A Bibliography on the River Nile Vol. II
Literature Published 2000-2006
Terje Tvedt and Eirik Hovden
A Bibliography on the River Nile Vol. II Literature Published 2000-2006
© Terje Tvedt and Eirik Hovden 2008.
All rights reserved.
ISBN 978-82-7453-075-1
Publisher
BRIC Press 2008, Bergen.
Unifob Global, University of Bergen, Norway.
Nile Basin Research Programme, University of Bergen, Norway.
Printed by 07, Oslo.
Cover Arkikon
www.arkikon.no
A Bibliography on the River Nile Vol. II
Literature Published 2000-2006
Terje Tvedt and Eirik Hovden
Contents
Introduction ... 3
Flora, Fauna and Fisheries... 5
Political and Cultural History ... 20
Physical Characteristics ... 26
Health... 40
Projects and Reports ... 43
Travel and Exploration ... 57
Water Use, Water Management and Environmental Issues ... 59
INTRODUCTION
This book is an update of Terje Tvedt’s The Nile. An Annotated Bibliography, published by IB. Tauris in 2004. That bibliography listed books and reports published before year 2000 and had almost 4000 entries. This bibliography registers literature on the River Nile published between 2000 and 2006. We have in general not included books discussing different aspects of the global water issues, although they may briefly deal with the Nile issues. The reason is that these books very seldom bring forth new empirical knowledge.
The material has been sorted according to the categories used in Tvedt 2004: Fisheries, Flora and Fauna, Political and Cultural History, Physical Charachteristics, Health, Projects and Reports, Travel and Exploration, Water use and water management. There is one exception to this rule: The “Flora and Fauna” and “Fisheries” categories have been combined in the present volume. Each category is then sorted alphabetically according to author and year of publication.
In addition to the Nile related libraries and archives that are listed in Tvedt (2004), the following libraries were visited:
Library of the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt, Nile Basin Initiative Library, Entebbe, Uganda,
Makerere University Library, Uganda,
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Uganda, Archives and library of the Ministry of Irrigation, Wad Medani, Sudan,
Archives of the Permanent Joint Technical Committee for Nile Waters, Khartoum.
Library of the University of Khartoum,
Library of the Ministry of Water Resources, Ethiopia.
Several public offices in Egypt, Uganda and Sudan were also visited in search of literature and reports and to enquire for further suggestions.
Internet library catalogues have also been used via standard search engines such as
“Article First”, “ISI Web of Knowledge”, “WorldCat”, and “Google Scholar”. Regional internet library catalogues as the Egyptian Library system, the Makerere University Library, Uganda and the Nile Basin Initiative Library, Entebbe, Uganda were also consulted.
The material listed here consists for the most part of published theses, articles and books.
The section on “Plans and Reports” also lists unpublished reports. In such cases we have, where it has been possible, given information about where the reports can be found.
Terje Tvedt and Eirik Hovden Bergen, December 2007
FLORA, FAUNA AND FISHERIES
A.A. Abdallah, 2006. Organochlorines and PCBs in Tilapia zillii from Lake El-Manzala, Egypt. Chemistry in Ecology 22(3): 219-224.
Eyualem Abebe, Jan Mees and August Coomans, 2001. Nematode communities of Lake Tana and other inland water bodies of Ethiopia. Hydrobiologia 462: 41-74.
R. Abila, M. Barluenga, J. Engelken, A. Meyer and W. Salzburger, 2004. Population- structure and genetic diversity in a haplochromine cichlid fish of a satellite lake of Lake Victoria. Molecular Ecology 13(9): 2589-2602.
D. A.. Al-Bassel, 2003. A general survey of the helminth parasites of fish from inland waters in the Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Parasitology Research 90 Part 2: 135-139.
T. P. Albright, T. G. Moorhouse and J. McNabb, 2004. The rise and fall of water hyacinth in Lake Victoria and the Kagera River Basin, 1989-2001. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 42: 73-84.
M. M. Ali, 2006. Shoreline vegetation of Lake Nubia, Sudan. Hydrobiologia 570: 101- 105.
P. A. Aloo, 2003. Biological diversity of the Yala Swamp lakes, with special emphasis on fish species composition, in relation to changes in the Lake Victoria Basin (Kenya):
threats and conservation measures. Biodiversity and Conservation 12(5): 905-920.
Santa Maria Asio Asio, 2003. Distribution and abundance of macro-invertebrates in Murchison Bay - Lake Victoria. Department of Zoology. Makerere University. Kampala.
N. Azza, P. Denny, J. van de Koppel and F. Kansiime, 2006. Floating mats: their occurrence and influence on shoreline distribution of emergent vegetation. Freshwater Biology 51(7): 1286-1297.
N. Azza, F. Kansiime, M. Nalubega and P. Denny, 2000. Differential permeability of papyrus and Miscanthidium root mats in Nakivubo swamp, Uganda. Aquatic Botany
67(3): 169-178.
J. S. Balirwa, C. A. Chapman, L. J. Chapman, I. G. Cowx, K. Geheb, L. Kaufman, R. H.
Lowe-McConnell, O. Seehausen, J. H. Wanink, R. L. Welcomme and F. Witte, 2003.
Biodiversity and fishery sustainability in the Lake Victoria Basin: An unexpected marriage? Bioscience 53(8): 703-715.
Henk Beentje, 2003. Felicia fischeri (Asteraceae) Refound in Northwest Tanzania.
Novon 13(4): 403-404.
A. M. Beeton, 2002. Large freshwater lakes: present state, trends, and future.
Environmental Conservation 29(1): 21-38.
William A. Berggren, Khaled Ouda, Ezzat A. Ahmed, Nageh Obaidalla and Khaled Saad, 2003. Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Wadi Abu Ghurra Section, Upper Nile Valley (Egypt). Micropaleontology 49: 167- 178.
L. Bienen, 2005. Water hyacinth may affect schistosome-bearing snails. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3(4): 185-185.
N. Bouton, 2000. Progressive invasion and allopatric speciation can also explain distribution patterns of rock-dwelling cichlids from southern Lake Victoria: a comment on Seehausen and van Alphen (1999). Ecology Letters 3(3): 166-169.
N. Bouton, F. Witte and J. J. M. Van Alphen, 2002. Experimental evidence for adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a rock-dwelling cichlid fish from Lake Victoria. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 77(2): 185-192.
L. Bracchini, A. Cózar, A. M. Dattilo, S. A. Loiselle, A. Tognazzi, N. Azza and C. Rossi, 2006. The role of wetlands in the chromophoric dissolved organic matter release and its relation to aquatic ecosystems optical properties. A case of study: Katonga and Bunjako Bays (Victoria Lake; Uganda). Chemosphere 63(7): 1170-1178.
D. K. Branstrator, L. Mwebaza-Ndawula and J. P. Montoya, 2003. Resource-consumer
G. Brown, B. Berger and M. Ikiara, 2005. Different property rights regimes in the Lake Victoria multiple species fishery. Environment and Development Economics 10: 53-65.
