIPANI POND. directional reduce confusion mark a passing. symbol of hope peaceful. TRANQUIL PATH LEADING TO BURIAL FOREST. embrace sadness solace | private honour the death. CONCEPTUAL SECTION. LAWN. soothing landscape dialogue interactions. OBSERVATION TOWER. PROMENADE. escape remember | reflection.
(58) journey1 FIRST TIME VISITOR TREE BURIAL. journey2 FIRST TIME VISITOR SEA BURIAL. journey3 LOCALS.
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(60) loss directional chaotic visible noisy reduce confusion mark a passing. set off long journey. simple rituals embrace sadness solace | private. settling accomplish reconnect regain focus. grounded strength clearness. JOURNEY OF THE BEREAVED’S FIRST VISIT - SEA BURIAL. soothing remember reflection encouraging.
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(62) chaotic noisy. gorgeous harbourfront enjoy sea breeze embrace the nature. lush greenery relaxing landscape trees and shades lawns and activities. JOURNEY OF THE LOCALS. adorable flowers strength encouraging.
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(65) Entrance Plaza [Tree Burial]. Entrance Plaza [Sea Burial]. Tree-shade Parking. Portal. Bridge of Remembrance. Shops [Florist] Cafes, Offices Back of House Incinerators for sacrifice/incense. Frangipani Pond. Promenade Seating. Flower Offering. Tree Burial Forest & Lawn. Pier [Sea Burial]. Gardens. Meditating Hillock. Connecting Bridge [to Kai Tak runway]. Promenade Entrance Plaza.
(66) ENTRANCE PLAZA [TREE BURIAL]. PORTAL. FRANGIPANI POND. TREE BURIAL FOREST & LAWN. MEDITATING HILLOCK.
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(73) BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. PIER [SEA BURIAL].
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(79) in meters above Principal Datum 4.50. Ground High Tide Middle High TIde Middle Tide MEAN SEA LEVEL Middle Low Tide Low Tide Sea Bed. gorgeous harbourfront enjoy sea breeze embrace the nature. 2.34 1.95 1.38 1.23 0.71 0.35 -0.50. lush greenery relaxing landscape trees and shades lawns and activities. ENTRANCE PLAZA. ARDEN. High Tide Middle High TIde Middle Tide MEAN SEA LEVEL Middle Low Tide Low Tide Sea Bed. PIER. PROMENADE. CAFE. BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. TREE BURIAL FOREST AND LAWN. GARDEN. lush greenery relaxing landscape trees and shades lawns and activities. adorable flowers strength encouraging. PROMENADE. skullcap. balloon flower. Hong Kong Camilla. buddha’s lamp. symplocos sumuntia. Hong Kong Pavetta. papery daphne. Corniculate Cayratia. in meters above Principal Datum 4.50. Ground. 2.34 1.95 1.38 1.23 0.71 0.35 -0.50. ENTRANCE PLAZA. PROMENADE. PIER. BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. WATERS. soothing encouraging. grounded strength clearness. remember reflection. settling accomplish reconnect regain focus. B gorgeous harbourfront enjoy sea breeze embrace the nature. skullcap. balloon flower. Hong Kong Camilla. C. buddha’s lamp. white cogongrass. C. SECTION A-A. 500m. N. B. Hong Kong balsam. Chinese Silvergrass. Pier and the Sea. Leisure Walk. SCALE 1:400. Hong Kong burmennia. SECTION C-C. SECTION B-B. g Main Axis. N. adorable flowers strength encouraging. N. SCALE 1:400. SCALE 1:400 500m. 500m. symplocos sumuntia. Hong Kong Pavetta. papery daphne. Corniculate Cayratia. able flowers trength couraging. ENTRANCE PLAZA. R ER ER. milla. PROMENADE PROMENADE PROMENADE. High Tide Middle High TIde Middle Tide MEAN SEA LEVEL Middle Low Tide Low Tide Sea Bed. buddha’s lamp. BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE OF OF OF REMEMBRANCE REMEMBRANCE REMEMBRANCE. in meters above Principal Datum 4.50. C. white cogongrass. C. PROMENADE. PIER. BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. WATERS. soothing encouraging. grounded strength clearness. remember reflection. settling accomplish reconnect regain focus. Hong Kong burmennia. Hong Kong balsam. High Tide Middle High TIde Middle Tide MEAN SEA LEVEL Middle Low Tide Low Tide Sea Bed. Chinese Silvergrass. SECTION C-C. Pier and the Sea N. SCALE 1:400 500m. 2.34 1.95 1.38 1.23 0.71 0.35 -0.50. TREE TREE TREE BURIAL BURIAL BURIAL FOREST FOREST FOREST AND AND AND LAWN LAWN LAWN. GAR GA GA. white cogongrass. Pier and the Sea SCALE 1:400 directional reduce confusion mark a passing. symbol of hope peaceful. N. 500m. ENTRANCE PLAZA. gorgeous gorgeous gorgeous harbourfront harbourfront harbourfront enjoy enjoy enjoy sea sea sea breeze breeze breeze PROMENADE embrace embrace embrace the the the nature nature nature. PIER. PROMENADE. PIER. embrace sadness solace | private honour the death. High Tide Middle High TIde Middle Tide MEAN SEA LEVEL Middle Low Tide Low Tide Sea Bed. TREE BURIAL FOREST AND LAWN. PROMENADE. PIER. PIER. PROMENADE. CAFE. BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. TREE BURIAL FOREST AND LAWN. GARDEN. lush greenery relaxing landscape trees and shades lawns and activities. adorable flowers strength encouraging. fragrant litsea. adorable adorab adorab stren str str encou enco enco. Chinese red pine. in meters above Principal Datum 4.50. Ground. PORTAL. soothing landscape dialogue interactions. PROMENADE lush lush lush greenery greenery greenery relaxing relaxing relaxing landscape landscape landscape BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE trees trees trees and and and shades shades shades lawns lawns lawns and and and activities activities activities. ailanthus. ENTRANCE PLAZA. Chinese Silvergrass. Hong Kong balsam. SECTION C-C. Corniculate Cayratia. FRANGIPANI POND. Hong Kong burmennia. C. loss chaotic noisy. ENTRANCE PLAZA. soothing encouragingTREE BURIAL FOREST AND. C. 2.34 1.95 1.38 1.23 0.71 0.35 -0.50. ENTRANCE PLAZA. ne. PORTAL. CAFE CAFE CAFE. Ground. in meters above Principal Datum 4.50. Ground. FRANGIPANI POND. 2.34 1.95 1.38 1.23 0.71 0.35 -0.50. ENTRANCE PLAZA. PROMENADE. PIER. BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. WATERS. soothing encouraging. grounded strength clearness. remember reflection. settling accomplish reconnect regain focus. skullcap skullcap skullcap skullcap. balloon balloon balloon balloon flower flower flower flower. Hong Hong Hong Hong Kong Kong Kong Kong Camilla Camill Camil Cami. A B loss chaotic noisy. directional reduce confusion mark a passing. symbol of hope peaceful. embrace sadness solace | private honour the death. ailanthus. soothing landscape dialogue interactions. fragrant litsea. escape remember | reflection. gorgeous harbourfront enjoy sea breeze embrace the nature. skullcap. Chinese red pine. balloon flower. Hong Kong Camilla. C. buddha’s lamp. white cogongrass. C SECTION A-A. N. 500m. terminalia. sweet gum (maple). buddhist pine. A. N. B. N. SCALE 1:400 symplocos sumuntia. TREE BURIAL FOREST AND LAWN PORTAL PORTAL. Hong Kong Pavetta. papery daphne. terminalia. Corniculate Cayratia. grounded strength clearness. soothing encouraging PROMENADE FRANGIPANI FRANGIPANI POND POND. C C. Chinese Silvergrass. SCALE 1:400 500m. 500m. soothing encouraging. TRANCE ENTRANCE PLAZA PLAZA. Hong Kong balsam. Pier and the Sea. Leisure Walk. SCALE 1:400. Hong Kong burmennia. SECTION C-C. SECTION B-B. Night View along Main Axis. grounded strength clearness PIER TREE TREE BURIAL BURIAL FOREST FOREST ANDAND LAWN LAWN. white cogongrass. soothing encouraging. Hong Kong burmennia. remember reflection. sweet gum (maple). remember reflection. buddhist pine. symplocos symplocos symplocos symplocos sumuntia sumuntia sumuntia sumuntia Hong Hong Hong Hong Kong Kong Kong Kong Pavetta Pavetta Pavetta Pavetta. PROMENADE PROMENADE. Hong Kong balsam. Chinese Silvergrass. papery papery papery papery daphne daphne daphne daphne.
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(82) T1. S1. T2 S2L3 L1 L2 T5. T3 T4L4. JOURNEYS OVERVIEW. T6L6 L5. tree burial sea burial local intersections. L7 S3 S6 S5. in bird’s view. S4. out of Kai Tak to designated waters for sea scattering.
(83) T1. L1. S1. Brother said that we wait at the tree burial entrance... so here it is.... What a busy city... so much noise and chaos....
(84) T1 Brother said that we wait at the tree burial entrance... so here it is....
(85) T2. Let’s get some flowers for Dad. He may like this chrysanthemum....
