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REVIEW OF BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING AND ENSURING OF PREPAREDNESS FOR ELIMINATION OF CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION

Scheme 1. RTG decommissioning stages

2. REVIEW OF BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING AND ENSURING OF PREPAREDNESS FOR ELIMINATION OF CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION

during transportation of radioactive materials (Deliverable D7)

1. INTRODUCTION

Within the frameworks of D-7 report regarding Task 4 the purpose was:

• to draw up a review of basic requirements necessary for planning and ensuring of preparedness for elimination of consequences of radiation accidents during transportation of nuclear materials (hereinafter referred to as NM) and radioactive substances (hereinafter referred to as RS)9;

• to prepare a draft of a regulation – normative document (hereinafter referred to as ND) realising the above requirements in the Russian Federation.

As the source data the legislative acts and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and recommendations of international organisations regarding emergency response during transportation of radioactive materials (hereinafter referred to as RM) were defined, collected, reviewed and compiled.

Then, taking into account the existing practice of emergency response during transportation of RM in the Russian Federation, the basic requirements necessary for planning and ensuring of preparedness for elimination of consequences of accidents during transportation of RM and the draft of federal norms and rules "Requirements for Planning and Ensuring of Preparedness for Elimination of Accident Consequences during Transportation of Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Substances" were developed.

2. REVIEW OF BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING AND ENSURING OF PREPAREDNESS FOR ELIMINATION OF CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION ACCIDENTS DURING TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

2.1. Basic Requirements in the Russian Federation

At present in Russia there are no any concrete normative document of the federal level, which stipulates the requirements for planning and ensuring of preparedness for elimination of consequences of radiation accidents exactly during transportation of RM. However it does not mean that there is a lack of such requirements in general, since they are defined in a number of laws, rules and standards, as well as in the documents of the agencies dealing with transport of RM.

Below the most important Federal Laws and normative documents of the Russian Federation, which requirements must be taken into account at the planning of measures on and ensuring of preparedness for elimination of accidents with radiation consequences during transportation of RM, are given.

Name General definition Including details

Federal Laws

"On the Use of Atomic Energy"

dated from 21.11.1995, No.

170-FZ

Defines legal basis and principles of regulation of relations arising during the use of atomic energy in Russia, the aim is to protect the peoples’ health and life, environment, property during the use of atomic energy, to promote development of atomic science and technique, to contribute to strengthening of international regime of the safe use of atomic energy.

The present law does not apply to the nuclear-powered facilities for military

• Order of issuing permits (licenses) on the right to perform works in the field of atomic energy use;

• Legal statute of the operating organisation carrying out its activity in the field of atomic energy use;

• The operating organisation’s responsibility for and duties on safety of nuclear facility, radiation source and storage point;

• Duties of the operating organisation on protection of the staff of the objects of atomic energy use, population and the environment during an accident at the nuclear facility, in the radiation source and

9 Later on in the text the general term "Radioactive materials" (hereinafter referred to as RM) is used.

Name General definition Including details

purposes. storage point;

• Legal statute, responsibility and duties of the organisations fulfilling works and rendering services for the operating organisations;

• Transport of NM and RS;

• Prevention of transport incidents and accidents during transportation of NM and RS.

"On Radiation Safety of Population"

dated from 9.01.1996, No. 3-FZ

Defines legal basis for ensuring radiation

safety of population to protect their health. • Ensuring of radiation safety during radiation accident;

• Protection of population and staff (personnel) against radiation accident;

• Duties of the organisations carrying out activity with the use of ionising radiation sources on the ensuring of radiation safety during radiation accident.

"On

Environmental Protection"

dated from 10.01.2002, No.

7-FZ

Defines principles of environmental protection, ecological requirements during the use of radioactive materials, standards for maximum accessible level of radiation impact, etc.

• Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the use of radioactive substances and nuclear materials.

"On Protection of Population and Territories against Natural and Man-Induced Emergency Situations" dated from 12.12.1994, No. 68-ФЗ (in the edition from 28.10.2002, No.

129-FZ)

Defines the organisational-legal norms, general for the Russian Federation, in the field of protection of population, the whole land, water, air space within the Russian Federation or its part, objects for production and social purpose, as well as the

environment against natural and man-induced emergency situations.

The present law applies to the relations arising in the process of activity of the authorities of state power of the Russian Federation, authorities of local government, as well as enterprises, institutions and organisations irrespective of their

organisational-legal form, and population in the field of protection of population and territories against emergency situations.