Ray Bush and Amal Sabri, 2000. Mining for Fish: Privatization of the "Commons" along Egypt's Northern Coastline. Middle East Report (216): 20-45.
G. N. Bwanika, L. J. Chapman, Y. Kizito and J. Balirwa, 2006. Cascading effects of introduced Nile perch (Lates niloticus) on the foraging ecology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15(4): 470-481.
Linda Campbell, Sylvester Wandera, Robert Thacker, D. Dixon and Robert Hecky, 2005.
Trophic Niche Segregation in the Nilotic Ichthyofauna of Lake Albert (Uganda, Africa).
Environmental Biology of Fishes 74(3-4): 247-260.
L. M. Campbell, R. E. Hecky, J. Nyaundi, R. Muggide and D. G. Dixon, 2003.
Distribution and food-web transfer of mercury in Napoleon and Winam Gulfs, Lake Victoria, East Africa. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29: 267-282.
L. M. Campbell, R. E. Hecky and S. B. Wandera, 2003. Stable isotope analyses of food web structure and fish diet in Napoleon and Winam Gulfs, Lake Victoria, east Africa.
Journal of Great Lakes Research 29: 243-257.
K. L. Carleton and T. D. Kocher, 2001. Cone opsin genes of African cichlid fishes:
Tuning spectral sensitivity by differential gene expression. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18(8): 1540-1550.
K. L. Carleton, J. W. L. Parry, J. K. Bowmaker, D. M. Hunt and O. Seehausen, 2005.
Colour vision and speciation in Lake Victoria cichlids of the genus Pundamilia.
Molecular Ecology 14(14): 4341-4353.
Lauren J. Chapman, Colin A. Chapman, Frank G. Nordlie and Amanda E. Rosenberger, 2002. Physiological refugia: swamps, hypoxia tolerance and maintenance of fish
diversity in the Lake Victoria region. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133(3): 421-437.
L. J. Chapman, C. A. Chapman, P. J. Schofield, J. P. Olowo, L. Kaufman, O. Seehausen
and R. Ogutu-Ohwayo, 2003. Fish faunal resurgence in Lake Nabugabo, East Africa.
Conservation Biology 17(2): 500-511.
M. de Graaf, P. A. M. van Zwieten, M. Machiels, E. Lemma, T. Wudneh, E. Dejen and F. A. Sibbing, 2006. Vulnerability to a small-scale commercial fishery of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) endemic Labeobarbus compared with African catfish and Nile tilapia: An example of recruitment-overfishing? Fisheries Research 82(1): 304-318.
Z. Desta, R. Borgstrom, B. O. Rosseland and Z. Gebre-Mariam, 2006. Major difference in mercury concentrations of the African big barb, Barbus intermedius (R.) due to shifts in trophic position. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15(4): 532-543.
P. D. Dijkstra, O. Seehausen, B. L. A. Gricar, M. E. Maan and T. G. G. Groothuis, 2006.
Can male-male competition stabilize speciation? A test in Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fish. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59(5): 704-713.
P. D. Dijkstra, O. Seehausen and T. G. G. Groothuis, 2005. Direct male-male competition can facilitate invasion of new colour types in Lake Victoria cichlids.
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 58(2): 136-143.
M. El-Bana, A. H. Khedr, P. Van Hecke and J. Bogaert, 2002. Vegetation composition of a threatened hypersaline lake (Lake Bardawil), North Sinai. Plant Ecology 163(1): 63-75.
A. S. El-Gendy, N. Biswas and J. K. Bewtra, 2006. Municipal landfill leachate treatment for metal removal using water hyacinth in a floating aquatic system. Water Environment Research 78(9): 951-964.
Monier M. Abd El-Ghani, 2000. Floristics and Environmental Relations in Two Extreme Desert Zones of Western Egypt. Global Ecology and Biogeography 9(6): 499-516.
E. F. El-Halawany, 2002. Characterization of the Wetlands Habitat Alongside the Fish Farms in the North Nile Delta, Egypt. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 5(5): 626.
Masresha Fetene and Erwin H. Beck, 2004. Water relations of indigenous versus exotic tree species, growing at the same site in a tropical montane forest in southern Ethiopia.
Trees: Structure and Function 18(4): 428-435.
A. C. Fiumera, P. G. Parker and P. A. Fuerst, 2000. Effective population size and maintenance of genetic diversity in captive-bred populations of a Lake Victoria Cichlid.
Conservation Biology 14(3): 886-892.
F. Fritzsche, A. Abate, M. Fetene, E. Beck, S. Weise and G. Guggenberger, 2006. Soil- plant hydrology of indigenous and exotic trees in an Ethiopian montane forest. Tree Physiology 26(8): 1043-1054.
G. Fryer, 2001. On the age and origin of the species flock of haplochromine cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 268(1472): 1147-1152.
K. Gebrehiwot, B. Muys, M. Haile and R. Mitloehner, 2005. The use of plant water relations to characterize tree species and sites in the drylands of northern Ethiopia.
Journal of Arid Environments 60(4): 581-592.
E. A. Ghabbour, G. Davies, Y. Y. Lam and M. E. Vozzella, 2004. Metal binding by humic acids isolated from water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solm- Laubach: Pontedericeae) in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Environmental Pollution 131(3): 445- 451.
J. Gichuki, F. D. Guebas, J. Mugo, C. O. Rabuor, L. Triest and F. Dehairs, 2001. Species inventory and the local uses of the plants and fishes of the Lower Sondu Miriu wetland of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 458: 99-106.
J. W. Gichuki, L. Triest and F. Dehairs, 2005. The fate of organic matter in a papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.)-dominated tropical wetland ecosystem in Nyanza Gulf (Lake Victoria, Kenya) inferred from delta C-13 and delta N-15 analysis. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 41(4): 379-390.
C. S. Giddelo, A. D. Arndt and F. A. M. Volckaert, 2002. Impact of rifting and
hydrography on the genetic structure of Clarias gariepinus in eastern Africa. Journal of Fish Biology 60(5): 1252-1266.
P. Gikuma-Njuru and R. E. Hecky, 2005. Nutrient concentrations in Nyanza Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya: light limits algal demand and abundance. Hydrobiologia 534(1-3): 131- 140.
A. S. Golubtsov and K. F. Dzerzhinskii, 2003. The African Hillstream Catfishes (Amphiliidae) of Southwestern Ethiopia: The First Report of the Genus Phractura from the Nile Basin. Journal of Ichthyology 43(2): 151-157.
J.S. Goodrich, S.L. Sanderson, I.E. Batjakas and L.S. Kaufman, 2000. Branchial arches of suspension-feeding Oreochromis esculentus: sieve or sticky filter? Journal of Fish Biology 56(4): 858-875.
H. Gouda, 2006. The effect of peritrich ciliates on some freshwater leeches from Assiut, Egypt. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 93(3): 143-149.
K. P. C. Goudswaard, J. H. Wanink, F. Witte, E. F. B. Katunzi, M. R. Berger and D. J.
Postma, 2004. Diel vertical migration of major fish-species in Lake Victoria, East Africa.
