Fra kortslutning til kretsløp: Ny avløpsteknologi for globale utfordringer

(1)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences

1

Fra kortslutning til kretsløp:

Ny avløpsteknologi for globale utfordringer

Professor, Petter D. Jenssen

Institutt for plante- og miljøvitenskap

Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap (UMB)

Vårkonferansen Miljø 2010

;

Miljøsamfunnet - kretsløp eller kortslutning?

(2)

NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES

www.umb.no 2

Photo: B. Larsen

Sanitation

Global challenges:

* Water supply

* Water pollution * Health

* Food production

(3)

(4)

www.umb.no

1 billion people do

not have access to

clean water

(5)

1 billion people do not have access to clean water

2,5 billion people

lack proper sanitation

(6)

www.umb.no

1 billion people do not have access to clean water

3,4 million people die anually due to diseses caused by

lack of proper water and sanitation

2,5 billion people

lack proper sanitation

(7)

1 billion people do not have access to clean water

3,4 million people die anually due to diseses caused by

lack of proper water and sanitation

2,5 billion people lack proper sanitation

UN summit Johannesburg 2000 - goals:

• Halve the number of people without access to clean water within the year 2015

• Halve the number of people lacking proper sanitation

within the year 2015

(8)

www.umb.no Department of Plant and

Environmental Sciences

4

 DO less than 1 mg/l

 BOD - 250 mg

Kathmandu, Nepal

Dry season:

(Pandey et al. 2005)

(9)

5

90% of the

wastewater in the world is discharged untreated

Current situation:

(10)

www.umb.no

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences

7

Figure based on Cordell et al. 2009

(11)

8

Future solution:

Recycling

water and

nutrients

(12)

www.umb.no

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %

Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Volume

Greywater Faeces Urine

Nutrients and volume of domestic wastewater fractions

(Jönsson et al., 2000).

(13)

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %

Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Volume

Greywater Faeces Urine

Nutrients and volume of domestic wastewater fractions

(Jönsson et al., 2000).

1 % of

the volume contains:

>80%

of the

resources

(14)

www.umb.no

Contribution from the toilet

* 90 % of N

* 80 % of P

* 80 % of K

* 40-75 % of org. matter

* Majority of the pathogens

(15)

12

(Alsen and Jenssen2005)

Source separation of wastewater

(16)

www.umb.no

6

Photo: P. Jenssen

20-40% of the water consumption in sewered cities is used

for flushing toiles

(Gardner 1996)

(17)

Future toilet types

(commercially available today)

• Composting /dry sanitation 0 - 0.1 liter/visit

• Urine diverting 0.1 - 4.0 liter/visit

• Water saving (vacuum&gravity) 0.5 - 1.0 liter/visit

(18)

www.umb.no

Composting toilet at roadside facility - Sweden

Elected the best roadside facility in Sweden 2003

(19)

Composting toilet at roadside facility - Sweden

Clean odourless toilets

(20)

www.umb.no

16

Bangalore India

Well Sewer

Photos: J. Heeb

(21)

17

Ecosan toiletcenter

(22)

www.umb.no

17

Ecosan toiletcenter

Photos: J. Heeb

(23)

18

Ecosan toilet center Bangalore India

Faeces Urine

Wash water

Photos: J. Heeb

(24)

www.umb.no

19

 Serves 800 people

 Produces 50 ton bananas/year

Photo: J. Heeb

Ecosan toilet center Bangalore India

(25)

19

 Serves 800 people

 Produces 50 ton bananas/year

Photo: J. Heeb

Ecosan toilet center Bangalore India

(26)

www.umb.no

20

Photo: J. Heeb

(27)

20

Photo: J. Heeb

(28)

www.umb.no

20

Waste as a

resource

Photo: J. Heeb

(29)

89

Solutions for megacities ?

(30)

www.umb.no

90

• 1660 vacuum toilets

• > 2km of vacuum sewer line

(Jets ^TM )

Vacuum technology ^Marine

installations

(31)

91

(Jets ^TM )

Vacuum technology

Marine installations

(32)

www.umb.no

26

A Sino- Norwegian

demonstration project

(33)

Blackwater Greywater

Source separation of domestic wastewater - Pinggu

(34)

www.umb.no

Blackwater to biogas and fertilizer Greywater

Source separation of domestic wastewater - Pinggu

(35)

Blackwater to biogas and fertilizer Greywater to:

Drinking water

Irrigation

Groundwater recharge

(36)

www.umb.no

Blackwater to biogas and fertilizer Greywater to:

Drinking water ?

Irrigation

Groundwater recharge

Greywater recycling

90% watersaving is possible !

(37)

Blackwater to biogas and fertilizer 1. Particle separation

2. Biofiltration/sorption 3. Membrane filtration

Drinking water

Irrigation

Groundwater recharge

Greywater treatment

(38)

www.umb.no

30

Greywater treatment

1. Particle separation

Greywater treatment

1. Particle separation

(39)

31

Greywater treatment 2. Biofiltration/sorption

Vertical flow biofilter

Horizontal

subsurface flow filter

Pump

(40)

www.umb.no

32

Greywater treatment

3. Membrane filtration by Malthe Winje AS

(41)

37

Area for greywater treatment

(42)

www.umb.no

Greywater treatment at Klosterenga Oslo

Effluent values:

Fecal coliforms: <10 Total-N: 2,5 mg/l Total-P: 0,02 mg/l

(43)

Treatment/collection site

c

Upscaling urban recycling systems

Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB)

(44)

www.umb.no

Conclusion

Consider to leapfrog the conventional centralized sewers Go straight to watersaving and recycling sanitary systems

36