CM_1959_43.pdf (1.516Mb)

Inierhational Council for the Exploration of the Sea

C .]\/1, 1959

Special IGY Meeting

NO.l/~

• Norwegian Hydrographical Investigations in the Barents Sea during

rrhe International Geophysical YeaT ⁰ by

Lars Midttun.

The plan.

According to the plan our vessel should on two cruises (one in spring and one in autumn) work a program illustrated in Fig. L It is mainly 5 sections running northwards from the Finnmark-Murmansk-Coasts.

On the spring cruise one should work as much of this program as the ice conditions would permit.

The cruise in spring.

This cruise was carried out by the research vessel "G.O.Sars" in the period March 31. to April 220 The station net is given in Fig. 2.

The pack ice border is indicated.

The cruise in autumn.

In the period September 20. to October 27. the research vessel

"G.O.Sars" worked the program shown in Fig. 3.

Because of a Soviet-Russian naval manoeuvre, the Eastern Barents S ea was at that time reported as dangerous are!=', , and we were therefore prevented from working a part of the planned program.

MateriaL

On these cruises the following measurements were made:

10 Temperature, salinity, oxygen and phosphate were Observed at usual standard depths on all the stations taken, and at the same time the

ordinary meteorologic observations were made, viz,' air temperature, wind direction and force, cloudines and sea roughnes.

2. The surface temperature was recorded along the track of the ship by means of a thermograph.

3. On the second cruise (autumn) some Bathythermograph recordings were made at those positions which are indicated on the figure 3.

11

Preliminary results.

The material has as yet been far from fully analysed, b:':l.t some main feature may be seen from a series of horizontal and vertical section

charts which shall be presented in the following~

A. The Horizontal Charts illustrated in Fig. 4-7, show the surfRce tempe- rature and salinity in spring and t8mperature at 15C metres, spring and autumn.

The influence of the north-south going Central Ridge at about 35°E is clearly stlen from the charts, especially from those shov7ing the temperature conditions. The temperature is changing quickly east-west above this ridge, only in about 71⁰N a tongue of warmer water penetrates eastwards across the Central Ridge, indicating inflow from west.

B. Vertical sections. Conditions west and east of the Central Ridge are illustrated by means of two sections worked in spring, one from each side of the ridge.

The North Cape section is taken to show the vertical distribution of temperature (Fig.

8),

salinity (Fig. 9), oxygen (Fig. 10) and phosphate

(Fig. 11) in the western basin.

The southern part of the sec~~on is generally warmer, less saline and have also slightly lower percentage of oxygen and content o~' phosphate, compared to the northern part.

Conditions east of the Central Ridge are represented by the section running north from the Sem Islands. The mentioned ~nflow of wanwr water across the ridge in about 71⁰N is visible from the temperF',ture section chart (Fig. 12). The northern part of this section is mostly occupied by water with temperature below zero. Near bottom north of 73°N the tempera-

ture is even below -1,5C with -1,90 as observed minimuTI1. The salinity of this cold water (Fig. 13) is about 35,03

%c.

Water of nearly the same tem- perature and salinity (-1,77 and 35,01 foo) was found at the surface on the Central Bank (st. 114, in position 75°N and 35°E).

The oxygen percentage of the water in this section is always above 95

%

(Fig. 14) and high values of phosphate were found especially in the northern part (Fig. 15).

The vertical distribution of temperature, salinity, oxygen and phosphate in the North Cape Section based on observation made in the autumn, are shown in Fig. 16-19.

III

Generally the temperature in the section has increased since spring. Only close to bottom north of 73°N a temperature decrease has taken place.

The influence of ice melting in the northern part of the section is demonstrated in the salinity section.

The oxygen observations indicate a slight decrease of oxygen in the deep water since spring.

In the surface layer there is a marked decrease in the content of phosphate.

\

"""""'-." --

:, r'

"

20·

" <; );;-~-

. ^\

Norwa.gian program, Barents Sea

25· ^3D·

,

I '

~/ '\

I ..

,,/\" ~ ".'

"

I

, I ^{, '}

\ ,

.'}

'-

-

40

} " ,

,

... _ ...