Hydrobiologia 513(1-3): 141-152.
K. P. C. Goudswaard, F. Witte and J. H. Wanink, 2006. The shrimp Caridina nilotica in Lake Victoria (East Africa), before and after the Nile perch increase. Hydrobiologia 563:
31-44.
P. C. Goudswaard, F. Witte and E. F. B. Katunzi, 2002. The tilapiine fish stock of Lake Victoria before and after the Nile perch upsurge. Journal of Fish Biology 60(4): 838-856.
B. W. Green, Z. El Nagdy and H. Hebicha, 2002. Evaluation of Nile tilapia pond management strategies in Egypt. Aquaculture Research 33 Part 13: 1037-1048.
S. J. Guildford and R. E. Hecky, 2000. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: Is there a common relationship? Limnology and Oceanography 45(6): 1213-1223.
This article also deals with Lake Victoria.
S. J. Guildford, R. E. Hecky, W. D. Taylor, R. Mugidde and H. A. Bootsma, 2003.
Nutrient enrichment experiments in tropical Great Lakes Malawi/Nyasa and Victoria.
Journal of Great Lakes Research 29: 89-106.
J. Gurevitch and D. K. Padilla, 2004. Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?
This article also deals with Lake Victoria.
R. C. Hart, 2001. Rapid estimation of in situ growth rates of Caridina nilotica (Crustacea:
Decapoda) in Lake Victoria: Description and pilot application of a simple, field- compatible technique. Limnology and Oceanography 46(3): 692-698.
R. C. Hart, L. M. Campbell and R. E. Hecky, 2003. Stable isotope analyses and demographic responses counter prospects of planktivory by Caridina (Decapoda:
Atyidae) in Lake Victoria. Oecologia 136(2): 270-278.
Richard Heckmann, 2004. Special - Along the Nile, Egypt. Recent Observations For Aquaculture Along The Nile And Other Regions In Egypt. Connecticut Medicine 68(7):
447-449.
H. A. Helal, 2006. Decline in zooplankton diversity in the Damietta Branch of the Nile River, Egypt: A comparative study with a 24-year span. Verhandlungen der
Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 29(4): 2068- 2070.
L. Henry and M. A. Kishimba, 2006. Pesticide residues in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) from Southern Lake Victoria, Tanzania.
Environmental Pollution 140(2): 348-354.
S. Hollamby, J. Afema-Azikuru, J. G. Sikarskie, J. B. Kaneene, W. W. Bowerman, S. D.
Fitzgerald, K. Cameron, A. R. Gandolf, G. N. Hui, C. Dranzoa and W. K. Rumbeiha, 2004. Mercury and persistent organic pollutant concentrations in African fish eagles, Marabou storks, and Nile tilapia in Uganda. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(3): 501-514.
A. K. M. Hussein, 2002. Plant Protection - Pests of Caraway (Carum carvi L.) in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Acta Horticulturae (576): 335-340.
Ryan Jonna and Lehman John T., 2002. Invasion of Lake Victoria by the large-bodied herbivorous Cladoceran Daphnia magna. Odata Eric O. and D. O. Olago. The East African great lakes: limnology, paleolimnology and biodiversity: 321-333. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht/Boston/London.
F. Kansiime, M. Nalubega, J. J. A. van Bruggen and P. Denny, 2003. The effect of wastewater discharge on biomass production and nutrient content of Cyperus papyrus and Miscanthidium violaceum in the Nakivubo wetland, Kampala, Uganda. Water Science and Technology 48(5): 233-240.
E. F. B. Katunzi, W. L. T. Van Densen, J. H. Wanink and F. Witte, 2006. Spatial and seasonal patterns in the feeding habits of juvenile Lates niloticus (L.), in the Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria. Hydrobiologia 568: 121-133.
H.J. Kling, R. Mugidde and R.E. Hecky, 2001. Recent changes in the phytoplankton community of Lake Victoria in response to eutrophication. The Great Lakes of the World (GLOW): Food-web, Health and Integrity: 47-65. Backhuys Publishers. Leiden, The Netherlands.
F. Knudsen, P. Larsson and Y.S. Kizito, 2004. Improvement of acoustical measurements of fish abundance in Lake Victoria. Fish. Man. Ecol.
L. Krienitz, A. Ballot, C. Wiegand, K. Kotut, G. A. Codd and S. Pflugmacher, 2002.
Cyanotoxin-producing bloom of Anabaena flos-aquae, Anabaena discoidea and Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) in Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya.
Journal of Applied Botany-Angewandte Botanik 76(5-6): 179-183.
M. Lang, T. Miyake, I. Braasch, D. Tinnemore, N. Siegel, W. Salzburger, C. T.
Amemiya and A. Meyer, 2006. A BAC library of the East African haplochromin cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B-Molecular and Developmental Evolution 306B(1): 35-44.
H. Lung'ayia, L. Sitoki and A. Kenyanya, 2001. The nutrient enrichment of Lake Victoria (Kenyan waters). Hydrobiologia 458: 75-82.
H. B. O. Lung'Ayia, A. M'Harzi, M. Tackx, J. Gichuki and J. J. Symoens, 2000.
Phytoplankton community structure and environment in the Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria. Freshwater Biology 43(4): 529-543.
J. F. Machiwa, 2005. Metals in Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and suspended particulate matter from Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part a-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 40(9): 1809-1822.
A.A. Mageed, 2006. Factors affecting seasonal patterns in epilimnion zooplankton community in one of the largest man-made lakes in Africa (Lake Nasser, Egypt).
Limnologica 36(2): 91-97.
S. A. Mansour, M. M. Sidky, Michael Owor, Tina Hartwig, Andrew Muwanga, Dieter Zachmann, Walter Ecotoxicological Studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Impact of tailings from the Kilembe copper mining district on Lake George, Uganda. Food Chemistry 78(1): 15-22.
W. F. Masifwa, T. Twongo and P. Denny, 2001. The impact of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms on the abundance and diversity of aquatic
macroinvertebrates along the shores of northern Lake Victoria, Uganda. Hydrobiologia 452(1-3): 79-88.
T. Matsuishi, L. Muhoozi, O. Mkumbo, Y. Budeba, M. Njiru, A. Asila, A. Othina and I.
G. Cowx, 2006. Are the exploitation pressures on the Nile perch fisheries resources of Lake Victoria a cause for concern? Fisheries Management and Ecology 13(1): 53-71.
A. Meyer, 2005. Evolutionary biology - Cichlid species flocks of the past and present.
Heredity 95(6): 419-420.
T. M. Moorhouse, P. Agaba and T. J. McNabb, 2000. Recent Efforts in Biological Control of Water Hyacinth in the Kagera River Headwaters of Rwanda. ACIAR Proceedings (102): 39-42.
R. Mugidde, R. E. Hecky, L. L. Hendzel and W. D. Taylor, 2003. Pelagic nitrogen fixation in Lake Victoria (East africa). Journal of Great Lakes Research 29: 76-88.
J. R. Muli and K. M. Mavuti, 2001. The benthic macrofauna community of Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria. Hydrobiologia 458: 83-90.
