Den kommunale skolen
Det lokale skolefeltet i historisk perspektiv Anne Dåsvatn Homme
Avhandling for graden doctor rerum politicarum (dr.polit.) Institutt for administrasjon og organisasjonsvitenskap
Universitetet i Bergen
Juni 2008
Forord
!
" #
#
$ %&
' ( )
# *
( )#
+ , - .
/ #
' (
( - * /
!0 #
, + #
#
# 1 2 #
.
# 3 3
' (
. / #
( .
4 *
5 6 7 5 / 02 #
#
# ( / 1 7
/ 1 7 . 7
# '
8 1 / 2 / 5 # . #
#
# '
# ) 5
*
3 3 #
# / (
5 # .
Sammendrag
/ ;
* #
* #
- &<=:
9:::>9::& & 9
*
3 - 3
)
*
# +
2
#
+
/
*
*
# . #
+
#
Innholdsfortegnelse
. ?
?
/ ; ?
=
7 <
<
+
" &&
" &9
@ &=
* &<
. &
2 9:
. 9:
. 9:
9?
0 9%
" - 9=
9<
* # ?&
7 - ?%
?
/ ?
+ %&
A - %&
+ %?
. %%
" # %B
%=
2 %=
- %!
! "
# $ $ % ""
. BB
/ 0 BB
B<
2 0 # B
7 =&
) =B
* # =!
C !:
A C !?
C !%
) !=
* C # <%
C <B
) <!
* # <
C ?
7 0 ; !
C &::
) &:?
* # &:B
C &&9
$ &&!
&&<
+ &9&
/ ; &9?
& % $ % % '! "
" $ % $ (
. &9!
) &9
) &?:
4 &?&
, &??
1 &??
&?=
&?!
1 &%:
) C + &%&
7 C 2 &%=
) C &B9
+ C # &B=
1 # &=:
2 &=:
2 # &=&
2 # &=?
1 &=?
) * % )(
. &=!
&=
&!9
) &!B
&<:
&<9
&<9
&<?
&<%
# &<B
) C ) # &<=
7 C # &<<
) C & &
+ C * & B
& !
7 & <
7 &
( % % $ + 9&:
7 9&:
* 99?
4 99%
. 99B
* 99B
Figurer og tabeller
) &C ?9
&C @ #
%9
9C . %%
?C # & ! B:
%C ) - B&
BC ) &!
) 9C &<&
/
(
#
#
#
*
7 &!? &<=:
)
@
D) & <C9=E
# D
& < CF 9<9 E
/ ;
)
#
1 #
*
# +
#
* # .
#
/
.
+ #
. 31 3
?::! :! 1 + C
# + 0 G
2
A #
1
.
D4 & 9C<E 1 #
1
D( & <!C??%E 1
,
D5 & !!C?&<E + D ?9:E
D ?&!E
1
# 3
3 ,
C
#
# D) 9::!C&=<E
,
#
# H
, # ;
) ,
# 2
D /# & BE .
# .
,
+ #
#
) .
A
)
.
# #
. #
)
5
5 # #
# + 9B:
0
# &<=:
#
( #
&<&% " #
#
.
9B: 4
@ # #
(
# #
# #
+
+ )
A
+ #
.
#
(
+ #
+ #
# C
& #
)
,
#
. #
"
#
#
* #
. #
# ,
&2 # +
#
# . #
#
D 4 E 7
+ # + D5 / + 9::&E
4 D/ , / 9::&E
# * #
#
.
# +
. A
.
(
#
7
( 0
)
# 7
+
9 #
#
#
5
D 1 & ?C?9: 2 9:::C&?E 2
,
& 9 # 1
0
(
#
#
*
+
D/ & ?E 2
#
!
D, - / & <I , - & E # !
" D/
9::? 9::%E " # $ # # % & $
$ ! D/ # / 9::= 9::! / # 9::!E .
+ 2 A #
# .
# #
& 9
( # #
# "
.
! +
#
#
/ #
D( - & !<E D2 - & : ) & B 7
& <E D, - & B & E +
* 0.
( 0 # D( & <!E
/ 5 D5 & !!E .
D5J- 9::9E # D 1 & ?
& ! 5 9::&E
- D * 9::: * ) 9::B
* 1 9::BE
. *
0 #
#
&<::0
) #
D4 1 & !
4 9:::E )
# D" # & & 9::%E
0 ,
& 9
7 #
+
# #
+
#
+ #
. 0
(
,
#
"
#
/ #
&<?! D + & =<E
)# & =:0 (
. '
* 4 ) - - 1
# D4 1 & !E ) #
D
5 & !! 1 & &E #
#
( - *
# D* & < E 7
D
4 & 9 / +# & !E D 1 & =B
* & < E D & =E
)
@
0 +
D 9::: C?=E + & <:0
/
D+ & ?E
D 5 D E& ?E
. #
*
1
D) & & ) & = 9::? / & !E
D) 1 9::?E )
#
D 9::: E . #
"
( +
/ .
# . 4
# # 1
. 9::%
C
D E
DA 9::%C9E
@ 4 & ?<
D ).E / 2 .
# & 99 #
& =< / (
@ # & !9 #
" D %E A @ 5
.
. 9::%
& 9::! # @ 5 #
9::%
).