• Duties of the federal authorities of executive power in the field of protection of population and territories from emergency situations;

• Duties of the organisations in the field of protection of population and territories from emergency situations;

• Supervision and control in the field of protection of population and territories from emergency situations.

"On Emergency-Rescue Services and Status of Rescuers " dated from 14.07.1995, No. 151-FZ

Defines general organisational-legal and economic basis for creation and activity of rescue services, emergency-rescue forces on the territory of the Russian Federation, regulates relations in the above field between the authorities of state power, authorities of local government, as well as the enterprises, institutions, other juridical persons irrespective of their organisational-legal forms and property forms, public associations, officials and citizens of the Russian Federation; establishes rights, duties and responsibilities of rescuers;

defines fundamentals for the state policy in the field of legal and social protection of rescuers, other citizens of the Russian Federation, who are taking part in elimination of emergency situations of natural and man-induced character, and members of their families.

"On Technical Regulation"

dated from 27.12.2002, No.

184-FZ10

Regulates relations arising during:

• development, acceptance, application and execution of mandatory requirements for products, production processes, operation, storage, conveyance, realisation and disposal;

• development, acceptance, application and execution, on a voluntary basis, of requirements for products, production processes, operation, storage, conveyance, realisation and disposal,

Section "Atomic Energy" (18 in the Technical Regulations) includes:

• Requirements for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety during transport of nuclear materials, radioactive substances and radioactive waste.

Section "Medicine and Medicines" (2 in the Technical Regulations) includes:

• On radiation protection.

• On safety of radiation.

10 It will be put into effect within seven years.

Name General definition Including details performance of works or rendering

services; assessment of compliance.

The present Federal Law defines also the rights and duties of the participants, whose interrelations are regulated by the present law.

Section "Ecology" (2 in the Technical Regulations) includes:

• Monitoring of radioactive contamination.

Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation

"On Approval of the Rules of Forming, Functioning and Financing of the Regional Emergency Forces of the Operating Organisations Being Used for Elimination of Accident Consequences during

Transportation of Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Substances"

dated from 20.06.1997, No.

761.

The present Rules define the order of forming, functioning and financing of the regional emergency forces of the operating organisations being used for elimination of accident consequences during transportation of nuclear materials and radioactive substances.

1. Organisation of works on elimination of accident consequences during transport of NM and RS, which are owned by the federal authorities of executive power and organisations on the territory of the Russian Federation, shall be entrusted to the Ministry for Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation11.

The present Rules do not apply to the activity dealt with nuclear weapon and nuclear-powered facilities for military purposes.

2. Professional emergency-rescue forces of Rosatom (hereinafter referred to as ERF), which are

designated for elimination of emergency situations at the objects of nuclear industry of the Russian Federation, shall fulfill functions of the regional emergency forces of the operating organisations on protection of population and territories against emergency situations of a radiation character during transportation of NM and RS.

3. The emergency-technical centres of Rosatom serve as ERF being used for elimination of accident consequences during transportation of NM and RS.

ERF serve the regions and territories as per the List according to the Annex. If necessary, Rosatom shall introduce changes in the above List.

ERF are included into the forces of permanent readiness of the federal level of the unified state system for prevention and elimination of emergency situations.

4. Changes in ERF staff being used for elimination of accident consequences during transportation of NM and RS, as well as their location bases shall be defined by the Government of the Russian Federation upon Rosatom’s submission.

5. The main ERF functions are as follows:

• participation in performance of works on prevention of accidents during transportation of NM and RS;

• organisation and ensuring of interaction with the transport organisations and enterprises of Rosatom for the purposes of safe transportation of NM and RS and elimination of accident consequences during transport;

• providing for permanent readiness for performance of works on elimination of accident consequences during transportation of NM and RS;

• co-ordination of the plans of elimination of accident consequences during transportation of NM and RS, being developed by the organisation–consignor or -consignee (if the latter transports the cargo);

• participation in tracking of movement of NM and RS cargos;

• creation and maintenance of reserves of material resources for elimination of accident consequences during transportation of NM and RS in the routine defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

• participation in fulfillment of other measures on ensuring the safe transportation of NM and RS.

6. Works on prevention and elimination of accident consequences during transportation of NM and RS shall be carried out on the basis of contracts concluded between ERF and the organisation–

consignor or -consignee (if the latter transports the cargo).

7. Rosatom jointly with the involved federal authorities

11 It is indicated as stipulated in the Government’s Decree, at present - Rosatom (hereinafter referred to as Rosatom).

Name General definition Including details

of executive power shall approve statutes on the interaction with the organisations and enterprises participating in the works on elimination of accident consequences during transportation of NM and RS.