B.W. Murray, S. Shintani, H. Sultmann and J. Klein, 2000. Major histocompatibility complex class II A genes in cichlid fishes: identification, expression, linkage
relationships, and haplotype variation. Immunogenetics 51(7): 576-586.
F. J. Muyodi, M. S. T. Rubindamayugi and A. K. Semesi, 2004. Effect of water hyacinth
on distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria in sediments of Lake Victoria. Water Sa 30(3): 421-425.
L. Mwebaza-Ndawula, S. B. K. Sekiranda and V. Kiggundu, 2005. Variability of zooplankton community along a section of the Upper Victoria Nile, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology 43(3): 251-257.
M. E. Maan, M. P. Haesler, O. Seehausen and J. J. M. Van Alphen, 2006. Heritability and heterochrony of polychromatism in a Lake Victoria cichlid fish: Stepping stones for speciation? Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B-Molecular and Developmental Evolution 306B(2): 168-176.
M. E. Maan, M. van der Spoel, P. Q. Jimenez, J. J. M. van Alphen and O. Seehausen, 2006. Fitness correlates of male coloration in a Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Behavioral Ecology 17(5): 691-699.
K. J. Nagayi-Yawe, R. Ogutu-Ohwayo, Y. S. Kizito and J. S. Balirwa, 2006. Population characteristics of Oreochromis esculentus in the Victoria and Kyoga lake basins.
Implications for conservation and improvement of the stocks. African Journal of Ecology 44(4): 423-430.
S. Nagl, H. Tichy, W. E. Mayer, I. E. Samonte, B. J. McAndrew and J. Klein, 2001.
Classification and phylogenetic relationships of African tilapiine fishes inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20(3): 361-374.
J. K. Nattabi, 2002. Diurnal vertical distribution and feeding patterns of Rastrineobola argentea and other key-stone fish species in the pelagic zone of Murchison Bay.
International Institute for infrastructural hydraulic and environmental engineering.
University of Delft.
M. Njiru, J. E. Ojuok, J. B. Okeyo-Owuor, M. Muchiri, M. J. Ntiba and I. G. Cowx, 2006. Some biological aspects and life history strategies of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Lake Victoria, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 44(1): 30-37.
M. Njiru, J. B. Okeyo-Owuor, M. Muchiri and I. G. Cowx, 2004. Shifts in the food of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Lake Victoria, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 42(3): 163-170.
Robertson Odong, 2003. The taxonomy, diversity and distrobution of Chironomids of Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria. Department of Zoology. Makerere University. Kampala.
J. Ogari and M. Van der Knaap, 2002. Solarization of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, on Lake Victoria. Fisheries Management and Ecology 9(6): 365-367.
R. Ogutu-Ohwayo, 2004. Management of the Nile perch, Lates niloticus fishery in Lake Victoria in light of the changes in its life history characteristics. African Journal of Ecology 42(4): 306-314.
W. O. Ojwang, L. Kaufman, A. A. Asila, S. Agembe and B. Michener, 2004. Isotopic evidence of functional overlap amongst the resilient pelagic fishes of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 529(1): 27-35.
M. Mohamed Okbah, 2006. Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Phytoplankton Structure in Mediterranean Sea Lagoon, Lake Burullus, Egypt. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 172(1-4): 129-4.
J. B. A. Okello, S. Nyakaana, C. Masembe, H. R. Siegismund and P. Arctander, 2005.
Mitochondrial DNA variation of the common hippopotamus: evidence for a recent population expansion. Heredity 95(3): 206-215.
G. O. Osure and R. P. Phelps, 2006. Evaluation of reproductive performance and early growth of four strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L) with different histories of domestication. Aquaculture 253(1-4): 485-494.
A. O. Owino and P. G. Ryan, 2006. Habitat associations of papyrus specialist birds at three papyrus swamps in western Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 44(4): 438-443.
R. M. Pringle, 2005. The Nile perch in Lake Victoria: Local responses and adaptations.
Africa 75(4): 510-538.
R. M. Pringle, 2005. The origins of the Nile perch in Lake Victoria. Bioscience 55(9):
780-787.
A. E. Rosenberger and L. J. Chapman, 2000. Respiratory characters of three species of haplochromine cichlids: Implications for use of wetland refugia. Journal of Fish Biology
57(2): 483-501.
J. Rutaisire, A. J. Booth, C. Masembe, S. Nyakaana and V. B. Muwanika, 2004.
Evolution of Labeo victorianus predates the Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria:
evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence variation. South African Journal of Science 100(11-12): 607-608.
J. Rutaisire, A. J. Booth, C. Masembe, S. Nyakaana and V. B. Muwanika, 2005.
Morphometric and genetic differentiation of two Labeo victorianus populations in Lake Victoria. African Zoology 40(2): 309-317.
Justus Rutaisire and Anthony J. Booth, 2005. Reproductive biology of ningu, Labeo victorianus (Pisces: Cyprinidae), in the Kagera and Sio Rivers, Uganda. Environmental Biology of Fishes 73(2): 153-162.
P. J. Schofield and L. J. Chapman, 2000. Hypoxia tolerance of introduced Nile perch:
implications for survival of indigenous fishes in the Lake Victoria basin. African Zoology 35(1): 35-42.
J. D. M. Schwartz, M. J. Pallin, R. H. Michener, D. Mbabazi and L. Kaufman, 2006.
Effects of Nile perch, Lates niloticus, on functional and specific fish diversity in Uganda's Lake Kyoga system. African Journal of Ecology 44(2): 145-156.
O. Seehausen, 2002. Patterns in fish radiation are compatible with Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria and 14 600 year history for its cichlid species flock.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 269(1490):
491-497.
O. Seehausen and D. Schluter, 2004. Male-male competition and nuptial-colour
displacement as a diversifying force in Lake Victoria cichlid fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271(1546): 1345-1353.
B. C. Sekadende, T. J. Lyimo and R. Kurmayer, 2005. Microcystin production by cyanobacteria in the Mwanza Gulf (Lake Victoria, Tanzania). Hydrobiologia 543: 299- 304.
Ronald Semyalo, 2003. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in Murchison bay, Lake Victoria. M. Sc. thesis.Department of Zoology. Makerere University. Kampala.
M. S. Serag and A. H. A. Khedr, 2001. Vegetation-environment relationships along El- Salam Canal, Egypt. Environmetrics 12(3): 219-232.
K. H. Shaltout and M. A. El-Beheiry, 2000. Demography of Bassia indica in the Nile Delta region, Egypt. Flora 195(4): 392-397.
G.M. Silsbe, R. E. Hecky, S.J. Guildford and R. Mugidde, 2005. The upper limit of gross phytoplankton production in Lake Victoria, East Africa: Implications for the lake's fishery. 11th World Lakes Conference (ILEC), Nairobi, Poster.
G. M. Silsbe, R. E. Hecky, S. J. Guildford and R. Mugidde, 2006. Variability of chlorophyll a and photosynthetic parameters in a nutrient-saturated tropical great lake.