, ,

\ -^'

,- ~

, ,

.J ,

\

" ) c"--

G--_r'

'--

L ^/

~---- , 18

' , '

77

V

c:- ⁷⁶

. . ^~~"

, ,

0 ~

I I

' - '

I I

(fl

"

..

_<:)

-+----110'1)

e Full station + 8athy station

i

~·u:r'f;::',cc temperat·ure, spr:i.Dg • . )urf~l:!;(; ',)8J. inj t;v, S J)rinp:.

/5(}m 1958.

30"

v'

Temperature at ^{150 rn, spring ..}

Temperature at 150 rn, autumn.

35·

75" ,

st.nr.105 104 OM

,

/ f

/.

,.

0.5"

100 "

" "

I, I

'200

300

400

Ualinity

7.5~

st.nr.105 104 OM : \ :

. 3500'

/ '

^.

100

200'

300

400

74" , _,

103 102

, 2.5*

.

1,1

74' _I

103 '02

\.,J 35(;

73· • lOt

•

73' , 101

100

72" ,

99 98

"

t'e

Nordkapp - N 31.m-t,LV Ig58.

7'" , g7

"G.O.Sars" ,;':

11

100

11 11

3500

5 °/.0

NOl"dka pp - ~

31. In -l.lV 1958.

"G.0.50I"s"

•

75·

.

74"

.

st.nr.l05 104 103 102

73'

.

lOt 100

-,;:

,"

98 97 OM ^.~ ______________________ --~----~r---~

100

200

300

400

>98 . I

9 8 _ - - -

90

^ge

0;;/0

Nordkapp - N 31. m -t.IY 1958.

"G.O. Sars ^1/

Oxygen in sect ion North Cape-N, spring.

Phosphate 11 If " !l 11 "

74· I

104 103

100_' ~

-:- ^/.

^1.0

1;1

200

300

400

73"

102 . 101 • 100

72"

"

99 98 97

P !"q -at omj,

NOl"dkapp - N 31.m-1.JYI958.

"G.O.Sars"

7'"

.

7~ ⁰ 7.3 0 7,2 ⁰

si, nr. 144 143 142 ¹⁴¹ 140 139 138

o

M -:'-"'-" $~5-,0-O-:/"--'---"~~ ^.~ · ^.. .

· .

· .

35.00

100

200

710 137

( :

34.90

7,0⁰

- -

6,9⁰ 136 135 134 133

J~o r-r--

^{. , . 34.60}

^''-...

" ,

34.70

$%0

Sem Islands - N 10.N-H.IY 1958.

"G 0 Sors ".

reroperature in Bflct ion ;3em Islands-N ^J spr.ing ^~

si, nr. 144

o

^M

100

200

;3 a 1 i n:i:t y ^{H 11 11 If 11 11}

.7,3⁰ 7.20

142 141 140 139 138

·---~-~I

0° ' :0⁰

'7 1 ⁰ 7.0 0 6,9 ⁰

137 136 135 134 133

:- >1.5TJ7-~-r

1⁰ 1,5. 1⁰ IQ

tOe

Sem Islands-N

10.N~I1.IY 1958.

lOG 0 So rs ".

7~O 7,3⁰ 7,2⁰

st.nr. 144 143 142 141 14⁰ 139 138 136

7,0⁰ 135

6,9⁰ 134 133

o

^M oU,Il4.I~~~r~_ . . . i'<· _~ _ _ ~ _ _ ' - - ' - " " " " - ' - : - - _ _ _ ' _ _ f"_'_"_"'~_ •.• - .... - .. _ .•..•...•• __ .,_.- ···,,··· ... ···1· .. "···_·-.. ·· .... ··,··_-

0

.

'

^.

. .

, 97

100

,.6--)

. /

200

Oxygen in section

o a,]. ini t y ^{11 I! tS}

100

200

138

•.•• ~,. • f , _ •• "~., •

. ~.:

.~ '.~

C0

^{:10 "}

@

.98

---

.~%

Sem IslClnds-N 10,N-II.IY 1958.

"GO Scirs".

