TN-37-72.pdf (718.3Kb)

NILU

Teknisk notat nr 37/72 Referanse: IO 000869 Dato: September 1972

NORWEGIAN STATIONS FOR DAILY OBSERVATIONS

OF POLLUTION IN AIR AND PRECIPITATION by

Einar Joranger

NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH BOX 15, N-2007 KJELLER

NORWAY

NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH

Kjeller 17th August, 1972

NORWEGIAN STATIONS FOR DAILY OBSERVATIONS OF POLLUTION IN AIR AND PRECIPITATION, by Einar Joranger

GENERAL

Since 1971, daily background sampling of

so

2 and sulphate

in the air has been made at 8 stations and daily precipitation sampling at 24 stations (see map). The precipitation samples are analysed for strong acid, sulphate, pH, Na and Mg, and a collector of polyethylene (diameter 200 mm) is used.

The statio~s were established partly in connection with the

OECD investigation of the long range transport of air pollutants and national programmes for investigation of adverse effects of air pollution on forest growth and fresh water fisheries.

The great number of stations has been necessary at the start, because of the large topographical variation on all scales up to 500 km (the large N-S directed mountain ridges in South- Norway). Additional stations are planned in South-Norway for the investigation of adverse effects, but for the OECD inves- tigation a gradual reduction of stations in South Norway by me a n s of corr-e La't i.cn analysis, is intended. In North Norway, more stations probably will be established because of the

observation of polluted snow the last winter (probably coming from east to southeast).

Most stations are places in areas minimally polluted by Norwegian towns_ and industrial areas, except for some stations which are established around the more densely populated Oslo-region

(about 1 million inhabitants) for comparison of the pollution stress from this area and from outside. The greatest number of stations are placed along the sou~h-coast, because the pollution in precipitation has its maximum in this area.

- 2 -

Meteorological stations operated by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute have as far as possible been used as sites to benefit from the meteorological observations and an established procedure.

As a rule, the samplings are made south of the nearest buildings heated with coal, wood or oil, in order to avoid local pollution with winds from southernly directions. All precipitation samplers are places on grounds with permanent grass or heather. The

collector is cleaned daily with destilled water, regardless of precipitation or not.

- 3 -

-r-

.,, ·

.

r ¹⁵

/'

)

I

I I

"

\

\

I

I \

\

\

I

\

\

\

\

>

I I

I

I I I

'

~J

l

2 10

)' 2J 3 1

6~7yv L

I

✓

{ ,,.- - J

\

\

\

\

\

'

/

\

\

I I

✓I

\J \ _,

·1 / ('

\ I

\

I

I

J I

'- .I

OECD-

a

t

n bac'

s otiotis · kqrourid

,n ^{NORvVA y}

7972

NOP.VJEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH - 4 -

STATIONS LIST

NO NAME METER POS POS

DISCONT AIR PREC MI

a.m.s.l. N E START

1 Birkenes 1.90 58°23¹ 8°15' 1/11-71

-

2 Bygland 215 58°50¹ 7°48¹ 1/11-71 17/4-71 X X

3 Finsland 275 58°19¹ 7°35' 1/11-71 - ^Xl X X

4 Fl¢devigen 10 58°26' 8°45¹ 1/11-71 17/4-72 X X

--

-

6 Lista 13 58°06¹ 6°34' 1/11-71

-

7 Mandal 138 58°03' 7°27' 1/11-71

-

8 Skreådalen 475 58°49¹ 6°43' 1/11-71

-

-

^-

-

^-

11 Bj¢rkhaug 324 Gl⁰38' 7°16¹ 25/6-71 1/7-72 X X

12 F¢rde 42 61°28¹ 5°51' 25/6-71 15/7-72 X X

13 Kinn 10 61°34¹ 4°48' 25/6-71 1/7-72 X X

14 Skei i J¢lster 205 61°34' 6°29' 25/6-71

-

15 Tustervatn 439 65°50' 13°55' 28/12-71

-

.---

-·

16 Tågmyra 536 61°25' 12°04' 26/12-71

-

----

17 Kjeller 120 59°59' 11°03¹ 2/2-72

-

18 L¢ken 150 59°48¹ 11°27' 26/2-72

- I

,-..- I

--

19 Bislingen 680 60°14¹ 10°37' 26/3-72

-

20 Grirnelid 367 60°08' 9°36' 25/3-72

-

,..,, ^~...l-

I

-

--~-

22 Vasser 35 59°04¹ 10°26¹ 17/4-72

-

l -

23 Lyng¢r 20 58°38' 9°08' 18/4-72

-

I --

24 Fitjar 20 59°55' 5°19' 29/7-72

-

~

Air measurements started 20/4-72 NO AIR PREC:

MI

refer to number in the map air measurement of SO2 precipitation

Meteorological Institute, precipitation station.

- 5 -

DESCRIPTION OF THE STATIONS

The geographical distribution of the stations is given on the map. The numbers refer to the station list, which also gives the position coordinates, period of operation, and other details.

1 Birkenes

The site lies in a complex and moderately hilly terrain, with moors and forests, and with 100 meters as typical height

differences. The area is crossed by a deeper and narrow valley, about 150 m below the station. In general, this terrain is

gently sloping SE towards the coast, about 20 km distant.

The site itself is in a small grass covered basin surrounded by forest. The nearest inhabited farms are several kilometers away. The town Kristiansand (60 000 inhabitants) lies 30 km towards SW.

2

~yg1~~9

The station is situated near a NS-directed lake, with mountain sides about 600 m high. The site is in a moderately populated area. The station was closed down because the correlation

analysis with other stations indicated an influence from local pollution sources.