Limnology and Oceanography 51(5): 2052-2063.
S. Simonit and C. Perrings, 2005. Indirect economic indicators in bio-economic fishery models: agricultural price indicators and fish stocks in Lake Victoria. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62(3): 483-492.
P. Ssegawa and D. N. Nkuutu, 2006. Diversity of vascular plants on Ssese islands in Lake Victoria, central Uganda. African Journal of Ecology 44(1): 22-29.
G. A. Stocchino, G. Corso, R. Manconi and M. Pala, 2002. African planarians: Dugesia aethiopica sp n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from Lake Tana (NW Ethiopia). Italian Journal of Zoology 69(1): 45-51.
C. Sturmbauer, S. Baric, W. Salzburger, L. Ruber and E. Verheyen, 2001. Lake level fluctuations synchronize genetic divergences of cichlid fishes in African lakes.
Molecular Biology and Evolution 18(2): 144-154.
M. I. Taylor, F. Meardon, G. Turner, O. Seehausen, H. D. J. Mrosso and C. Rico, 2002.
Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in a Lake Victorian, haplochromine cichlid fish: a Pundamilia pundamilia x Pundamilia nyererei hybrid. Molecular Ecology Notes 2(4): 443-445.
Y. Terai, O. Seehausen, T. Sasaki, K. Takahashi, S. Mizoiri, T. Sugawara, T. Sato, M.
Watanabe, N. Konijnendijk, H. D. J. Mrosso, H. Tachida, H. Imai, Y. Shichida and N.
Okada, 2006. Divergent selection on opsins drives incipient speciation in Lake Victoria cichlids. Plos Biology 4(12): 2244-2251.
J.-J. Tiercelin and K.-E. Lezzar, 2002. A 300 million years history of rift lakes in Central and East Africa: An updated broad review. Odata Eric O. and D. O. Olago. The East African great lakes: limnology, paleolimnology and biodiversity: 3-60. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht/Boston/London.
C. M. Timmerman and L. J. Chapman, 2004. Hypoxia and interdemic variation in Poecilia latipinna. Journal of Fish Biology 65(3): 635-650.
F. Turon, B. Rwabwogo, B. Barea, M. Pina and J. Graille, 2005. Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from Nile perch (Lates niloticus) head. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18(7): 717-722.
J. H. Wanink and K. Goudswaard, 2000. The impact of Lake Victoria's lakefly abundance on Palearctic passerines. Ostrich 71(1-2): 194-197.
J. H. Wanink, J. J. Kashindye, P. C. K. Goudswaard and F. Witte, 2001. Dwelling at the oxycline: does increased stratification provide a predation refugium for the Lake Victoria sardine Rastrineobola argentea? Freshwater Biology 46(1): 75-85.
J. H. Wanink, E. F. B. Katunzi, K. P. C. Goudswaard, F. Witte and W. L. T. van Densen, 2002. The shift to smaller zooplankton in Lake Victoria cannot be attributed to the 'sardine' Rastrineobola argentea (Cyprinidae). Aquatic Living Resources 15(1): 37-43.
J. H. Wanink and F. Witte, 2000. Rapid morphological changes following niche shift in the zooplanktivorous cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea from Lake Victoria. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 50(3): 365-372.
J. H. Wanink and F. Witte, 2000. The use of perturbation as a natural experiment: Effects of predator introduction on the community structure of zooplanktivorous fish in Lake Victoria. Advances in Ecological Research, Vol 31 31: 553-570.
A. E. Williams, H. C. Duthie and R. E. Hecky, 2005. Water hyacinth in Lake Victoria:
Why did it vanish so quickly and will it return? Aquatic Botany 81(4): 300-314.
F. Witte, B. S. Msuku, J. H. Wanink, O. Seehausen, E. F. B. Katunzi, P. C. Goudswaard and T. Goldschmidt, 2000. Recovery of cichlid species in Lake Victoria: an examination of factors leading to differential extinction. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10(2):
233-241.
POLITICAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY
Tony Allan, 2001. The Middle East Water Question:Hydropolitics and the Global Economy. New York, I.B. Tauris.
S. E. Amer, Y. Arsano, A. El-Battahani, O. E. Hamad, M. A. E. Hefny, I. Tamrat and S.
Mason, 2005. Sustainable development and international cooperation in the Eastern Nile Basin. Aquatic Sciences 67(1): 3-14.
Yacob Arsano and Imeru Tamrat, 2005. Ethiopia and the Eastern Nile Basin. Aquatic Sciences 67(1): 15-27.
John Málek Jaromír and Speake Graham Baines, 2000. Cultural atlas of Ancient Egypt.
New York, Checkmark Books.
O. Odd Erik Berild, 2001. Hydropolitics on the Nile: negotiating the Owen Falls Dam.
MA thesis, University of Bergen.
R. Randy and Niccole Cerveny, 2006. Egypt & Water: The Lifeline of a Civilization - How did weather impact ancient Egyptian civilization and the survival of its great monuments? Weatherwise 59(6): 20.
Jean-Pierre Chrétien, 2003. The great lakes of Africa: Two thousand years of history.
New York : Zone Books.
Robert O. Collins, 2002. The Nile. New Haven, Yale University Press.
J. D. Dellapenna, 2006. The Nile as a Legal and Political Structure. R. Coopey and T.
Tvedt. A History of Water, Volume 2: The Political Economy of Water: 295-323. I. B.
Tauris. London.
J. C. Ducene, 2004. The Nile delta in the maps of Ibn Hawqal. Journal of Near Eastern
J. C. Ducene, 2004. The Nile Delta as depicted in the maps of the 'Nuzhat al-Mustaq' of al-Idrisi. Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft 154(1): 57-70.
M. El Zain, 2004. Nile basin cooperation: A review of the literature. Development and Change 35(3): 617-618.
M. El-Zain, 2006. Reshaping the 'Political': The Nile Waters of the Sudan. In R. Coopey and T. Tvedt. A History of Water, Volume 2: The Political Economy of Water: 117-150.
I. B. Tauris. London.
Haggai Erlich, 2000. Identity and Church: Ethiopian - Egyptian Dialogue, 1924-59.
International Journal of Middle East Studies 32(1): 23-46.
Hagai Erlikh, 2002. The cross and the river: Ethiopia, Egypt, and the Nile. Boulder, Colo., L. Rienner.
Hagai Erlikh, ed., 2000. The Nile: histories, cultures, myths. Boulder, Colo., L. Rienner.
M. W. Ertsen, 2006. Colonial irrigation: Myths of emptiness. Landscape Research 31(2):
147-167.
Renée F. Friedman, 2002. Egypt and Nubia: gifts of the desert. London, British Museum Press.
Hisham S. Gabr, 2004. Perception of Urban Waterfront Aesthetics Along the Nile in Cairo, Egypt. Coastal Management 32(2): 155-171.
Peter P. Affiliation Florida State University Garretson, 2003. Ethiopia and Egypt in the Context of the Nile. The Journal of African History 44(2): 345-346.