6,9⁰ 136

7,0⁰

135 134 133

0,9

P tCJ -^q tom / I ' Sem Islancls-N 10.N-11. IY 1958,

"G 0 Sa rs ",

100 100

200· 200

300. 300

5"/00 Nordkapp - N 13.-16. X. 1958

400- ^"G. Q. Sat's" 400

L. __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -,.--_--'---.-

I

Tempex:ature in section North-Cape-N, ai tumn • . , Salfni ty " " ^{It It It "}

76- 72- 71-

378 376 375 374373

~-'~~~--T--r--r-~~--~-+~--~----__ ----+---~--~~+4Nordkapp

100 ¹⁰⁰

200. 200

300. 300

tOe

Nordkapp - N 13. -16. X. 1958

400· "G. O. Sars" 400 .

,---_._.-._,,_.

---_ ... ----_ ^..

_---'--_

^..

_

^.. _ - - - -

100

200-

300-

400-

76·

384

75'

381 380 378

73·

377 376

72' 375

°

^2%

Nordkapp - N 13.-16. X. 1958 . "G. O. Sars"

100

200·

300

400

Oxygen :i.n EH!!otji(')n NOl.'th-Gape-N, t',1.l.tumnll

Phosphate ^{fl :1 't n tI l!}

73· 72° 71-

375 374373

.--O-r--'-+---'---iT-"~ ~ordkapp

Ppg-atom/I.

Nordkapp - N 13. -16. X. 1958

100

200

300

.. G. O. Sars" 400

,~ .%

150

-;;-=-

, \ .

,'"

,

I -

--"'-.-~~,,-~~--"-J..---It-,.

::, r' -,

20·

C-.

k,1

Norwegian program, Barents Sea

25" 30·

,

^{rriH9 planmJd}

<.

,

- - - T - - '

I I I

" ' - \ , , ,,' "'''' I

I , -

, '

.::.: --f- ^~f

35" "0

program-\!

"

-

~.,.

, I

I I / '

'-"_/

'" -...

. . . _ . . . 4 - -- . . .

_ . \ ) c"",-,

G-...J"

,-..::..,"

(.

-.~ .

... , ... - - 7(

-,CO

·.' "~'

,-

, \ .. j

(f'i

_,

" ,

r

,

/

\

, \

, I

\ , " ^,

\ , , ,

.~---T---t~~_~ .. :~~

,... ,

·i!-,~~~+-4~~~~~·~T--1l~ o

• <:)

-+---n...,

o ' 0

+----i'lt'\l

-

_~.

^. ₃

Workt)(i;program.

autumn.

^~

^,

I

lOOm - 22.1Il 1958.

30" 35·

Temperature at 1.50 rn, spring.

Tetnperature at 150 rn, autumn.

~---.---~---~---,

20·

40' ... ~""\.

} ""'\ ! r,

c~\.~) ^f P

t

~ ,

.

25·. _________ 3~O~· ________ ~J5~· ________ ~~ ________ ~~ ______ ~=_ __ _

75·

.

st.nr.105 104 OM

, , ,. , ,-

0.5"

100 ^{I. '}

.

" ,I

,. ,

'200

300

400

;3alini ty

7.5~

st. nr. 1 0 5 1 04 OM : \ :

. 3500'

/ ' ^.

100

200'

300

400

74" _{I ,}

103 102

, 2,5-

.

11

74" ,

103 102

\.1~1

35(j

73"

101 •

7,3' lOt

as-

7,2"

100 g9 98

11

100

tOe

Nordkapp- N 3t.m -t.lY U~"58.

"G.O. Sars"

11 11

3500

5

0'.0

Nordka pp ... ~

31. In -I.lY 1958, .. <3.0. SOl'S"

7'"

.

g7

7,SO 74" _I 73'

t 7,2' ~J'

st.nr:tOS 104 103 102

o

^M----

100

200

300

400

lOt 100 99 98 97

02

^/0

fli[;

9U '

NOl'dka pp - N 31. ill -1.J.Sl19S8.

"G.O. SOI"S"

r- .

hq. /0

^Oxygen in section North Cape-N,spring •

.-

.

n.'j' It Phosphate " ^{11 11 If}

"

7S-, 74" ^{/ 73'} t 72" _t.

st.nr.l0S 104 103 102 '101 100 ⁹⁹ 98 97

OM +---~----~~-~----~--~~--~----~--~

lOO/)

1;1

200

300

400

1.0

P I"'CJ -at omj,

NOl'dkapp ... N 31.m -1.lYI9S8.