(86) What a beautiful Frangipani!. Yes, it will have flowers soon, in summer. I remember it has a symbolic meaning of HOPE.... Hope... that’s poetic. Does it lose leaves in winter?. Yes, it’s deciduous. Like a cycle... Like life.... T3.
(87) T4/L4. So this is where father’s ashes will stay.. Yes. Nice to return to nature..
(88) TREE BURIAL. Cremated ashes are sent to the roots of the trees through precast tubes embedded around the designated trees. Cover plates of the tubes are marked with index numbers.. Goodbye Dad.... T5.
(89) T6/L6. I couldn’t imagine we can bring our dog to a “cemetery”.. Yes, because the ashes are deep in the soil. Nothing can be digged out. This makes the park 24-7 too.. How do you find this park? I told you it doesn’t look like a cemetery. See?. What do you prefer, sit under tree shade or lie down, or keep walking?. I don’t know... Maybe it’s good to lie down here... together with other people.. Yes, it’s just like a park. Any park. No scary dark corners, unlike traditional columbariums....
(90) S1. What a busy city... so much noise and chaos....
(91) S2/L3. BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. Gravestones are made from transparent plates with epitaph engraved in paint. Strong overhead sunlight in Hong Kong will occasionally project the epitaph onto the ground.. After some decades, my grandchildren will still know about how life was in the good old days from these projections.. What a nice promenade walk!. Some of the epitaphs are beautiful stories of the departed....
(92) SEA BURIAL. Ferries take mourners to the outskirts of Hong Kong, where the cremated ashes are scattered at designated seas.. S3.
(93) S4. Goodbye Dad! You’ll be missed....
(94) S5. It’s a cemetery over there! Let’s walk another route.. Really?! Not scary? um... ok, let’s have a look.. Hey why do we make a turn here?. Did you bring packed lunch today? Fancy a “picnic”? In the cemeterypark? Haha. Why not? Finally we have a continuous promenade!. No no... it looks purely like a park. Don’t panic.. Yeah :) No need to jog between industrial buildings.. Hey do you know that is both a cemetery and a park?. Oh... We are late. The water taxi has left! Nevermind. Let’s sit down for a cup of tea or coffee.. Yes... a typical example of multipurpose use in this tiny city!.
(95) S6. Let’s walk along the promenade. Which way do you want to go, ground or up on the bridge?. Um, shall we sit down over there for a while?.
(96) Oh what a sudden rain! Good to have a shelter here.. Yea... It’s always rainy in Ching Ming Festival... Spring shower in the grave sweeping festival.... S7.
(97) L1. Yes. There’s quite a fresh breeze today.. What a nice view on the hillock!. L2. L5. S2/L3. BRIDGE OF REMEMBRANCE. Gravestones are made from transparent plates with epitaph engraved in paint. Strong overhead sunlight in Hong Kong will occasionally project the epitach onto the ground.. After some decades, my grandchildren will still know about how life was in the good old days from these projections.. What a nice promenade walk!. Some of the epitaphs are beautiful stories of the departed.... T6/L6. T4/L4. I couldn’t imagine we can bring our dog to a “cemetery”.. Yes, because the ashes are deep in the soil. Nothing can be digged out. This makes the park 24-7 too.. How do you find this park? I told you it doesn’t look like a cemetery. See? So this is where father’s ashes will stay.. Yes. Nice to return to nature.. What do you prefer, sit under tree shade or lie down, or keep walking?. I don’t know... Maybe it’s good to lie down here... together with other people.. Yes, it’s just like a park. Any park. No scary dark corners, unlike traditional columbariums.... L7.
(98) PROJECT VISION life east intimate resting forest mourners notable burials. death west park of openness locals memories of an era.
(99) Year 0 the first cemetery-park in hong kong M|F B M L. M|F B M L E. 80|86 |||||||||| |||||||| ||. Life expectancy [Male|Female] Burial Mourners Locals Education.
(100) Year 10 public acceptance M|F B M L. M|F B M L E. 85|90 |||||||| |||||||||| ||||||||||. Life expectancy [Male|Female] Burial Mourners Locals Education.
(101) Year 20 gravestones fully occupied M|F B M L. M|F B M L E. 100|105 |||| |||||| ||||||||||. Life expectancy [Male|Female] Burial Mourners Locals Education.
(102) Year 50 burial function diminishing M|F B M L. M|F B M L E. 130 || ||| ||||||||||. Life expectancy [Male|Female] Burial Mourners Locals Education.
(103) Year 100+ nobody dies as technology advances M|F indefinite B M L |||||||||| E |||| M|F B M L E. Life expectancy [Male|Female] Burial Mourners Locals Education.
(104) PROJECT VISION prototype development extension.
(105) after death a multidimensional peace of mind. I would like to dedicate this thesis to The Hungs. Vicky.
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