Magdy Hefny and Salah El-Din Amer, 2005. Egypt and the Nile Basin. Aquatic Sciences 67(1): 42-50.
H. J. Hoag, 2003. Nile Basin cooperation: A review of the literature. International
Journal of African Historical Studies 36(2): 501-502.
Martha Holmes, Gavin Maxwell and Tim Scoones, 2004. Nile. London, BBC Books.
Nicholas S. Hopkins, ed., 2003. Upper Egypt: life along the Nile. Højbjerg ,Denmark, Moesgård Museum.
Jack Kalpakian, 2004. Identity, conflict and cooperation in international river systems.
Aldershot, Hants, UK, Burlington, VT.
Jean Kérisel, 2001. The Nile and its masters: past, present, future: source of hope and anger. Rotterdam, Brookfield, AA Balkema.
Abraham Kinfe, 2004. Nile opportunities: avenues toward a win-win deal. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopian International Institute for Peace and Development & Horn of Africa Democracy and Development International Lobby.
Abraham Kinfe, 2004. Nile dilemmas: hydropolitics and potentials conflict flashpoints, Ethiopian International Institute for Peace and Development & the Horn of Africa Democracy and Development International Lobby.
Michael T. Klare, 2001. Resource wars: the new landscape of global conflict, Metropolitan Books.
V. Knobelsdorf, 2006. The Nile Waters Agreements: Imposition and impacts of a
transboundary legal system - Dorsey & Whitney student writing prize in comparative and international law, best note award winner. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 44(2): 622-648.
S. A. Mason, 2005. Are we scorpions? The role of upstream-downstream dialogue in fostering cooperation in the Nile Basin. Mountain Research and Development 25(2):
115-120.
A. F. Metawie, 2004. History of co-operation in the Nile basin. International Journal of
Béatrix Midant-Reynes, 2000. The prehistory of Egypt from the first Egyptians to the first pharaohs/Uniform Title: Préhistoire de l'Egypte. English. Oxford, UK, Malden, MA.
B. Midant-Reynes, 2006. The increasing aridity of the Sahara: what was its role in the birth of Egyptian civilization? Comptes Rendus Palevol 5(1-2): 405-408.
Dahilon Yassin Mohamoda, 2003. Nile Basin cooperation: a review of the literature.
Uppsala, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
Steve Onyeiwu, 2000. Deceived by African Cotton: The British Cotton Growing Association and the Demise of the Lancashire Textile Industry. African Economic History(28): 89-121.
James R. Penn, 2001. Rivers of the world: a social, geographical, and environmental sourcebook. Santa Barbara, CA, ABC-CLIO.
Sandra L. Postel and Aaron T. Wolf, 2001. Dehydrating Conflict. Foreign Policy(126):
60-67.
Eve Troutt Powell, 2003. A different shade of colonialism: Egypt, Great Britain, and the mastery of the Sudan, University of California Press.
Richard Reid, 2001. The Challenge of the past: The Quest for Historical Legitimacy in Independent Eritrea. History in Africa 28: 239-272.
Walter Scheidel, 2001. Death on the Nile: disease and the demography of Roman Egypt, Brill.
Anna Schulz, 2002. The potential for cooperation within the Nile River Basin. Wheaton College. Norton, MA.
Sree N. Sreenath, Ali M. Vali and Gundo Susiarjo, 2002. The Nile River Problematique:
An Integrated Look at the Future of Egypt and Ethiopia. Water International 27(4): 517- 32.
J. D. Stanley, F. F. Goddio and G. G. Schnepp, 2001. Nile flooding sank two ancient cities. Nature 412(6844): 293-4.
T. Tafesse, 2001. The Nile question: hydropolitics, legal wrangling, modus vivendi and perspectives. Munster, Hamburg, London, Lit Verlag.
T. Tafesse, 2001. The hydropolitical assessment of the Nile question - An Ethiopian perspective. Water International 26(4): 578-588.
Terje Tvedt, 2000. The River Nile and its Economic, Political, Social and Cultural Role.
An Annotated Bibliography. Bergen, University of Bergen.
Terje Tvedt, 2004. The River Nile in the age of the British: political ecology and the quest for economic power, London/New York, I.B. Tauris.
Terje Tvedt, 2004. The Nile: an annotated bibliography. 2nd ed., London/New York, I.B.
Tauris.
Terje Tvedt, 2006. The River Nile in the age of the British: political ecology and the quest for economic power, Cairo: American University Press.
Kevin Ward, 2001. 'The Armies of the Lord': Christianity, Rebels and the State in Northern Uganda, 1986-1999. Journal of Religion in Africa 31(2): 187-221.
John Waterbury, 2002. The Nile Basin: national determinants of collective action, Yale University Press.
Derek A. Braddock, Pam Usai and Donatella Welsby, 2003. Survey above the Fourth Nile Cataract. Oxford, Sudan Archaeological Research Society, Archaeopress: Hadrian Books [distributor].
Dennis Wichelns, Jr., John Barry, Martina Müller, Megumi Nakao, Lisa D. Philo and Adam Zitello, 2003. Co-operation regarding water and other resources will enhance economic development in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea. International Journal of
Y. Arsano, 2006. Nile Basin Co-operation: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century. R.
Coopey and T. Tvedt. A History of Water, Volume 2: The Political Economy of Water:
324-350. London, I. B. Tauris.
G. Zewde and Selassie, 2006. The Blue Nile and Its Basins: An Issue of International Concern. Forum for Social Studies, Addis Ababa.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
A. A. Abdel Moneim, 2005. Overview of the geomorphological and hydrogeological characteristics of the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Hydrogeology Journal 13(2): 416-425.
S. Abdel-Fattah, A. Amin and L. C. Van Rijn, 2004. Sand transport in Nile River, Egypt.
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-Asce 130(6): 488-500.
D. D. Adams and S. O. Ochola, 2002. A review of sediment gas cycling in lakes with reference to Lake Victoria and sediment gas measurements in Lake Tanganyika. In Odata Eric O. and D. O. Olago. The East African great lakes: limnology, paleolimnology and biodiversity: 277-305. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht/Boston/London.
A. Akawy, 2005. Tectonic impacts on drainage systems and topography from
Precambrian to Recent in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt: A model from the area south of Umm Gheig. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 235(3): 235-264.
M. A. Antar, I. Elassiouti and M. N. Allam, 2006. Rainfall-runoff modelling using artificial neural networks technique: a Blue Nile catchment case study. Hydrological Processes 20(5): 1201-1216.
R. O. Anyah and F. H. M. Semazzi, 2004. Simulation of the sensitivity of Lake Victoria basin climate to lake surface temperatures. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 79(1-2):
55-69.
L. Bergonzini, Y. Richard, L. Petit and P. Camberlin, 2004. Zonal circulations over the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the level of Lakes Victoria and Tanganyika. International Journal of Climatology 24(13): 1613-1624.
K. R. M. Beuning, K. Kelts, J. Russell and B. B. Wolfe, 2002. Reassessment of Lake Victoria - Upper Nile River paleohydrology from oxygen isotope records of lake- sediment cellulose. Geology 30(6): 559-562.