/
# 0 0
& !:0 #
7
& !:0<:0
. #
D & E
D* 5 9::%E
DA 9::%E
D &<E
) C
4
/
D & =! & << /#
& !&E +
5 #
D /
& <: 5 & <% 5 & <% , & ! 1 & E
D) & <C9=E
D7 & = )
& <E
D 9::: C?<E
+ & :0
) D 9::? 9::=E )
. &::
- &<<: & :0
D/ # & 9::% "
, - 9::BE
4
1 * & $
( * # + D ,E # . #
0
# D1 9::9 9::=E . 2
2 - 0
& <:0 D 5 & ? K & < " L M9::9 9::?E 2
1
#
# (
# D 9::& / # / 9::=E
'
0 D* 5 9::%E
7
D & =! & <<
/# & !& , 9::9E . , D9::9E
* 4 D& % & % & ! 9::BE ,
D . 9::% 1
D E 9::%E 1
D E
)
3 - 3 D,# & = 9::%
,# ) 9::= , & ! + 9::=E 7
) & !:0
# D+
& !B & ! # 9::? 1 9::% E #
#
#D A 9::%C&!9E
7 7
/
D/ - 9::9
A 9::%C&!9E ) & !:0 &:09:
/
)
0 0
? 2
# D+ & !B & !
# 9::? 1 9::% E
2
#
" 1
, D1 & ?E 6 2
D2 9:::E
.
@ #
D / 1 & !=E
D + & 9 + 9::%E .
D 9::=E # D 9::9
/ 9::%E D/ #
9::= / # / 9::=E
D & 9 ) & B & ) 9::=E
+ 1
1 #
+
2 #
# #
5 #
# # *
. 0 #
?)
*
+
#
2 #
7
7
2
2 #
# ) #
. #
A #
) D4
9:::E
) # #
# )
# /
# #
4
"
2
* . )
0 . 9
)# #
#
/
1 ?
/ 1 -
. .. D %E
1 %
9::! .
#
# 1
0 0
B = # ...
/
. #
/
. B
.
# ; . =
+
# . !
#
! "
. # *
)
( 0 #
*
/
) #
D+ N 9::=C%:9E )
0 2 L 8
37 - 8 2 - 7 5 7 - + 0" 3
D & &E
,
/
# 2 - #
D 1 & ? & = & ! L 9::&E
)#
/
.
0
.
#
.
0
,
D+ - 9::BE ,
# D &90&?E 2
* #
# #
# # 7
D E H #
# .
# ,
.
/ #
)
D & < E D(
9::&E # +
)
.
/ # #
1 * + + K + -
D + & 9 9::? + -
9::BE 2
D
+ & 9E . - $ . ! . % - # /
# # #
D 9::?C9&&E . +
+ -
A
D E
# # D
1 & <<E + -
D+ - 9::BC<E ( #
0
D 0 - E 2
#
#
D9::?E + - D9::BE
D E # D E
D 9::?C9&?E 2
7
7 #
D L E 2
# +
3 3 4
1 #
4
/ H
#
D E
.
#
#
* #
#
2 #
4
#
D+ - 9::BC& ?&E )
/ ; / #
; ' #0 D 9::?C9: E
# #
*
D E D+ - 9::BC<0 E 1 *
)
#
,
#
D/
& BC=&E
#
+ # +
#
0 /
2 ; .
; 4
; * .
$
# %
.
( * +
&<&%0& =% D+ 9::9E #
&<&% &<<% * &<<%0& ?B>%B
& =:0 +
* D &&E +
+ +
+ , D+ & <E +
( +
C * * +
& !:0
+ & !:0
)
#
2
;
A +
( 2
; , #
; .
;
) #
)
O/ L .
2 . 8 / - * 3
C
. - -
- L - -
- - L L L - D
9::?C99?099%E
"
. 0
% &
)
1 #
/
D & &C&E . ' # % ! 2 L 8
D & &E ( 0
A
# # D ?E ,
D =E 5
# /
# ; /
# # ; .
;
#
/
( # #
# # 0 %
.
# #
, # D =E
( #
#
0 # D %9E +
( #
#
%7 / / 1 D9:::E &<9C /
C
. *
#
D5J- 9::9
) * 9::9C&!E
.
# #
#
B
/
.
# ,
) #
/
; .
#
' (
/ 3 - 3
# ,
D5 N 9::?C9&099E #
5 N 5 ( D E
- )
# & :0 - ,
5 ( D& <E -
B
" -
" -
, -
- & :0
-
" + D& <E -
) * K
-
D & !E .
- D & = & ! + & <E
D & ? 1 - & !E D1 & ?
1 A & ?E= " -
" - 0
#
D1 & ? & !E ) -
( #
D+ & < E! 1 +
- C
3" - /
- #
# --
5 - - #
+ -
- # -
3 D+ 9::9CBE<
+ - #
F (
- # # (
" # #
6* L K ( , 1 - 2 0/ 1 ( ) , 1 ( 1
, A 3 - * 3
7 8 - + D+ & < E
8 + 1 D& ? 9B:E ( D& < 9 E
+ -
#
/
#
0 D1
& ? & !E " - # #
# D1
& ?E
-
#
( # D E
# #
# # #
( #
-
H
A #
# 5 # #
D+ & < C99 5 9:::C&:?E 2
# /
#
#
* 5
D5 & B 5 9::?E
# # +
. 5
) "
#
( #
3 0 3 , 5
5
,
#
7 D5 & !!C?& E
.
