5. R ESULTS : D ESIGN OF A POE T OOL FOR U RBAN D ISTRICTS
5.1 L IVEABILITY P RINCIPLES D EFINITION
This subsection presents this research interpretation of how liveability is understood and contextualized by the areas concept, measurement and practice. The concept, through the analysis of existing surveys reports and city tools to understand what the peoples’ demands are. The measurement, through the analysis of green building certification standards, to understand what the certification schemes are evaluating for plan and design of social practices. The practice, through a case study analysis, to know how liveability transits from plan and design to implementation.
FIGURE 4 - LIVEABILITY PRINCIPLES INTEGRATION
As departing point, a liveability framework is created to establish this research categories of liveability. The resulting category list is in accordance in topic with the seven key priority factors identified in the survey report Creating Liveable Cities Together.
33 FIGURE 5 - LIVEABILITY PRINCIPLES CATEGORIES
Liveability concept
A comparison is made between Rambøll’s Survey Report and Social City Index tool described in the section Liveability Concept: What people demands. The intent is to understand the relevance of the Liveability Framework Categories (Error! Reference source not found.) among them. The comparison analysis table (Appendix section Table 15 – Interpretation of Liveability by ConceptTable 15) integrates the number of parameters, the parameters description, and the liveability principles category on which they rely. It was found that even with the same scale of evaluation, the included parameters and the categories they relate to, differ among city surveys. The results are summarized in the following table.
TABLE 7 – LIVEABILITY CATEGORIES RELEVANCE AMONG THE CONCEPT
Liveability measurement
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Climate Change Mitigation
Connection with nature
Urban Safety Social mix &
affordability
Local Economy Mobility Microclimate
PARAMETER
CATEGORY
Ramboll Social City
34 A comparison is made among the DGNB and the BREEAM certification schemes for urban scale. The intent is to extract the parameters that could be relevant for the Liveability Principles and the parameters among them that rely within the established categories. The comparison analysis table integrates the Liveability principles Category, the number of parameters, the theme area as defined by the certification is the parameter embedded, the parameter as named in the certification scheme, the parameter objective, the physical space of the urban scale project on which this factor can be intervened; and how is it measured. The two certification schemes integrate their parameters within the liveability categories, as presented below. The complete analysis and comparison table can be found in Appendix section Table 17.
TABLE 8 – LIVEABILITY CATEGORIES RELEVANCE AMONG GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATIONS
Liveability practice
For liveability practice, it was not developed a comparison but a categorization of the project qualities within the defined Liveability Categories. This analysis incorporated the number of values for liveability the project has, its practice in the project, the physical area on which the practice was intervened and, an example or reference in the project. The complete analysis can be found in the Appendix section Table 18. The following table, represents the current Liveability practice in the project Nordhavn, as defined by the stakeholders interviewed.
TABLE 9 – LIVEABILITY CATEGORIES RELEVANCE FOR THE PRACTICE
Comparison
The liveability principles interlink and integrate the citizen’s demands, what green building certification schemes evaluate and what planners & designers do. The spiderweb below puts together the summary for each analysis area: concept, measurement and practice. It generates an overall comparison of the liveability categories relevance within the defined liveability framework.
0
Urban Safety Social mix &
affordability
Urban Safety Social mix &
affordability
35 TABLE 10 – COMPARISON OF THE LIVEABILITY CATEGORIES RELEVANCE IN THE CONCEPT, MEASUREMENT AND PRACTICE
The spiderweb shows that Social Mix and affordability category is the one with a predominance of parameters for the concept and measurement, representing 31% and 43% accordingly. This tells about the great correlation between liveability and social sustainability. However, liveability goes beyond what is categorized within social sustainability. It comprehends areas related to economic and ecologic development too. This illustrative representation is also an example of the different understanding among the concept, the measurement and the practice of what makes a place liveable. However, beyond comparing and understanding its variations, the intention is to integrate liveability principles from these three-area sources, as detailed below.
Liveability Principles Results
The parameters within the liveability principles are defined by the repetition of keywords
“parameters” is the three presented lists: Concept, Measurement, Practice. The resulting list of Liveability principles is the integration of the identified parameters among these three areas. The list of Liveability principles includes seven categories and 21 parameters. The categories are as presented above: Climate Change Mitigation, Connection with nature, Urban Safety, Social-Mix and Affordability, Local Economy, Mobility, and Urban Microclimate. The list will be the base to generate the indicators for the POE Tool for Liveability in Urban Districts.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Climate Change Mitigation
Connection with nature
Urban Safety
Social mix & affordability Local Economy &
Infrastructure Mobility
Urban Microclimate
practice # in concept # in measurment
36 TABLE 11 – LIVEABILITY PRINCIPLES
VALUE FOR
LIVABILITY CATEGORY PARAMETER
v1
Climate Change Mitigation
Flooding and Storms
v2 Waste management
v3
v7 Wild nature & Biodiversity
v8 Urban Safety Appealing streets and public space
v9 Trafic
v10 Social mix & affordability Housing price & Affordability
v11 Diversity and community
v12
Local Economy & Infrastructure
Employment opportunities
v13 Flexibility & Functional Integration
v14 Urban services
v15
Mobility
Connectivity
v16 Collective mobility
v17 Active mobility
v18 Road infrastrucutre
v19
Urban Microclimate
Air
v20 Noise
v21 Light
On this research phase 1, there were identified and integrated the key values “parameters” for the different areas analysed: concept, measurement and practice. The Liveability principles combine categories and parameters. Together, they result in the framework that responds to the first research question How the qualities that enhance liveability at the urban district’s scale can be defined for a local context? The proposed method aims to go beyond theoretical definitions. This research suggests that the qualities that enhance liveability can be defined firstly, by the local residents themselves by surveying people’s needs and wants. Secondly, by investigating existing metrics for evaluation that address those areas with a sustainability approach, as it is the case of the green building certifications that have already embedded in their schemes the resulting topics from the survey. Thirdly, to combine the first two with an analysis of what has already done in the built environment. Lastly, to interlink the similar parameters among the three. The interlink of concept, measurement and practice can result in a list of feasible to impact, to measure and to build qualities that can enhance liveability. The next subsection will elaborate on the process of designing the Liveability indicators framework.
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