"G.O. SaY's"

7'·

^t

74^{0 7.3'" 7,20} 710 7,0⁰ 6,90 st. nr. 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133

o M --:··-"~5-,O?·~:---"...-'-~-'---'--r-""r~''''''''': -~---r(-:

---.\c-'-: --r: -

^3~~-~

~5,OO

^34.90 3 4 , 8 0 " .'-...

.. .

100

200

( ^J~

_{; ~~ .• I?J} ^.12.

74⁰ st. nr. ^{144 143}

remperature

;) n.l in:i.t y

142

.7,3⁰ 141

in Bftction

-',

"

140

;::;em Islands-}\!,

H tr

138

71 °

137

11

34.70

5%0

Sem Islanc/s-N 10.L'l-llN 1958.

"GO SaY's".

7,0⁰ 135

69°

.

o

M

~-~:r . --~--TolJ--m >,-;:-J:7~-r

. .-0,5"-0.5°. . 0^{0 .} :~o\ 1~0 ^{. 1,50 • 10 . 1(\}

136 134 133

. ' . . ) . . : . 0,5· ' . . . .

100 ~ ^{. .}

200

S>-"2\

tOe

Sem Islancls-N

10.L'l~1I.N 1958.

"G 0 Sa rs ".

714 ⁰ 710

st. nr. 144 143 142 138 137 136

7.0⁰ 135

6,9⁰ 134 133

o

^M _1o;I,l~_,_,.,

_....

^{'Y Hi~} '<;"" • _ _ _ . _ . . , . . - -_ _ _ ~--·_·~---i·· ___ .. ~ ... _ .. '_~r~_ r"~"_"'_' _ _ ' I - ' - - ' .' ._._··· .. ·.1 ... ''"'' _ _ '''''0<'''''"1'' ._.

100

200

100

I 200

~ .

; /

. 97

,.~ . J

:~ : ^:~:-e9V

97 .

~8' '-;;;;39

d?~.J

--- ~

seetton Is1ands-N,

"

138

•. __ - • I _ ' •• _.r.

~.: .: ' ... -;:>

C0

: 1 , 0 , '

~%

Sem Islands - N 10.N-I!. IY 1958.

"G 0 So rs ".

6,9⁰ 136

7.0⁰

135 134 133

~~'-:

\--:~- . .

0,9 . ' .

, . .

p f1 -^{at 0 m / I '}

Sem Islands-N 10,N-I!. C5l 1958.

"G 0 Sa rs ".

71-

100 100

200· 200

300. 300

5%0 Nordkopp - N 13.-16. X. 1958

400. ^"G. Q. Sars" 400

Tempex:ature in section North-Cape-N, aitumn.

Salinity ^{1I . " 11} " " 11

76- 72· 71-

378 376 375 374313

~-'----T---r--r~r-~~---.~--r--~----__ - - - -__ ---4-.---+~~Nordkapp

100 100

200. 200

300. 300

tOe Nordkapp - N 13. -16. X. 1958

400· "G. O. Sars" 400 .

---.-.-.-

.. ^-~-•. ---.----.---

st.nt.'388 Hopen

100

200,

300

400·

76° 75~

385 384 381 380

~

... / \

^·

^{· · ' . .~.~ . . . . . .} . 98· ^{. . .}

.' . . 9 5 .

. 0

Oxygen

Phosphate ^{H ,1}

73· 72" 71"

378 377 376 375 374373

-~t---.I Nordkapp

100

200'

300 O₂%

Nordkapp - N 13. -16. X. 1958

. "G. O. Sars" 400

74° 73· 72·

380 379 378 377 376 375 374 373

~-r---+--""""-:--r-^...

--;\-...-+.

---1.~.---.--.r---+--n( -·-~-+-r-l--.! ^Nordkapp

_ _ _ :0.5 :

Q.O-

^{'0,6 . : : : :} _{- . 0,5' Q}

Qt

. . Q7 Q7 . 0.6. .

0.7~~~

100 . 0,9 100

200· 200

300· 300

Pflg-atom/l.

Nordkapp - N 13,-16. X. 1958

400 "G. O. Sars" . 400