+
7
# +
D1 & =BE 3 3 D5 & <E .
2 D &E
#
#
# )
.
. 7
# #
D7 &:0 D7 !EE /
.
0
7 #
7
# #
#
@ #
* 0. (
D5 & <9C&%! ( & <!C&9E
( C 3,
/ ,#
#
# 3 D( & <!C&9E 5
C # 3 3
5 )
( H
#
# #
# > #
+ #
# $ $ #
#
* #
#
# ( #
, D
+ & < 1 & ? & = & !E / #
D & =& 7 L & =%
( & <!E + #
2 #
*
& :0
* #
#
# # A
#
*
#
) A *
# D* 9:::E
) &
9::! )
* # #
#
A #
# # @
#
# * # 0
#
* # #
, % $
Regjering Storting
Nasjonale foreninger KS
Fylkesmannen/
Utdanningsdirektøren
Utdanningsforbundet/
Nasjonale lærer-/skolelederorganisasjoner Skoleleder
Lærere Elever
Samarbeidsutvalg/
Brukerstyre Kommune
Politisk utvalg
Skoleforvaltning
Foreldre
Lokale foreninger Lokalsamfunn Nærings-/Arbeidsliv Media
Kunnskapsdepartementet Utdanningsdirektoratet
* # # C
#
* # 0
* #
#
#
+ #
+ >
) #
+ 1 @
) # 1+
D 0 E
#
#
/ ; /
; +
&<=:0 # #
D/
& BE
3 3 7
+
# ,
#
D+ & < + # 9::=E
, .
# #
&<::0
7
2 #
#
+ 1
) D& E # #
,
# .
.
# #
)
, I
#
# )
# # & %<
# 7 #
# D/ & 9C9! E #
#
+
4 #
+
+
# & =
+ D) & <E . & 9
#
. # .
/
B .
. =
) (
) #
-
- -
(
P
D & !C=%E ,
,
# 5 +
-
" -
0 #
D & !CB&0B9 + 9::9CBE
# #
#
@ +
D4 & <%C?BE ,
# #
. #
@ #
( #
#
#
# + #
' #
. # *
# D & =&E 5
, 0
D L / E
A
# +
#
#
# . 2
7 L D& =%E 7 L
5
# 7 L 7 L
D7 L & =%C=<< E 7 L C
# #
@ 7 L
)# 7 L
-
#
7 L
# .
; 2 #
; / # ;
,
- + #
- #
. $
#
#
-
-0 D & !E
D/ # / 9::? / 9::?E * #
D & !E )
#
#
. #
#
#
, # # (
* +
$
. # #
* #
#
. #
* #
(
#
( #
- -
- DQ 9::?E C
- D) & & .. 9!E
+
.
#
# - .
.
* ...
B =
,
"
)
2
0 /
# A
#
D+ - & <BE +
/
#
+
D + - & <BE A
2 D
9::BE + #
# +
# A
D E 2
#
#
1
( (
D & &% & B & =!
& << /# & !& / & <: & : , & ! ( 9::& ,
9::&E D/ & 9 9::% " D , - E 9::BE
, # #
D5 & <% 5 & <% 2 & <B 1 & E #
D + # & < E . #
D5 & !! ) & < , - 9::9 E /
# )
D+ & =<
& <! " # & & ) 9::% 1 & =B , - 4 9::%E 2
& :0 1@7 D1 0
E D/ & B & = /# & B , & B 5 #
& !E #
) - /
#
( # -
2 -
D) & &E 8
# 9::: 9::& 0 #
H # -
# D ) & &E
. # - # #
#
A -
( # - %::: :::
1 3 3 D?:::0< E )
+ 3 D) 1 D E 9:::E + #
#
#
1 # D
E &:)
&:5 3 3 #
9BR #
'
#
#
0 - D) & & . &B:E )
- -
# # A
- #
# C) 1+
) * 1 0
)
0 - &
#
' & $ $ $- % $
6
+ 7
) 7
4
, ) +
1 #
C +
# 9BR
) 1 9:::C) 3
A
& 9 A
6 #
2 #
+ # #
# # ,
# # 1 #
7 #
# #
A # @
#
# # .
C !
2 !
) (
#
# D/ 9::? 9::%E 2
9::?
.
# #
# -
+
) -
1 0+ 0 * D14+ *E + D++5E
- *
D 4@ E ) (
- .
.
. # +
7
# #
2 # # 5
# # + #
/ #
.
# & 9
)# C
.
9
' % $
) 7 ) +
• D&E
• 7 0
D&E
• @
D E D&E
• D?E
• * 0 D&E
•
D&E
• D&E
• 7
D&E
• + D&E
• D%E
• . # D&E
•
7 D&E
•
D9E
• D&E
• 7 0
D&E
• 4 D&E
• D%E
•
D&E
• • 4 #
• 4
• A >
D?E
•
D&E
•
7 D&E
• 7 DBE
• ) D&E
< && < &%
) #
# D, - & E
*
. .
