Report on Consultancy to the Zambia/Zimbawe SADCC Fisheries Project. September 1991. E. Ursin
Results from the
hydroaucoustic survey ofLake Kariba (January
1992) - T. Lindem (9) Midwater trawling trialson Lake Kariba for
Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) (October 1992) C. Radc1iffe (17) W orking group on assessment of Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) in Lake Kariba (Zambia and Zimbabwe) (11)Inshore Fisheries
Report on Consultancy to the Zambia/Zimbawe SADCC Fisheries Project. September 1991. E. UrsinFishing trials for
Synodontis zambezensis on Lake Kariba on behalf of the LKFRI (October 1992) - C. Radc1iffe (18)Catch Effort Data I MPhilJMSC Studies
Recording System
The proposed catch and effort data recording system for LKFRI (Zimbabwe) and DoF (Zambia) and the Frame Survey of Lake Kariba V.Thorsteinsson, R. A. Sanyanga, J. Lupikisha (7)Lake Kariba Joint
Statistical Report -April 1992 R.A. Sanyanga, J.Lupikísha, L.D.
Muchabaiwa (12) The Catch and Effort Data Recording systems, frame surveys and databases for fisheries data on Kariba in Zambia and ZimbabweJuly 1992
V.Thosrsteinsson (13) A-23 L.P. Karenge1992. Inshore fish population changes at Lakeside, Kariba, between 1969 to 1991. M:Phil thesis. University of Bergen 54 pp. N. Songore - Assessment of the potential development of a Synodontis zambezensis fishery on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe - University of HullPHD Studies/Seperate Articles Growth, mortality,
maturity and Lngth Weight parameters of fishes in Lake Kariba, Africa- J. Kolding, E.M. Tira in, L. Karenge - Naga, October 1992Kapenta Fishery
An update on the status ofKapenta research
(Septemebr 1993) ZZSPF Staff and P. Degnbol (27) Mid water trawling trials on LakeKariba - an update of developments to August 1993 (August 1993) C. Radcliffe (29) Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) on Lake Kariba (March 1994) H. Paulsen (30)Inshore Fisheries
Catch Effort Data I MPhil/SC StudiesRecording System PHD Studies/Seperate Articles On the relation between A manual for the
hydrology and fisheries in Zambia/Zimbabwe SADC man made Lake Karba, Fisheries Project Database Central Africa (September (September 1993) R.A. 1993) L. Karenge and J. Sanyanga, J. Lupikisha, Koldin (25) L.D. Muchabaiwa (22) Report on the assessment 1993 Frame Survey Report of the inshore stocks of - Part I Zimbabwe Lake Kariba (September (Septmeber 1993) R.A. 1993) ZZSFP staff and P. sanyanga, L.D. degnbol (26) Muchabaiwa. Par II- (Zambia) (December 1993 J.M. Luoikisha (31) A-24A hydroaucoustic A report on the staus of the
assessment of the stocks of Nile Bream (Oreochromis Kapenta (Limnothrissa niloticus) in Lake Kariba - miodon) in Lake Cabora Ddraft Only. P.C. Bassa (Mozambique) and a Chifamba (35) comparison with the stocks in Lake Kariba - Draft Only . P. Ngalande, W. Mhlanga, N. Songore, A. Baloi, A. Pegado (34) W orking group on the assessment orf Kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) in Lake Kariba (Zambia and Zimbabwe) March 1996 - DIFMAR and ZZSFP staff (41) A boundary review of the inshore fishing zones of Lake Kariba (Zambia and Zimbabwe may 1995 L. karenge and I Garnes (39) The status of the arisanal fishery on Lake Kariba: indications from the gilnet sampling program P.c. Munandalu (in 45)1993 J oint Fishreis statitistics report for Lake Kariba (October 1994).
RA. Sanyanga, L.d.
Muchabaiwa, RM.Chitembure and J.
Lupikisha (36) 1994 J oint Fisheries Statistical Report - Lake Kariba (October 1995) L. karenge, L.D. Ncube, M.Mugwagwa, R Chitembure, J.
Mun'gomba (43) Results of the Frame Surveys and Catch and effort data Recording Systems on Lake Kariba, Zambian side R,M, Chitembure (in 45)1995 Joint Fisheries
Statistical Report - Lake Kariba (November 1996) L. Karenge, L.D. Ncube, R.M. Chitembure (49) A-25Assessment of the
tanganyika c1upeid, Limnothrissa miodon, in Lake Kariba, M.Phil thesis Uni. of Bergen Inshore fish population changes in the Zambian waters of Lake Kariba from 1980 to 1995 B. Musando. Mphil thesis,DFMB Uni. of bergen
Norway Plus ça change, plus c'est le même chose - On the ecology and exploitation of fish in fluctuating tropical freshwater systems - Jeppe KoldingDFMB, University of
Bergen, Norway (aric1eIlL. On the relation
between hydrology and fisheries in Lake Kariba, Central Africa) Inshore fish poulation changes in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. pp245-275 in TJ. Pitches and PJ.B.Har (eds.) impact of
species changes in African lakes. Chapman& Hall Some management aspects of the recruitment ecology of the freshwater sardine limnothrissa miodon in Lake Kariba M.Z. Mtsambiwa University of British Columbia June 1996Inshore Fisheries A study of tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus,
Castelnau) in the Bumi basin of lake Kariba, Zimbabwe - W. Mhlanga (in 45)Catch Effort Data I MPhil/SC Studies
Recording System PHD Studies/Seperate Articles
Evaluation of lift-net selectivity in the freshwater sardine limnothrissa miodon fishery on Lake Kariba,Zzimbabwe - M.Z.
