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Vol. 65 ISSN 0020-577X

4·o7

Internasjonal Politikk er det ledende skandinaviskspråklige fagtidsskrift innen internasjonale studier, og et av de lengstlevende. Tidsskriftet har siden det ble startet av Norsk komité for internasjonale spørsmål i 1937, presentert artikler, kommentarer, debattinnlegg og anmeldelser med appell til akademia så vel som til praktikere og den interesserte allmennheten. Fokuset for publiserte artikler er derfor både teoretisk og empirisk. Internasjonal Politikk ønsker å fremme både geografi sk og faglig pluralitet, og søker derfor artikler fra ulike miljøer i Norden. Det langsiktige, overordnede faglige målet for Internasjonal Politikk er å opprettholde og videreutvikle den kreative spenningen som ligger i å kombinere det beste av faglig innsikt med målet om å opplyse og informere bredere lag av befolkningen. Tidsskriftet har siden 1960 blitt utgitt av Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt (NUPI) og kommer ut fi re ganger i året. Mer om Internasjonal Politikk, samt retningslinjer for innsendte manus, fi nnes på www.nupi.no/ip.

olitikk [4·o7]

Arild Engelsen Ruud

Indias utenrikspolitiske nyorientering

Harold Wilhite

India: forbruk i endring – utfordringer for miljøet Staff an Lindberg & Göran Djurfeldt

Revolution i det fördolda. Industrialisering och välfärdspolitik på landsbygden i Tamil Nadu

Hans Blomkvist

Indiens energiutmaningar

Fokus:

Nasjonale interesser og Norge Ulf Sverdrup, Jon Harald Sande Lie,

Stein Sundstøl Eriksen

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utgiver

© Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt 2007 manus

Sendes til: [email protected] eller [email protected]. Retningslinjer for innsendte manus, finnes på http://www.nupi.no/ip.

Alle synspunkter i Internasjonal Politikk står for forfatternes regning og kan ikke tillegges NUPI.

design Ole Dahl-Gulliksen

Internasjonal Politikk er indeksert i The International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, International Political Science Abstracts og Gale Directory of Publications and Broadcast Media

Medlem av Norsk Tidsskriftforening: www.tidsskriftforeningen.no priser

NOK 480 [utenfor Norden]

NOK 360 [innen Norden]

NOK 115 [+ porto/eksp.]

NOK 250 [studenter]

4 hefter i året www.nupi.no e-post: [email protected]

Benjamin de Carvalho Halvard Leira NUPI [[email protected]] NUPI [[email protected]]

bokredaktør Kristin M. Haugevik NUPI [[email protected]]

redaksjonssekretær Jan Risvik NUPI [ [email protected]]

redaksjonsutvalg

redaksjonsråd Halvard Leira NUPI [[email protected]]

Benjamin de Carvalho NUPI [[email protected]]

Leonard Seabrooke, Copenhagen Business School Ole Jacob Sending, NUPI

Henrik Urdal, PRIO

Jon Harald Sande Lie, Universitetet i Bergen Henriette Lunde, FAFO

Desmond McNeill, Universitetet i Oslo [SUM]

Lars Mjøset, Universitetet i Oslo Morten Bremer Mærli, NUPI Iver B. Neumann, Universitetet i Oslo Kari Osland, NUPI

Lars Rowe, Fridtjof Nansens Institutt Johannes Rø, Institutt for forsvarsstudier Andreas Selliaas, NUPI

Eli Stamnes, NUPI

Astri Suhrke, Christian Michelsens Institutt Ulf Sverdrup, Universitetet i Oslo [ARENA]

Henrik Thune, NUPI

Bent Sofus Tranøy, Universitetet i Oslo Ståle Ulriksen, NUPI,

Arild Underdal, Universitetet i Oslo

Mikkel Vedby Rasmussen, Dansk Institut for Militære Studier Elana Wilson-Rowe, NUPI

Cecilie Hellestveit, Universitetet i Oslo [NCHR]

Nicolai Nyland, Universitetet i Oslo Pernille Rieker, NUPI

Jens Bartelson, Københavns Universitet Annika Björkdahl, Lunds universitet, Helge Blakkisrud, NUPI Torkel Brekke, Universitetet i Oslo Morten Bøås, FAFO Walter Carlsnaes, Uppsala universitet Kristin Dalen, FAFO Karin Dokken, Universitetet i Oslo Sunniva Engh, Universitetet i Oslo Christoffer Eriksen, Universitetet i Oslo Nils Petter Gleditsch, PRIO Jan Erik Grindheim, Universitetet i Agder Martin Hall, Lunds universitet Annika Hansen, Forsvarets forskningsintsitutt Lene Hansen, Københavns Universitet Hilde Henriksen Waage, Universitetet i Oslo Nina Græger, NUPI Sten Inge Jørgensen, Morgenbladet Torbjørn Knutsen, NTNU Anna Leander, Copenhagen Business School

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