# (
#
/
" #
( %& .
D1 & !E .
# (
# ! "
.
- %B - 9 /
#
.
#
" #
) 7 #
9::: . ) 9::& + # 9::&
. # -
( #
#
D 1 & !E
* # +
D C ) 1 9::?E )
,
#
D
* 9::9C&%E
2
.
.
*
#
* #
# 4 #
4
#
.
# -
, # #
- )#
#
2 -
D& !E
#
@ -
( # -
+ - #
1
#
# #
#
A #
@
#
+ #
# ,
#
* -
,
- D
1 & =E , -
$ (
+#0 - %::: *
# 5
1 #
# # 9:::
D, - 9::9E 0
+
0 4 1
#
+ #
&&1 7
1 0
5 0
9:
A A
# & # *
0
' <::: ::: ) +#0
# # 9::: 1
5
+ # !
# 9::: A
@ 1 #
1
* +
#
#
@
# @ 7
# 1 #
D # 9:::E
& 0% B 0!
@
*
3+# 3 3 3
# 1
- %::: A 2 0
)
:0 # #
# .
0 D E , # # /
3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 , :0
34 3
0
7 0 0
# , 7
) )
0 .
& =:0
9:
9::&
#
6 - <::: #
#
1
:0 2
1
A > 0
0
#
# # .
D
4 E ) #
D E 4 #
1
+
5 D & 0! E
/
@
*
* +#0 ) )
# 5
7 + # ,
+ # 7
? # D)
9:::E
' . - % % ( $
$ / $ % %
* * *
0 0
* 7 0 7 0
D&:::
E
D&:::
E
0 "
) !B &% = ?< % B& & :&= 9 ?& B< ! <B! ! &! ?
7 & ! 99 ! ?! & &::: :: 9 &9 9 =<& % % 9? <
) <B &% ?& ? B< ? :&% 9 :9 B! : <B& < !9 9:9
+ &! 9& % ?% < :% :: & <! ?? !9 % ! 99 &
" &?! &! % ?= & !? & :&9 9 :9 %B < !=! = 9 9&
?
# C
. ) )
. 7 + %
&9
' # , $ % 0
,
14,,@ 2 ) 7 ) +
* ? ? ? 9
* @ 4 2
D4 >
@ E
7 + + 0 4 A
4 +
/
/
@
%
+ ) #
B =
- , # %
&9 # & 9
#
.
(
,
#
/ ;
/ 0 0
; / #
; /
9B: (
&?
B =
; / ;
/ 0
+ # .
D + & 9 9::?E (
0 - D E
D 9::?E
.
D E * D+ - 9::BE
+
D E 2
&?5
,
# + &
4 2 ,
#
# .
+
D/ # / 9::=E
+ D E
D & 9E
#
, D & &E
#
0
#
/
#
0
4
&%
)
&% D/
D 9::: E *
# ,
I
.
# #
# *
# D ( & <! 9E #
#
( #
2
#
@
# 2 # #
# (
C D E
D E D E #
# )
# /
# #
#
5 #
#
# #
+ + $
# # 0
. # #
#
1 .
#
# .
> * (
! A
4 #
( ( * +
&<&% D+ 9::9E @ .
+ +
D+ & <E +
&<&% &<<% * 2
2 # 4 # &<<%
# + ,
#
A D+ & =?E
D+ & <E A #
A / * & %: +
D E * C
F 3 + - - 3&B *
# 1
D) ) 9::&E *
0 + 9:0?:
9: ?:
1 .
# / #
"
, #
+ /
;
# &
/ 0
/ # ; /
; /
; 4 # ; ( #
&B + - - & 9:0 #
#
DLLL - F E
&=* C / & <! , 9::& , - 9::9 6
# # &!?
# &<&%
+
# +
/
#
&!::0 . &!? # .
C
) D & :E
/
&! 0
, ( 3 53
# )
+ +
) #
# 2
7
D & :E 4
# D+ # & < E .
# .
D & =!E , &<&%
&! +
# + #
/ ;
! *
D+ 9::9E ,
&<&%
&<
2
#
7 #
&<?! &<=: * #
# &<::0
) &<B:0
4 &<=:
# #
D" # & &E
# . +
+ #
3 3 3 3 3 3 D) & <!E
7
" &<?!
& 7 #
" 4
&<+ # 3 3 &<?:0 0%:0
C 32
3 3 G C &<&%0 #
0 3 D &! + & <E
& 7 ) 7 5 - 8 0* C
+ - + &% ( &<?!
)
7
H
D) 9::%CBBE
D/ & <!C%? & <!E
# )
) #
0 +
D5 9::&E 4 ,
* D+ & =<C%?0%%E *
# #
# 7 #
#
#
. +
#
, # #
#
) &<=: 9:
2 C
7
9&
,
+
# )#
# 4
C 3+
- #
- - STU A
-
# # #
3 D &<%< !%= /
& <!C= E
# )
1 #
#
# # &<=:
# 5#
) #
# # #
+ G #
3 3
3 3 D 4
9& # 1 &<&
&<B >=: 9:& / & <!C <E + ,
5 .
