Chart 2.1 Number of contactless card payments as a percentage of the total. BankAxept. January 2017 – April 2020
Source: BankAxept
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20
CHART 1 Use of API aggregator in payment solutions
Third party
PISP/AISP API aggregator
API (interface) banks Users
Chart 2.2 Real-time payments as a percentage of total credit
transactions. Years since start-up. Denmark, Sweden and Norway
Sources: Danmarks Nationalbank, Swish and Norges Bank
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Denmark Sweden Norway
Clearing,
settlement, etc
Common infrastructure Banks’
proprietary solutions
Competition
Cooperation
Chart 2.3 Simplified diagram of the payment infrastructure
Online banking, mobile apps, etc
Chart 1 Cash usage in Norway (as a percentage of total number of payments)
Source: Norges Bank
24%
15%
12%
10%
12%
9% 9%
7%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
2007 2013 Spring 17 Autumn 17 Spring 18 Autumn 18 Spring 19 Autumn 19 Spring 20
CHART 3.1 Token- and account-based money
NB
Account Interface
Info on transfer from A to B
Account authenticity
TOKEN-BASEDACCOUNT-BASED
Instruction on transfer from A to B
Account ownership Sufficient funds
User A
Interface
Digital wallet
User B
Centralised or decentralised
Digital wallet
Send token Receive
token
Settlement