8. Rosatom implementing functions of a state competent authority on nuclear and radiation safety during conveyance of NM, RS and products made thereof, shall issue a certificate (permit) on conveyances of the above materials in the transport packing sets, if the following is available:

• contract signed by ERF with the organisation–

consignor or -consignee (if the latter transports the cargo);

• plan of elimination of accident consequences during transportation of nuclear materials and radioactive substances, agreed with the relevant ERF.

9. Financing of ERF activity on prevention of

emergency situations during transport of NM and RS shall be carried out at the expense of funds envisaged by the contracts between ERF and the organisations–consignors or -consignees (if the latter transports the cargo).

Financing of ERF activity on elimination of emergency situations during transportation of NM and RS shall be carried out at the expense of funds allocated in the routine established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on elimination of emergency situations.

"Statute on the Unified State System of Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations" dated from 30.12.2003, No. 794

The present Statute defines the order of organisation and functioning of the unified state system of prevention and elimination of emergency situations (RSChS), hereinafter referred to as the unified system.

1. The unified system consolidates as follows:

• Management authorities;

• Manpower and means of the federal authorities of executive power, authorities of executive power of the subjects of Russian Federation, authorities of local government and organisations making decisions in the field of protection of population and territories against emergency situations.

2. The purpose is to accomplish the tasks envisaged by the Federal Law "On Protection of Population and Territories against Natural and Man-Induced Emergency Situations".

3. The unified system comprises:

• Functional systems;

• Territorial systems.

4. The levels of scope are as follows:

• Federal;

• Regional;

• Territorial;

• Local;

• Object’s.

5. Creation, by the federal authorities of executive power, of the functional subsystems for organisation of protection of population and territories against emergency situations in the zone of activity of the above authorities12.

6. In the subjects of the Russian Federation creation of the territorial subsystems for prevention and elimination of emergency situations within the above territories (they consist of the parts corresponding to the administrative-territorial division of the above territories)13.

7. At every level of the unified system creation of:

• Co-ordination bodies;

12 Organisation, forces and means of the functional subsystems, as well as the order of their activity shall be defined by the statutes thereon, approved by the heads of the federal authorities of executive power upon co-ordination with the Ministry of the Russian Federation on the Affairs of Civil Defence and Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (hereinafter refereed to as MChS).

13 Organisation, forces and means of the territorial subsystems, as well as the order of their activity shall be defined by the statutes thereon, approved by the authorities of executive power of the Russian Federation subjects in the established routine.

Name General definition Including details

• Standing management authorities;

• Day-to-day management authorities;

• Manpower and means;

• Reserve of financial and material resources;

• Communication, notification and information provision.

"On Approval of the Statute on Licensing of Activity in the Field of Use of Atomic Energy"

dated from 14.7.1997, No.

865

The present Statute has been developed for the purposes of realisation of the

requirements of the Federal Law "On the Use of Atomic Energy", and it establishes the order and conditions for the licensing of activity in the field of use of atomic energy.

The Annex to the Statute on Licensing of Activity in the Field of Use of Atomic Energy defines the List of the Types of Activity in the Field of Use of Atomic Energy, which are licensed by Gosatomnadzor of Russia14, including:

• Management of NM and RS during transport;

• Management of RW during transport.

Federal Norms and Rules Rules of Safety

during

Transportation of Radioactive Materials. (NP-053-04)

The present Rules set the requirements for safety during transportation of radioactive materials. The requirements of the Rules cover transportation of RM by all types of transport vehicles.

Section 7 "Measures during Accidents at Conveyance of RM" stipulates general provisions and requirements, classification of accidents and basic requirements for measures in case of an accident, as well as additional requirements for measures in case of an accident during conveyance by water transport.

Norms of Radiation Safety.

(NRB-99)

NRB-99 shall be applied for the ensuring of man safety under all the conditions of impact thereon of ionising radiation of artificial or natural origin.

Requirements and standards established by the Norms are mandatory for all the juridical persons, irrespective of their subordination and property form, which activity could lead to an exposure of people, as well as for the administrations of the Russian Federation subjects, local authorities, citizens of the Russian Federation, foreigners and stateless citizens residing on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The present Norms are the fundamental document regulating requirements of the Federal Law "On Radiation Safety of Population" in the form of basic limits of doses, permissible levels of ionising radiation impact and other requirements for limitation of man exposure.