# .
3 3
99
. &<%< #
*
&<=: &<%< D
& &%E
, 3678 #
9? 7
7
3 # 3 3 3
+ # #
+
, 9%
# 2
* )
# *
7 #
?: )
9B ,
#
4 #
. #
995 # &<::0
D & &%E
9?7 * 7 &= , &<=:
9%+
# +
7 # . #
@
# &%0&B
7
2 #
# 2
&<!%
. D & &%E
#
2 #
,
* #
A #
.
# &<&%
2
)
.
&<=:0 / +
#
+
#
+ ) &<=:
#
# +
/ #
# ,
#
# # 3 3 D + 9::9E
# D & <!E
.
# .
#
#
. # # @
9= )
#
9! 2 &<!B #
+ # # #
# 9<
) #
+
5 , &<=:0
# D, & !E + #
9=* # #
# (
9!2 4
9</
) . # / D& <!E
# + #
# &<=:0
3 # # 3 D, - 9::9 C&=E
D & &%E
# #
2
# 7#
* #
/ # ; /
; / ;
2
# 1
# , #
)
#
# # ,
# C #
1
# &<!
)
)
# .
9
, # )
&<&=
+ #
# ) &<=:
4 , #
# 7
#
7 #
7
7
?: 7
# 0 A #
7
C
3* P
P $
3 D/ & BC&:<E 7
7 #
D/ & B & =E 5
9 , #
# # # # &<B:0 +
# # &<BB 1 &<B! 5 &<=& &<=9
# # #
# # # A
# . 1 #
&<!: &<!<
@
# &<::0
?:7 )
# # 1
@ #
9:R &<B% <:R &<!:D, - 4 9::%E 7
?&7 # 7
# *
&<=:0 &<!B #
D, - 4 9::%E
2
# ?9 1 #
3 3 D
& &%CB&E 3 3 * #
+
4
# #
) #
#
??
@ #
* #
5 4
# # "
# #
?&2 @
2 #
# D & B E
?9+ ,
DV!? 7 * 7 &= , &<=:E
??2 2 &<::0 #
7
3 3 +
D ( & :E
. # # 7
?%7
C
D
& <!E ?B 7
#
C
/ # ; .
/
; + #
#
2 / &<=:
C
3T #
3 D/ & <!C BE
#
#
1
+ # #
+
?%7 #
D/ & BE &<!:0 #
# ,
7 #
,
# +
# ?=
D/ & <:E . #
5 0
1
?! 1
.
#
1 #
,
# /#
1
# 1
/ +
#
# #
@ 5
# D & =!E 4
C
37 # #
# 3 D & =!C9:!E
?=+
0 # #
# ?=% &<?< B?? & :: =%: & 9:D/ & <!E 1
&::: & ::
#
?! C 0 0
#
4 / D& &%E
. #
" #
#
,
,
*
$
D E 1 #
1 0
#
2 & ?=
2 C
+ #
C
# 5 #
# 1
D 3 3
" # & & 9::%E )
D / 9:::C9:=E
2 7 #
*
# #
$ ( 7
#
+ #
*
2
#
+ #
+ #
+
+
1 #
7 7 #
#
D E ) #
1
/ ; .
; /
; . &<<% # A
A
&<=:0 H #
A
C
* . #
# #
# 3 3 .
C
A
#
D+ 9::9E
#
&<< ?<. 1
& 9& # & 9:0 ?:0
# & ?<
) #
&<< +
# H
,
4 G
D, - 9::9 E ,
)
. +
2
1
# D # E
+
+ &< :
? , #
7
#
* #
# #
.
1
# 4
%:
# 9B
DVB?E D, 9::&E
& 9&
# # 7
2
#
D 4@ & :C&?E # & 9:0
+ 9:0 #
#
# #
# ,
* & 9? & 9<
. & ?<
#
D E A
D, - 9::9 E . # - B:
1 & ?<
? 7 &% &< : + # 7 7 )
%:+
# # & ?:0 #
& %:
)
) # #
# & 9:0 #
0 1
#
#
) &<< #
# +
# )
I # #
,
# #
1
# # # / &<<:0
D/ & <% , - 4
9::%E # &< : & 9:
D & & , - 4 9::%E #
& 9:0
#
C D
& <!E + #
#
1 ,
# # )
+ +
+
+ # 0
0 4
%& )
+ #
# # #
#
2 # #
2
#
* #
A # +
# D& =!E
/ ; 2
G
)
D, 9::&E )
# .
1 # 0
)
+
# & &!
# 2 +
%&+ #
) &<!
4 # #
@
#
&<::0 . # &<::0
#
$ # D / & BC E
7
%9
7
3 3 7
# D
& B E 5
, #
# # %?
%96 #
. # #
# ) &<<
# D, 9::&E )
0 .
)# & &?
1 D/ & ?E
%?7 # ,
# 5
# 7 # # #
. # ,
D , & BE 1 &<%:0
# &<=: I
5 #
&<%< #
7 &<=:0
,
* &<!:0 1
1 #
# D/ & ?E D, -
4 9::%E%% 7 A
%B &<!B #
D, - 4 9::%E 7
D E ,
5 # #
D E %=
7
0
D & <!E A
D+ & < 9:::E
5
7 #
D/ & BE 7
7
# / D E
7
%%7 #
.
