It is clear that the main limitation of this study lies in its cross-sectional design of the study as it is very rigid in its nature. Though it has some advantage in conducting survey studies as it is easy and cheap, it has many negative side effect that demand more care in time of analyzing the data because of its inability to show the possible other factors that could affect the outcome variable. Lack of financial resource which prevents the researcher from promising some incentives to the respondents coupled with time constraints were also other limitations that create difficulties in getting desired respondents which eventually questioned the generalizability of the outcome of the study. The researcher, therefore, suggests further research should be done that will increase the
sample size and extend the scope of the study to include more hotels and restaurants from different levels
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Appendix
Figure-2 Scatter plot (BIVAR) = total inclusion/exclusion with total job satisfaction
Figure-3 Scatter plot (BIVAR) = total social support with total job satisfaction
Table 7 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for Inclusion and Ethnicity
Robust Tests of Equality of Means
statistic df1 df2 Sig.
Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: total inclusion/exclusion
Tukey HSD
(I) Country of origin (J) Country of origin Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 8 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for social support and Ethnicity
Descriptive
ANOVA
Robust Tests of Equality of Means
statistic df1 df2 Sig. Dependent Variable: total social support
Tukey HSD
(I) Country of origin (J) Country of origin Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 9 Analysis of t-test for inclusion and gender Group statistics
Independent sample test
Table- 10 Analysis of t-test for social support and gender Group statistics
Table-11 Analysis of t-test in respect to inclusion and social support with age
Group statistics
Table-12 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) between ethnicity and Job satisfaction
Robust Tests of Equality of Means
statistic df1 df2 Sig.
Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: total job satisfaction
Tukey HSD
(I) Country of origin (J) Country of origin Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Table-13 Analysis of t-test in respect to Job satisfaction with Gender
Group statistics
Table- 14 Analysis of t-test for Job satisfaction and Age
B20 .635 .646 .757 .597 .585 .598 .659 .649 .638 .643 B21 .638 .595 .592 .499 .540 .565 .574 .621 .617 .522 B22 .163 -.248 -.375 -.317 -.111 -.106 -.143 -.138 -.240 -.008 C23 .542 .589 .655 .498 .554 .473 .656 .646 .537 .529 C24 .548 .647 .668 .556 .573 .585 .661 .675 .653 .606 C25 .651 .680 .683 .665 .619 .480 .599 .675 .578 .529 C26 .656 .713 .685 .639 .583 .631 .709 .711 .649 .595
Total variance explained
component
Initial eigenvalues Total % of variance cum. %
Extraction sums of squared load-ings
Total % of variance cum.%
Rotation sums of sq.
loading Total 1 14.390 55.346 55.346 14.390 55.346 55.346 14.327 2 23.52 9.046 64.392 2.352 9.046 64.392 2.776 3 1.119 4.302 68.694 1.119 4.302 68.694 1.505 4 .951 3.660
5 .840 3.232
26
KMO and Bartlett’s Test Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin Measure of sampling Adequacy
Approx. Chi-square Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity df.
Sig.
.937
2584.372 325 .000
Rotated component matrix
Table-16 Cross Tabulation of Gender, Education and Job categories TABLE-17 Cross Tabulation of Age (grouped) and Tenure (grouped) ≤ 3 4-6 7-9 10-12 ≥ 13 TOTAL
TABLE-18 Cross Tabulation of Age (grouped) and Job categories
Marketing Administration Sales Finance Reception Others Total ≥ 35 TABLE-19 Cross Tabulation of Ethnicity and Job categories
marketing administration sales Finance Reception others Total Norwegian
Cronbach’s alpha Number of items
.943 10
Table-21 Reliability statistics
Cronbach’s alpha Number of items
.862 12
Cronbach’s alpha Number of items
.905 4
Questionnaires
Dear respondents
I am 2nd year master student at university of Stavanger Norwegian school of hotels and tourism.
As part of my study, I am conducting a survey on the topic of job satisfaction in hospitality industry in Rogaland region. I would like to know your honest opinion on your experience as an employee based on the following questions. Your identity and response are completely
anonymous. This questionnaire will take maximum 10 minutes. Please use the scale to indicate your agreement level of each of the following areas. You can do that by circling the number.
Your agreement level in regard to decision making and information network
Strongly disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree A1. I have influence in decisions taken by my work group regarding
our tasks 1 2 3 4 5
A2. I am able to influence decisions that affect my organization
1 2 3 4 5
A3. My supervisor often asks for my opinion before making important
decisions 1 2 3 4 5
A4. I am often invited to contribute my opinion in meeting with
management higher than my immediate supervisor 1 2 3 4 5
A5. I am often asked to contribute in planning social activities not
directly related to my job function 1 2 3 4 5
A6. My coworkers openly share work-related information with me
1 2 3 4 5
A7. I am usually among the last to know about changes in the
organization 1 2 3 4 5
A8. My supervisor does not share information with me 1 2 3 4 5
A9. I frequently receive communication from management higher than
my immediate supervisor (i.e. memos, e-mails) 1 2 3 4 5
A10. I am always informed about informal social activities and
company social events 1 2 3 4 5
Your agreement level in regard to support you get from internal and external of your workplace
Strongly disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree B11. The support I get from my supervisor helps to make my work life
easier. 1 2 3 4 5
B12. The support I get from my coworkers helps to make my work life
easier 1 2 3 4 5
B13. The support I get from my wife, friends and relatives helps to
make my work life easier 1 2 3 4 5
B14. It is easy to me to talk with my supervisor
1 2 3 4 5
B15. It is easy to me to talk with my coworker 1 2 3 4 5
B16. It easy to me to talk with my wife, friends and relatives
1 2 3 4 5
B17. I rely on my supervisor when things get tough at work
1 2 3 4 5
B18. I rely on my coworkers when things get tough at work
1 2 3 4 5
B19. I rely on my wife, friends and relatives when things get tough at
work 1 2 3 4 5
B20. My supervisor is willing to listen my personal problems
1 2 3 4 5
B21. My coworkers are willing to listen my personal problems
1 2 3 4 5
B22. My wife, friends and relatives are willing to listen my personal
problems 1 2 3 4 5
Your agreement level in regard to general satisfaction with your job
Strongly disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree
Your personal information
D27. Your age _______
D28. Gender (1) male (2) female
D29. Total number of years you are in this organization _____________
D30. Country of origin __________
D30. Country of origin __________