Basic Sanitary Rules of Radiation Safety Ensuring.

(OSPORB-99)

OSPORB-99 set the requirements for protection of people from harmful radiation impact under all the conditions of exposure from ionising radiation sources covered by NRB-99.

The Rules are mandatory at designing, construction, operation, reconstruction, changing of types of activity and decommissioning of radiation facilities.

The Rules apply to all the organisations designing, extracting, producing, reprocessing disposing radioactive substances and other sources of radiation, the

organisations carrying out mounting, repair and setup of instrumentation, equipment and installations, which operation is based on the use of ionising radiation, and equipment generating ionising radiation, as well as the organisations, which activity affects the level of man exposure from natural radiation sources, and the organisations performing works on the territory contaminated with radioactive substances.

Agency’s Documents Statute on

Organisation of Actions on Elimination of Accident Consequences during Conveyance of NM and RS by the Federal Railway Transport (PLA-2001)15

It defines:

• Order of actions during the accident and elimination of its consequences;

• Organisation of guidance and

management of works on elimination of accidents of categories II and III and their consequences;

• Order of performance of emergency-recovery works.

It establishes:

• Requirements for safety of personnel during actions on elimination of the accident and its consequences;

• Requirements for forces and formations involved in elimination of the accident

1. Planning of elimination of accident consequences.

2. Phases of actions during elimination of accident consequences.

3. General and special measures in the zone of accident.

4. Notification of the accident. Schemes of notification.

5. Actions of escort-personnel during the accident.

6. Actions of escort-personnel during the accident of category I.

7. Actions of escort-personnel during the accidents of categories II and III.

8. Actions of sentry staff carrying out guard of the cargo, during the accident.

9. Actions of employees of the railway transport during the accident with NM and RS.

10. Involving of Rosatom ERF during the accidents.

14 It is indicated as in the Government’s Decree, at present – the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service.

15 Developed jointly with the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (at present - Rosatom) and the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation (at present – RAO "RZhD")

Name General definition Including details

and its consequences. 11. Actions of Rosatom ERF on elimination of the accident and its consequences.

12. Urgent medical-preventive measures at the place of accident.

13. Order of actions during fires.

14. Implementation of radiation exploring at the place of accident.

15. Requirements for organisation and performance of decontamination works. Order of completion of works on elimination of accident

consequences.

16. Ensuring of confidentiality and physical protection.

17. Requirements for norm-fixing of exposure, organisation and implementation of radiation monitoring.

18. Radiation protection measures.

19. Medical-sanitary support of works on elimination of the accident and its consequences.

20. Requirements for ERF staff.

21. Order of access to perform radiation-hazardous works at the place of accident.

22. Technical equipping of ERF.

2.2. Recommendations of the International Organisations

Below the documents of the international organisations are given, which recommendations have been taken into consideration (with due account of the Russian practice) at development of requirements for planning the measures on and ensuring the preparedness for elimination of accidents with radiation consequences during transportation of RM.

Name General definition

IAEA

TS-R-1: "Standards and Regulations for Safe Transport of Radioactive Material" (2003 version, with amendments), 2004.

The document sets safety standards providing for an acceptable level of radiation control, criticality and thermal hazard for the personnel, property environment. Standards and Regulations TS-R-1 provide for a regulatory basis for all the categories of radioactive material, including SNF.

TS-G-1.1: "Consultative Material for the Standards and Regulations for Safe Transport of Radioactive Material" (2002).

The document gives clarifications and consultations on the application of the Standards and Regulations TS-R-1.

TS-G-1.2 (ST-3) "Planning and Preparing for Emergency Response to Transport Accidents Involving Radioactive Material", 2002.

The given guidance defines the structure for planning and preparation of actions in case of an accident during transport of radioactive materials, distribution of responsibility, order of emergency planning and preparation.

EU

European Agreement on International Motor Conveyance of Hazardous Cargos (ADR).

International Standards and Regulations for Hazardous Cargo Transport by Railway (RID) 92/3/Euratom’s Directive from February 3, 1992, on Supervision and Control of Radioactive Waste Conveyance between the Member-States, inside and outside the Community.

Standards and Regulations (Euratom) from June 8, 1993, on Conveyance of Radioactive Substances, between the Member-States.

96/35/ЕК Directive on Appointment and Qualification of Consultants on Safe Conveyance of Hazardous Cargos by Motor and Railway Transport and by Water.

The basic document defining recommendations on planning and preparing for actions in case of transport accident during radioactive material conveyance is the IAEA’s safety guidance series -