#
# 5 3
3 &<<
%B. 1 &<<B * $ #
+ 0 * # * *
C 3/
3 * 9%? D& =!E
%=, #
, & &!
# ,
# 2
%! ,
7 #
D/ & =E 7 #
D/ & BE
) #
&<=:0
#
#
@
# 7
# 7
. 7
C #
# )
C
H #
D, - 4 9::%E @
+
@ #
%!5 #
5 # 5
&<=!0!% &<!? . ?:: ?:
::: * ) # 9:::: A
# &<!: &<=< &<!: &<!? ,
&<=:0 # # #
1
+ )
# #
1
" # D" # & &E )#
.
/ #
A
0
# ,
#
# 4
+ +
*
* 4
1 0 & &%C
3. #
3 D & &%C?&E
4 . &<=:0
# ,
#
# D, - 9::9 E
+ #
0 2
#
+
#
,
& &&
C 3T
-
#
* # #
3 D2 & && & , - 9::9 C9BE
4
1
3 3 &:0&% 6
# 1
7
) #
#
D & =!E 5 +
&<< 0
# . #
A ) #
#
) *
&<<:0 # D & <!E
#
, . &< :0
D2 7 # 9::?E +
#
, # & 9:0
# # D & << /
& 9E ,
#
# 2
7
# D, - 9::9 E 7
1
# #
7 7
7 #
7 D/ & ?E
4
# %<
"
&< 9
,
# #
D/ & 9E
+ .
7 # C
@
A
+
+ D& <C&?:E #
+
%< .
D, - 9::9 E
A #
# )
# .
+
+ #
# .
* #
#
# ) #
+ #
7 7
7
# )
# 7
C A
+ #
# /
# # #
/ 7
/
# & 9:0 # 4
#
D+ & <E 4
% * & ??C 3/ 3
"
A
# D, & ! , 9::&E
6
# D & <!EB: * )
/ ; /
; /
;
C
1 # & ?< & B% & ?<0
1 & 9& #
# # #
#
+ #
. C
& ?= # & B% & B
& =
) &<< # & ?=
& ?=
% 5 5
2 & && 1
) #
& 9:0
2 5 * #
,
1 & 9! 4 "
" # & :% " #
& 9!
5 & ?:0 2
* .
D ??: +
& <E 2
B:)# & &&
B&. ' + & B%
# G #
+ 4 2 & B%
# # D7 < & B%
# ) & <E ) #
) #
# # 1 0
+ #
# #
D/# & !&E /
) # # . # #
1 0 ) # D) & <E
# +
1
# 5 & B 0 & =
# #
, 0 & B%
# & B + & B #
* & ?=0
B9 7
7 #
7 +
7 & =: & B 0
, #
$ B?
* #
B&7 &= & ?=
B97 &: & B
B?* &<<& 3 3
) &<< 2
# #
7
D, - 9::9 E
, & = # B%
#
BB ,
@
# C
#
7
)
*
@
# ) & ?=
# # , #
3 3
# D, - 9::9 E .
B%7 &? & =
BB2 #
# ) & =?
#
D, 9::&E
2
#
# D2 & <BE +
# # ,
. #
5
1 D E
4
4 # & =:0
/ / #
#
- #
#
D EB= ) & !:0
.
> 7 #
+ #
# # #
. #
1
D, - 9::9 E +
#
+ # #
) # . #
#
B=1 0 &::
1 # D !
D5 & <%E + #
+ #
+
#
D2 & <BE .
) # #
,
1 0 #
* #
2 ) #
1
* #
#
; # & ?=
& B , # D
E
#
, & ?=
# B! ,
. & B
+
,
&<!
B!+ #
/ & =:
#
D, 9::&E
#
, D9::&E
#
4 )
# 0
D) & <E #
,
+ & B
*
D, - 9::9 E ,
# & B 0
+ #
# #
# !
D/ 9::?E
& ?=0
,
# 1
$
D, 9::&EB< )# & & ?
# #
#
# #
0 .
# B #
.
# @
B<. & %B & B # # 9& & R &::R +
& B 7 #
D) & <E
7 # & B #
#
# A
#
D, 9::&E=:+
. #
* # & ::0 =&7 #
D/ & 9 " , - 9::BE
# #
,
& %< #
D/ & 9E ) & B +
DH & <!E
. # )
#
#
2 +
@
*
#
=: )
# # #
=&. & &:>&& <B=? & &: & B:
&&::: &9::: & B:0 # & B >=:
&B !%: D + / E
D & <E 2
@ #
.
# #
+ & !:0
# .
# DH & <!E #
#
+ & ?= # &<<
, 0
0 # C
3 # ,
# 3
D, 9::&C?:E
) . # & ?=
+
# ? DVB:E
#
D,
9::&E & ? =9
& B 0
> # #
D, - 9::9 E
& B
) #
# )
+
#
+ #
C
/
; / #
; 2
# D, - 9::9 E
7 & ?=
A
# ,
D, 9::&E
) # # #
# # D5 & <% 2
& <B + # & < 1 & E + & B
#
+ ) # #
#
#
D2 & <BE +
& B:0 0=:0 C
3 #
# $ 0
#
3 D, 9::&C%?E
+ # /
# # + #
D1 & =BE=?