Mtsambiwa, Fiseheries Research 26:373-379R.A. Sanyanga - the
inshore fish populations of Lake Kariba with reference to the biologyof Synodontis
zambezensis Peters 1852 A-26Annex B
Assessment of the economic and sociolocical research
EconomIc Research
SHORT DESCRION OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH WITHIN THE PROJECT
In the project proposal elaborated by Dr. Lewis, May L 989 the importanee of condueting econornc research in relation to management of the kapenta fishery was dearly emphasized, and it was proposed that an econornc appraisal of the kapenta fishery together with an examnation of the marketing system for kapenta should be conducted.
However, in the Project dòcument, May 1990 econornc research was not mentioned among the main activities to be undertaken in order to elaborate management plans for the kapenta fishery in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Anyhow, an outcome of the LF A workshop of the kapenta fishery
September 1990 was to develop a bio-econornc management model for the kapenta fishery (Output 6).
The econornc research component has always been seen as a consultancy service. Regardless hereof no dear strategy has been developed on how to apply the bio-econornc results in a management perspective.
DESCRIPTON OF OUTPUTS
Two reports have been prepared on econornc research, project report nos.:
14: An Econornc Assessment of the Lake Kariba Kapenta Fishery in Zambia and Zimbabwe. A.
Palfreman and J. Løvland. August 1992. Supplemented by A Technical Addendum. November 1993.
37: A Fish Marketing Survey of Zimbabwe. ZZSFP, ALCOM and Sevaly Sen. Februar 1995.
No workshop has been organised to dissernnate econornc research. However, a bio-econornc workshop is scheduled for June 1997 to be faeilitated by an international expert.
ASSESSMENT OF QUAUTY
The quality of the econornc assessment of the kapenta fishery is found to be below average. It especially fails to undertake detailed comparative analysis of the econornc performanee of different categories of operators. In this respect it would have been appropriate to undertake simple sensitivity analysis to assess what impact changes in various costs and revenue factors would have on profit. Furthermore, the market issues are largely neglected, and the consultants do not to any major extent supplement their own findings with the data presented in a FAO report: "Econornc appraisal of the pelagic fishery of Lake Kariba" , 1 99 1.
B-I
Compared to the FAO report the econornc assessment study does only to a rnnor extent provide additional information of importanee for management deeisions. Even though the econornc assessment study contains relevant management information, it is poorly presented and diffcult to use for managers.
However, it must be taken into account, that the ToR were very broadly formulated and not clearly prioritized. Furthermore, the consultants had lirnted time at their disposal to do the research, and therefore they were already from the outset placed in a difficult position. It should be mentioned,
that the quality of the study was improved considerably by the subrnssion of the technical
addendum.
The marketing study is a good study, containing valuable information about the market for fish and fish products in Zimbabwe. The study has been carried out in accordance to TOR. It is, however, the impression of the team, that the market study should have been expanded to include an analysis of
the power structure at the Zimbabwean fis h market and an estimation of the future demand for the
most important speeies in Zimbabwe. Such studies would provide valuable information on the prospects of fish prices to managers.
ASSESSMENT OF RELEV ANCE
The research undertaken is extremely relevant and important in a management perspective,
espeeially the econornc viability study of the kapenta industry and the marketing study.
However, the team found it rather premature that the project at an early stage decided to primarily focus the econornc research on the development of a bio-econornc model for the kapenta fishery due to the fact that thorough, biological research on the sustainability of the kapenta resource was on-going. It may, however, have been difficult and against traditional wisdom to foresee in 1990, that CPUE in the kapenta fishery should be fairly constant with increased effort. Based on the latest biological results it seems irrelevant to undertake traditional bio-econornc modellng of the kapenta fishery.
The team strongly questions the relevanee of the scheduled bio-econornc workshop, if the intention is to have a "traditional bio-econornc" workshop, as neither the traditional biological models nor the econornc models seem to be applicable to the kapenta fishery to any large extent. In spite of this
the team sees the need for an econornc workshop on the econornc viability and finaneial situation
of the kapenta industry.
ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAIABILITY
As the econornc research has been caried out by external consultants, the sustainability of. the research is doubtful, but the upcornng workshop can be very helpful. A large data collection is on-going involving the two econornsts at DoF in Zambia, but unfortunately there has not been any econornst available at the Zimbabwean side. It is the impression of the team, that the kapenta operators in both countries would like to see the econornc assessment to be an annual event, whIch is a prornsing perspective.
B-2
However, such an exereise wil espeeially in the first couple of years need some form of supervision or back -stopping from an experienced fishery econornst in order to build up the capacity within DoF and DNPWLM.
ANAL YSIS OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS
It is difficult to assess the econornc achievements during the project, first of all due to the fact that econornc research had rather low/no importanee in the project documents. Econornc research has been caried out to support management deeisions. However, for various reasons none of the two studies have had any major impact on kapenta management. Furthermore, no marketing study has been undertaken in Zambia.
As external consultants have been used to undertake the econornc research, the capacity building within DoF and DNPWLM in the econornc discipline has been marginaL. In relation to kapenta management the importanee of econornc research has been underestimated, whIch to a large extent
is a consequence of lack of advise to the project on how econornc research can support