3 Finsland

Th~s station is situated in an undulating terrain with 100 meters as typical height difference. The site itself is about 20 m

above the local river ~evel. The surrounding area is partly populated. Kristiansand is about 30 km apart towards SE.

4 Fl¢devigen

The station lies close to the coast line in the bottom of a bay and 10 m above the see level. The station was closed down, because comparison with other stations indicated influence of pollution from the nearest town (Arendal).

- 6 -

5

~i~!:'§!§9

~he station is situated in a short, steep valley sloping towards ENE, with mountain ridges 100-150 m above the site.

The site lies on valleys ide facing north and about 60 m above the bottom of the valley. The general slope of the moderately hilly terrain lS towards SE (the coast is 20 km away).

6 Lista

This station is situated to the W of a plain peninsula, with exposure to the ocean towards N and S. The distance from the coast is 200-300 m. With on shore wind, the correction for marin sulphate in the precipitation may be very high.

7 Mandal

The station is situated on a hill, 1-2 km north of the samll town of Mandel, and approximately 130 m higher. The distance to the coast is approx. 3 km. The terrain is complex, with typical height differences of 50 to 150 m.

8 Skreådalen

475 meters a.m.s.l .. This inland station (100 km from the coast) is situated 6 km east and 150 m lower than a water-shed on the large mountain ridge which divide South Norway in an eastern and a western part. The site is in a narrow and sparsely populated sidevalley sloping towards NE. Typical heights of the surrounding mountains are 700 to 800 meters.

9 §~Y!§~g

This station is situated in a moderately rough terrain with an irregular valley system (height differences from 100 to 300 m).

The site lies about 70 m above the river bed. The local valley slopes towards S. In general, the area slopes towards W to S.

The area has a sparse population.

- 7 -

10 Tovdal

The station is situated on the northeast slope (about 50 m above the river bed) of a valley, which is oriented towards SE like the general terrain. The mountain ridges is from 300 to 500 m above the valley bottom. The valley is very sparsely populated.

The distance from the coast is about 60 km SE.

11 Bj¢rkhaug_i_Jostedal

The station lies in a very rugged terrain near the glacier Jostedalsbreen on a steep hillside facing south, and about 250 m above the river bed. The narrow valley slopes towards south and the Sognefjord. The mountain ridges are from 1000 to 1500 m higher than the valley bottom. The valley is sparsely populated. This station, together with F¢rde (12) amd Kinn (13) was closed down the 1st July, 1972, at the end of a special measuring programme.

12

I~~9~

The station is 2 km NW of the small town F¢rde, on the north side of a EW directed fjord, and with surroundings mquntains of heights up to 900 meters. The station was closed down the ist July, 1972 (see station 11).

13 Kinn

This station is situated on the west side of the island Kinn on the west coast. The terrain is moderate in roughness. This station was closed down the 1st July, 1972 (see station 11).

14 Skei_i_J~lster

The station is situated on the north side of an WSW-E directed lake The surrounding mountains are about 1000 meters above the lake

level. Locally, the site is 1 km NE of a small village. Other- wise, the area is sparsely populated.

15 Tustervatn

This station is situated in No~th-Norway, 70 km east of the coast, and on the westside of a large lake about 60 m above the lake level. The lake is surrounded by mountains mostly 1000 meters above the lake-level. The population in the area is

very sparse. There is a large aluminium smelting plant, 30 km to the west of the station.

- 8 -

16 r~g~Y!::~

This station is situated in an area with hilly terrain (typical height difference: 500 m), which in general slopes towards S and W. The nearest village is 4 km to the east. The site itself is on the south slope of a ridge, about 130 m above the river-bed.

1 7

~j_§!!~~

This station is situated 15 km NE of the city of Oslo (0,5 mill.

inhabitants). The prevailing wind directions are SW and NE. The sitE itself is situated on the NW side of the small town Lillestr¢m, with approximately 15 000 inhabitants and some local industry.

18

!::i~t~!'!

The station is in a complex and moderately hilly terrain (height differences 200-300 meters). The site is in a residential area, surrounded by forest land. The nearest village is 1,5 km to the SE. The distance to Oslo towards WNW is 40 km.

19

!?~§!~!'!8§~

The station is situated on the highest mountain in the district, 35 km north of Oslo. Otherwise, the terrain is moderately hilly.

20 Grimelid

367 meters a.m.s.l.

21 Norefjell

810 meters a.m.s.l .. This station-pair is established for

comparison of precipitation at different heights. The terrain is very rugged. Grimelid is situated on a NW slope about 200 m above the valley Sottom. Norefjell station is situated on the south slope of the mountain, The distance to Oslo (towards SE) is about 70 km.

22 Vasser

This station is situated on a coast island, on the west side of the Oslofjord. The terrain is gently undulating. North of

the station, the island is somewhat populated but mainly in s urnme r t i.me , The site is situated on a peak about 40 m above the sea-levei.

- 9 -

23 ~y~g~~

The station is situated on an island on the south-east coast.

The terrain is gently undulating. The site itself is placed on a 30 m high ridge SE of the populated area, and on the NW side of the island. The distance from the station to the ocean shore

(towards SE) is 700-800 m).

24

f~!i~~

The station is situated on the NW-side of a great mountaineous island on the west coast, with mountain heights of about 500 m.

The site itself is placed on a slope facing northwards, in the bottom of a bay coming in from N. 200 rn to the north lies a small canning company (sprat), and 300 m to the east a.small village. 20 km to the south-east is a small town with a big

shipbuilding-yard. The distance to Bergen towards NNE with about 200 000 inhabitants, is 60 km.