W. Bewket and G. Sterk, 2005. Dynamics in Land Cover and its Effect on Stream Flow in the Chemoga Watershed, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Hydrological Processes 19(2):
445-458.
Woldeamlak Bewket and Leo Stroosnijder, 2003. Effects of agroecological land use succession on soil properties in Chemoga watershed, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia.
Geoderma 111(1): 85-98.
N. Burham, S. M. Abdel-Azeem and M. F. El-Shahat, 2006. Separation and
determination of trace amounts of zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury in tap and Qaroun lake water using polyurethane foam functionalized with 4-hydroxytoluene and 4- hydroxyacetophenone. Analytica Chimica Acta 579(2): 193-201.
Declan Conway, 2000. The Climate and Hydrology of the Upper Blue Nile River.
Geographical Journal 166(1): 49-62.
D. Conway, 2001. The hydrology of the Nile. Geographical Journal 167: 181-182.
D. Conway, 2002. Extreme rainfall events and lake level change in East Africa: Recent events and historical precedents. In Odata, Eric O. and D. O. Olago. TheEast African great lakes: limnology, paleolimnology and biodiversity. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Dordrecht/Boston/London.
D. Conway, E. Allison, R. Felstead and M. Goulden, 2005. Rainfall variability in East Africa: implications for natural resources management and livelihoods. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363(1826): 49-54.
D. Conway, C. Mould and W. Bewket, 2004. Over one century of rainfall and
temperature observations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Climatology 24(1): 77-91.
A. Cózar, L. Bracchini, A. Dattilo, S. Loiselle and N. Azza, 2004. Characterization of the Ugandan inshore waters of Lake Victoria based on temperature-conductivity diagrams.
Water Resources Research 40(12).
E. Dejen, J. Vijverberg, L. A. J. Nagelkerke and F. A. Sibbing, 2004. Temporal and spatial distribution of microcrustacean zooplankton in relation to turbidity and other environmental factors in a large tropical lake (L. Tana, Ethiopia). Hydrobiologia 513(1- 3): 39-49.
K. Descheemaeker, J. Nyssen, J. Rossi, J. Poesen, M. Haile, D. Raes, B. Muys, J.
Moeyersons and S. Deckers, 2006. Sediment deposition and pedogenesis in exclosures in the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. Geoderma 132(3-4): 291-314.
KH. M. Dewidar, 2004. Detection of land use/land cover changes for the northern part of the Nile delta (Burullus region), Egypt. International Journal of Remote Sensing 25(20):
4079-4089.
Patrick Dugan, 2005. Guide to wetlands, Firefly Books.
H. Eggermont, O. Heiri and D. Verschuren, 2006. Fossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) as quantitative indicators of past salinity in African lakes. Quaternary Science Reviews 25(15-16): 1966-1994.
Mahmoud M. El Banna, 2006. Responses of Ras El Bar seafloor characteristics to the protective engineering structures, Nile delta, Egypt. Environmental Geology 49(5): 645- 652.
Mahmoud El Gamili, Elkhedr Ibrahim, Abdel Radi Hassaneen, Mohamed Abdalla and Ahmed Ismael, 2001. Defunct Nile Branches Inferred from a Geoelectric Resistivity Survey on Samannud area, Nile Delta, Egypt. Journal of Archaeological Science 28(12):
1339-1348.
H. M. El-Asmar, 2002. Holocene palaeoshorelines along the Manzala lagoon, northeast of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie-
Monatshefte(6): 337-361.
Hesham M. El-Asmar and Kevin White, 2002. Changes in coastal sediment transport processes due to construction of New Damietta Harbour, Nile Delta, Egypt. Coastal Engineering 46(2): 127.
M. S. El-Manadely, R. M. Abdel-Bary, M. S. El-Sammany and T. A. Ahmed, 2002.
Characteristics of the delta formation resulting from sediment deposition in Lake Nasser, Egypt: Approach to tracing lake delta formation. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management 7(2): 81-86.
A. El-Sayed, F. Vaccari and G. F. Panza, 2004. The Nile Valley of Egypt: A Major Active Graben that Magnifies Seismic Waves. Pure and Applied Geophysics 161(5):
983-1002.
M. A. K. Elsayed, N. A. Younan, A. M. Fanos and K. H. Baghdady, 2005. Accretion and erosion patterns along Rosetta Promontory, Nile Delta Coast. Journal of Coastal
Research 21(3): 412-420.
E. A. Farah, E. M. A. Mustafa and H. Kumai, 2000. Sources of groundwater recharge at the confluence of the Niles, Sudan. Environmental Geology 39(6): 667-672.
O. Frihy, M. Iskander and A. Badr, 2004. Effects of shoreline and bedrock irregularities on the morphodynamics of the Alexandria coast littoral cell, Egypt. Geo-Marine Letters 24(4): 195-211.
Omran Frihy and Deborah Lawrence, 2004. Evolution of the modern Nile delta promontories: development of accretional features during shoreline retreat.
Environmental Geology 46(6): 914-932.
Omran E. Frihy, Abd El Moniem A. Badr and Mohamed S. Hassan, 2002. Sedimentation Processes at the Navigation Channel of the Damietta Harbour on the Northeastern Nile Delta Coast of Egypt. Journal of Coastal Research 18(3): 459-470.
Omran E. Frihy, Essam A. Debes and Waleed R. El Sayed, 2003. Processes reshaping the Nile delta promontories of Egypt: pre- and post-protection. Geomorphology 53(3): 263- 280.
Omran E. Frihy and Khalid M. Dewidar, 2003. Patterns of erosion/sedimentation, heavy mineral concentration and grain size to interpret boundaries of littoral sub-cells of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Marine Geology 199(1): 27-44.
N. D. S. Gani and M. G. Abdelsalam, 2006. Remote sensing analysis of the Gorge of the Nile, Ethiopia, with emphasis on Dejen-Gohatsion region. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44(2): 135-150.
Eduardo Ando Sergio Garzanti, Giovanni Ali Abdel Megid Ada Vezzoli and Ahmed El Kammar, 2006. Petrology of Nile River sands (Ethiopia and Sudan): Sediment budgets and erosion patterns. Earth and planetary science letters 252(3): 327-331.
A. S. Goudie, 2005. The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous. Geomorphology 67(3- 4): 437-456.
P.F. Hamblin, P. Verburg, P. Roebber, H.A. Bootsma and R.E. Hecky, 2002.
Observations, evaporation and preliminary modelling of over-lake meteorology on large African lakes. In, Odata, Eric O. and D. O. Olago. The East African great lakes:
limnology, paleolimnology and biodiversity: 121-152. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Dordrecht/Boston/London.
Fekri A. Hassan, 2005. A river runs through Egypt: Nile floods and Civilization - The highs and lows of the Nile River have shaped the course of Egyptian civilization for more than 8,000 years. Geotimes 50(4): 22-25.