#
0
# 0 # . # .
# D1 & E
D2 & <BE .
# / , + 5 #
# 5
# D5 # & !E
# 5
#
1 &:
#
# ,
, 1 0
+ #
+ 1
#
=?1 D& =BE #
# #
#
1 5
2 #
& =:0 #
* #
* #
2 5 #
1 #
7 #
# , #
# + #
# 1
+
#
# ) #
1 0 #
@
@
7 *
4
+ )
# + #
)
# ,
+ & B
. #
+
A #
#
# ) #
# 7
# ,
# D 1 & =BE
.
, #
@
D+ & <E H
,
2
D) 9::% ) 9::%E
,
# +
1 #
1 0 7 #
2 # #
# #
#
/ @
C
# @
.
# #
#
*
0 1
#
1 #
# , #
"
) - -
1 D& =B & <<E
) & 2
4
/
& !:0 #
* #
+
D / +# & !C%%E
. , D& <E +
4
# +
+
3 3 3 3 *
& <:0 D
& + 9::?E
D & ! 8 7 9::& 9::9 9::% +
2 9::9E # # #
A & !:0 D+ 9::%E , -
+ & ! @+* & <&
4 # 0
@+* 2 0 & <& #
1 K - .
#
# 3 L - , 3
D ,E ) & <:0 #
# #
1
D1 & ? " , - 9::BE
D & %E D) & &E
) #
#
1
0 D2 - & =E .
# # # 0
0 1 #
D2 9::&E ,
. # , - L D& !E 8 / D& E A
0 0
. #
# D
) 9::%E 5 #
D( 9::: 5 - 9::: / # +
9::%E DA 9::%E
D/ & =E
) 5 0
)#
+ #
# D1 & ?E
D
1 9::9 9::?E ,
*
D, 9::&E / #
4
+ D& <E
& :0
" /
, D9::?E
! D !E +
#
# D 2 9:::E
D
. & ! / 9::& 6 9::&E 7 +
D+ 9::=E
1
# D1 & &E * #
1
# & !:0
D4 * 9:::E +
# D) 9::%E
#
.
& :0 1 & 9 4 & < 1
# 4
D7 !E
7 C # # / #
; 2 #
; / # #
; 2 # ; @
; # #
C
& !:0& 9
)
& <B C
+ , #
& <=
7
7 # #
.
& <! 3 3
& 9 #
. 1
# 0
# D1 & &E
7
) # #
I
D5 & <! & ?E )
1 # #
4
D4 B D& 90 ?EE 7 #
1
1 #
#
+ +
+
,
D !E & ! 4
C !
. + %:
D& 90 ?E
# &:0 D7 !E 7 !
0 D"
1 & < 5 9::&E *
# D+)4E
) #
D+ %: & 90 ?E
* 0
=%.
@ 0
=B 9::B ,
0
# 4
" 9
& 7 !
4
! +
)
> D4 %= D& !0
<EE== 1
D2 9:::E 1 0
@ 4
7 !
1
. 9::? 9::% )
# =! #
# # # 2
)
=%1 ) & #
! 3 3 D
&<!0&<< ) & E
=B) & & 9::= 1
==7
9::?=<
@ )
7 # 9::% 2
# 2 ) # #
9::=!:, # 9::B 35 ..3
3 # 0 # 3 +
1 # 7
0 #
#
)
.
.
( #
# 0
) # # )
0 )
D14+ *E!& " D"+.E!9
. & <= #
#
D5 & ?E #
D/ +# & !E
@
.
D &&!E!?
=< 4@ 9::9C &:
= + ?:D9::?09::%E)
!:1 # 7
!& C>>LLL > >
!9 C>>LLL L > >
!?+ 1 0 C" C>> >
#
, #
4 * D9:::E # #
/ ; 4
# 1
D1 & &E )
#
# D) 9::%E , #
# #
# .
.
#
0
6 # D L & !
( 9::: 8 9::9 / # + 9::%E /
; 1
C 3)
#
3 D+ ?! & :0 &E
. # 6 2 D9:::E
) #
D/ # 9::& 9::% " , - 9::BE .
& <9 & 9 ) #
D& <9E " D& 9E + # D& 9E
4 ) #
" , ) #
1 0
+
+ #
.
# # )
D1 & E
# #
D/ # + 9::%E +
) 9::? #
# 0
5 0
#
# D/ #
/ 9::=E . 9::%
@ 1 #
4 @
+ 14+ * "+.
/ .
, 6
# #
) ,
# #
# C
#
* #
7 # 0 0
"
& <:0 D 9::% " , -
9::BE 4 C
3) #
# 5
.
4 # STU @
STU 4
#
7 3 D 9::%C?B?E
, # # .
,
)
#
# *
#
#
# #
# / # #
; ( #
#
#
/ # ; )#
#
#
D4 & !9 , - 4
D E & ! E ) & 9
.
#
D+ & ?E 2 #
# /
# 2
"
7 # @
>
>
*
4 +
,
.
1
( .
3 3
C
# +
2
#
3 3
! @
# 4
4 #
# 0
/
0 ,
.
.
4
+
, D 0E
3
#3 3 3
D1 # 9:::>9::&E
3@ 3 3 G 3
3 G 3
2
/ ; . /
D/ E
0
D 9::: E 2
. # +
#
#
1 ,
# ,
#
+
#
$
.