S. Hautot, K. Whaler, W. Gebru and M. Desissa, 2006. The structure of a Mesozoic basin beneath the Lake Tana area, Ethiopia, revealed by magnetotelluric imaging. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44(3): 331-338.
Hesham M. El-Asmar, 2002. Short Term Coastal Changes Along Damietta-Port Said Coast Northeast of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Journal of Coastal Research 18(3): 433–441.
M. T. Hussein, 2004. Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater in the Blue Nile Basin, eastern Sudan, using conventional and multivariate techniques. Hydrogeology Journal 12(2): 144-158.
T. C. Johnson, K. Kelts and E. Odada, 2000. The holocene history of Lake Victoria.
Ambio 29(1): 2-11.
ground responses in sedimentary basins: quantitative modelling of the Nile Valley, Egypt. Geophysical Journal International 154, no 3: 913-924.
S. Kebede, Y. Travi, T. Alemayehu and T. Ayenew, 2005. Groundwater recharge, circulation and geochemical evolution in the source region of the Blue Nile River, Ethiopia. Applied Geochemistry: Journal of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry 20(9): 1658-1676.
S. Kebede, Y. Travi, T. Alemayehu and V. Marc, 2006. Water balance of Lake Tana and its sensitivity to fluctuations in rainfall, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology 316(1-4): 233-247.
Dennis V. Kent and Christian Dupuis, 2003. Paleomagnetic study of the Paleocene- Eocene Tarawan Chalk and Esna Shale: Dual polarity remagnetizations of Cenozoic sediments in the Nile Valley (Egypt). Micropaleontology 49(1): 139-146.
T. Kidane, B. Abebe, V. Courtillot and E. Herrero, 2002. New paleomagnetic result from the Ethiopian flood basalts in the Abbay (Blue Nile) and Kessem gorges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 203(1): 353-367.
Robert W. O'B Knox, Marie-Pierre Aubry, William A. Berggren, Christian Dupuis, Khaled Ouda, Roberto Magioncalda and Mamdouh Soliman, 2003. The Qreiya Section at Gebel Abu Had: Lithostratigraphy, Clay Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Biostratigraphy.
Micropaleontology 49: 93-104.
M. D. Krom, J. D. Stanley, R. A. Cliff and J. C. Woodward, 2002. Nile River sediment fluctuations over the past 7000 yr and their key role in sapropel development. Geology 30(1): 71-74.
S. MacIntyre, J. R. Romero and G. W. Kling, 2002. Spatial-temporal variability in surface layer deepening and lateral advection in an embayment of Lake Victoria, East Africa. Limnology and Oceanography 47(3): 656-671.
S. M. Mahmoud, 2003. Seismicity and GPS-derived crustal deformation in Egypt.
Journal of Geodynamics 35(3): 333-352.
I. N. Makundi, 2001. A study of heavy metal pollution in Lake Victoria sediments by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A- Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 36(6): 909-921.
F. W. McCoy and G. Heiken, 2000. Tsunami generated by the Late Bronze Age eruption of Thera (Santorini), Greece. Pure and Applied Geophysics 157(6-8): 1227-1256.
M. M. McGlue, C. A. Scholz, T. Karp, B. Ongodia and K. E. Lezzar, 2006. Facies architecture of flexural margin lowstand delta deposits in Lake Edward, East African Rift: Constraints from seismic reflection imaging. Journal of Sedimentary Research 76(5-6): 942-958.
S. Melaku, T. Wondimu, R. Dams and L. Moens, 2004. Simultaneous Determination of Trace Elements in Tinishu Akaki River Water Sample, Ethiopia, by ICP-MS. Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy: International Journal of the
Spectroscopy Society of Canada 49(6): 374-384.
M. Metwaly, M. Khalil, E. S. Al-Sayed and S. Osman, 2006. A hydrogeophysical study to estimate water seepage from northwestern Lake Nasser, Egypt. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 3(1): 21-27.
M. V. Mikhailova, 2001. Hydrological Regime of the Nile Delta and Dynamics of Its Coastline. Water Resources 28(5): 477.
A. Mishra and T. Hata, 2006. A grid-based runoff generation and flow routing model for the Upper Blue Nile basin. Hydrological Sciences Journal-Journal Des Sciences
Hydrologiques 51(2): 191-206.
A. Mishra, T. Hata and A. W. Abdelhadi, 2004. Models for recession flows in the upper Blue Nile River. Hydrological Processes 18(15).
A. Mishra, T. Hata, A. W. Abdelhadi, A. Tada and H. Tanakamaru, 2003. Recession flow analysis of the Blue Nile River. Hydrological Processes 17(14): 2825-2835.
Y. A. Mohamed, W. G. M. Bastiaanssen and H. H. G. Savenije, 2004. Spatial variability
sensing techniques. Journal of Hydrology 289(1-4): 145-164.
Y. A. Mohamed, H. H. G. Savenije, W. G. M. Bastiaanssen and B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, 2006. New lessons on the Sudd hydrology learned from remote sensing and climate modeling. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10(4): 507-518.
Y. A. Mohamed, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, H. H. G. Savenije and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, 2005. Hydroclimatology of the Nile: results from a regional climate model. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9(3): 263-278.
Y. A. Mohamed, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, H. H. G. Savenije and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, 2005. Impact of the Sudd wetland on the Nile hydroclimatology. Water Resources
Research 41(8).
Y. E. A. Mohamedzein, J. A. Abdalla and A. Abdelwahab, 2006. Site response and earthquake design spectra for Central Khartoum, Sudan. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 4(3): 277-293.
W. M. Moufaddal, 2005. Cover: State of the coastal water along the Nile Delta front, Egypt, as revealed by satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26(22):
6.
W. M. Moufaddal, 2005. State of the coastal water along the Nile Delta front, Egypt, as revealed by satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26(22): 4877- 4883.
S. E. Nicholson and X. G. Yin, 2001. Rainfall conditions in equatorial East Africa during the nineteenth century as inferred from the record of Lake Victoria. Climatic Change 48(2-3): 387-398.
S. E. Nicholson, X. G. Yin and M. B. Ba, 2000. On the feasibility of using a lake water balance model to infer rainfall: an example from Lake Victoria. Hydrological Sciences Journal-Journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques 45(1): 75-95.
Sharon E. Nicholsson and Xungang Yin, 2002. Mesoscale Patterns of rainfall cloudiness and evaporation over the great lakes of East Africa. In Odata, Eric O. and D. O. Olago.
The East African great lakes: limnology, paleolimnology and biodiversity: 93-120.
Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht/Boston/London.
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Naudts, K. Teka and G. Govers, 2006. Assessment of gully erosion rates through interviews and measurements: a case study from northern Ethiopia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31(2): 167-185.
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HEALTH
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P. van Straaten, 2000. Human exposure to mercury due to small-scale gold mining in northern Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment 259(1-3): 45-53.
Fantaye Wondwossen, Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, Kjell Bjorvatn and Asgeir Bårdsen, 2004. The relationship between dental caries and dental fluorosis in areas with moderate- and high-fluoride drinking water in Ethiopia. Community Dentistry and Oral
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