# 4
+
#
+
4 1
/
$ /
> G
,
) #
. & < & * #
> &:9
)#
3 3 3 3 ,
3 #3 3 3 3 3 3 3
D 9 > <E
#
4
.
4
# ) 9::%
3 3 D = / 9::? 9::%E
' & <:0
+
D" , - 9::BE & 9
D E
# (
. 9::%
#
7
#
#
# ! 5 #
#
D+)4E # )#
# @
0 +)4 D
& ! / # / 9::9E " 5
0 D5 & E +
#
)
.
D)@"E
@ )@"
&
D1)@E 1)@ 0
0 1)@
#
# !%
)@" # )
D)*@E D+@E
!% + LLL
)
#
) #
!B
/ # ;
#
# ,
D 4 & !9E 4
>
#
#
A
1
,
) #
#
#
#
#
!=
C
#
# & 9
!! !< 7
!B+ +
2
- D 1 & <E
!=/ #
2 &B
#
# #
# /
#
/
# *
#
D E
. 0
. 4
# #
# )
# . +
>
4
!<7
4 #
7 )
+
3 3 # ) + ! & ? 2 #
7
* ) / 5 5 / # 7
D & & ?E
# +
,
7 7
7 /
#
+
# #
4 0
# #
0 #
# # 2 )
9::! 7
%:
5
# D7 &% 9::!E 1
*
@
C
4 #
#
1 #
/
; 1
1 #
+ # #
)
# @
/
# +
+ @ #
#
# A .
1 & 9 #
)
D) & <C&B%E 1
# #
* #
#
, !
# # #
,
0
#
2
#
+ #
7 ! # # # #
+ #
) 4 # #
4
1 #
7#
#
) #
# )
/ 0
.
D 8 , - & !%E
#
)
#
"
# 4 #
# #
#
/
B
& :0 = . B
# #
#
/ # #
. =
1
#
3
. # 9B:
/
A )
+
/
/
; /
;
*
D 9::? + - 9::BE
D & &E / #
.
,
*
4 #
0
+ &!::0
+ # &::
&!? 5
# .
"
"
7
+
#
+ # .
#
, # #
) #
> ,
#
#
5
@
# #
1 # #
A # 2
# +
#
#
#
/ ; #
+ 3 3
2
# *
, #
+
+ #
+ 6
# @
# #
2
5 #
, 4
# 2
+ #
1
$ 2
0
@ # 2
.
0 #
#
+ #
. #
#
# . #
#
7# #
+
#
# *
@
# .
2
/ #
A
#
# + #
+
) )
# )
. #
+ #
2
4 #
+
#
@
# # , & 9
#
* #
+
+
+ D& =?I 9::9E; 7
#
. #
( # C
/
#
5 @
#
. #
3 3
+
#
3 3
#
2 # & <=
# #
,
@
+ #
# 2
#
) 0
&<?!
@
# . & B
0> & <:0
1 & 9
#
4 @
G 2
7
.
3 3 # 7
& B
+ & !:0
# 0
& 9 2
. =
# C ; /
;
/ ;
. 9B:
2
4
D+ - 9::BE .
2
C #
* & ?B )
& ?=
0 *
2
A
* +
2
D
& % 5 # & !E 5
# & 9 #
& < /
#
#
7
#
#
.
; /
# ;
+ #
. ; /
; 2
; 5 ;
" - #
# ,
# #
# #
> 1 #
#
. B
# .
; /
; 2
; 1 =
/
;
;
4
+
D5 9::&E!
+ 4
D & &
) 9::!E +
#
*
+ +
D) 9::!E 1 & 9
1 #
# 2
# #
# D & &E
+ # * 07 )
Q ) + &2 *2
0 D) 9::!E 1
#
# #
! 5 D9::&E
) #
D E
0
# #
.
; /
; 2
; 2
; /
; .
( # +
#
/ .
,
D 2
& <% & < 2 - & : + & ? + 0* & , - 9::9E
&E 2
9E 2 #
?E 2 #
#
# 9
, ?
# / #
#
#
1 C #
1 A #
-
, # & 9
#
5
/ ; @
#
) #
D & &E *
#
#
# # #
D 2 - & : E A
# .
# D2
& <%C?? ?BE .
4
.
3 3
#
1 6
#
" %
0
# A
& 9 +
* # .
; 2
; .
;
#
/ ; /
; .
; 1
)
D2 & <%E
L - , D ,E
,0 C 0
> ,0 #
0
D6 9:::E 2 # )
3 3 +
D 5 & E ,
# # # D6 9:::E
1 ,
# #
1
4 ,
# +
,0 #
D+ 0* & E @
,0 # #
)
# 5
D E D E #
#
#
)
#
4
2
#
1 +
# + #
+
D7 9::? / + 9::%E 1
4
.
2 #
+ #
# H
D+- & %C<BE +
# .
# #
2
,0
# D+ 0*
& E # +
0
D %E / #
#
3 3
+ #
+
@
/
#
; /
# ;
#
5
% #
# #
# #
* #
+
# #
/ # #
;
5 - #
1 #
/ D5
& <&E
1
1 #
#
# #
1
# #
1 C
