• No results found

Utility lever: Environmental friendliness

5. Conclusions and further work

5.3 Further work

Some limitations were made in the beginning of this thesis. Mostly, these limitations concerned to what extent I would contribute to the innovation process for the credit company. After collecting the customer needs through qualitative research, the natural next step would be to get the customers to prioritise the needs and the current degree of satisfaction based on quantitative techniques74.

From there, the Fuzzy Front End would deal with translating needs to innovations. All the extracted needs should be treated individually in order to derive concepts and solutions to the expressed needs. Further work during the conceptualisation phase of the innovation process should combine industry knowledge, knowledge about technology, and feasibility to develop, as well as prioritise these potential solutions by using portfolio management tools. I have chosen to keep this phase outside the scope for my thesis, but to help the following process, I will illustrate how it could be done by selecting a random example from the above list of needs:

449 I don't know the PIN codes to my credit cards

There are an unknown number of possible solutions to this need, but a couple of suggestions could be:

Eliminate need for pin code altogether

Distribute pin code electronically to customer on demand Develop tool helping customer remembering pin code

In chapter 4.3.1, I launched the hypothesis that the use of the utility matrix could give an early indication of how conceptualising solutions to the listed needs would influence the customer in terms of what utility lever is pulled and in what phase of the experience cycle their needs are met. Maybe this could even be of some help in the conceptualisation process?

These questions would be of interest to elaborate further.

As mentioned in the previous section, the empirical validity of some of the utilised theories in this thesis could possibly be disputed. This would leave several opportunities for further research. Narrowing in on my main focus of the Fuzzy Front End, it would be of particular interest to learn to what extent companies have started structuring their innovation processes.

The obvious question needed to be answered is whether those structuring the process find and exploit more innovative opportunities and, as such, gain the better economical results.

6. References

1 Porter, M. E. (1980) “Competitive Strategy”, The Free Press

2 Porter, M.E. (1985) “Competitive Advantage: Creating and sustaining Superior Performance”, The Free Press

3 Kim, W. C. and Mauborgne, R. (2005) “Blue Ocean Strategy How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant”, Harvard Business School Press

4 Schumpeter, J. (1934), “The Theory of Economic Development”, Harvard University Press

5 Kahn, K. B. (2005), “The PDMA Glossary for New Product Development”, The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development 2nd edition”, John Wiley & Sons

6 Katz, G. (2004), “The Voice of the Customer”, The PDMA Toolbook for New Product Development, John Wiley & Sons

7 Cohen, L (1995) “Quality Function Development: How to Make QFD Work for You”, Addison-Wesley Publishing

8 Gripsrud, G. and Olsson, U. H. (2000) “Markedsanalyse. 2. utg.” Høyskoleforlaget

9 Deflem, M. (1998) "An Introduction to Research Design.", www.mathieudeflem.net

10 Boike, D. G., Bonifant, B. and Siesfeld T. (2005), “Market Analysis and Segmentation for New Products”, The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development 2nd edition”, John Wiley & Sons

11 Grenness, T. (2001) ”Innføring i vitenskapsteori og metode. 2. utg.”, Universitetsforlaget

12 Griffin, A. and Hauser, J (1993) “The Voice of the Customer”, Marketing Science 12, 1, Winter

13 Dane, F. C., (1990) “Research methods”, Pacific Grove, Calif: Brooks/Cole Publ. Co

14 Kim C. W. and Mauborgne R. A (2000), ”Knowing a Winning Business Idea When You See One”, Harvard Business Review, September-October

15 Glesne, C. and Peshkin, P. (1992) “Becoming qualitative researches: An introduction”, Longman.

16 Winter, G. (2000) “A comparative discussion of the notion of validity in qualitative and quantitative research”, The Qualitative Report, 4(3&4)

17 Hoepfl, M. C. (1997) “Choosing qualitative research: A primer for technology education researchers.”, Journal of Technology Education, 9(1): 47-63

18 Golafshani, N. (2003) “Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research”, The Qualitative Report, 8(4): 597-606

19 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/innovation

20 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/innovation.html

21 Rogers, E. (1983) “Diffusion of Innovations, 3rd edition”, The Free Press

22 Schumpeter, J. (1934), “The Theory of Economic Development”, Harvard University Press

23 Barney, J. B. (1996) “Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage”, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company

24 Hill, C. W. L. and Jones, G. R (1995) “Strategic Management Theory”, Houghton Miffin

25 Jacobson, R. (1992) "The „Austrian‟ school of strategy", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17: 782-807

26 Porter, M. E. (1990) “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, The Free Press

27 Barney, J. B. (1991) "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage", Journal Of Management, Vol 17: 99-120.

28 Hill, C.W.L. and Deeds, D.L (1996) "The importance of industry structure for the determination of firm profitability: a neo-Austrian perspective", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 33 No.4: 429-51

29 Teece, D.J., Pisano G. and Shuen A. (1997) “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management”, Strategic Management Journal. 18(7): 509–533

30 Prahalad, C.F. and Hamel, G (1990) “The Core Competence of the Corporation.” Harvard Business Review.

90(3): 79–93

31Teece, D.J. (1998) “Capturing Value From Knowledge Assets: The New Economy, Markets for Know-How, and Intangible Assets.”, California Management Review. 40(3): 55–79.

32 Paladino, A. (2007) “Investigating the drivers of innovation and new product success: a comparison of strategic orientations”, The Journal of Product Innovation Management (USA), Vol 24 Issue 6: 534

33 Kleinschmidt E J, de Brentani U, and Salomo S. (2007) “Performance of global new product development programs: a resource-based view”, The Journal of Product Innovation Management (USA), Vol 24 Issue 5: 419

34 D‟Aveni, R. A. (1994) ”Hypercompetition – Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering”, The Free Press

35 Christensen, C. M. (1997) ”The Innovator‟s Dilemma”, Harvard Business School Press

36 Christensen C. M. and Raynor M. E. (2003), “The Innovator‟s Solution. Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth”, Harvard Business School Press

37 Christensen, C. M., Anthony, S. D. and Roth, E. A. (2004) “Seeing What‟s Next: Using the theories of innovation to predict industry change”, Harvard Business School Publishing

38 Anthony, S. D. and Christensen C. M. (2003) “Performance, Convenience, Price: What‟s your Brand About?”, Innovation Handbook: A Road Map to Disruptive Growth, The Harvard Business School Publishing

39 Levy, B. (2005), ”Value pioneering – how to discover your own „„blue ocean‟‟: interview with W. Chan Kim and Reneé Mauborgne”, Strategy & Leadership, Vol. 33 No 6

40 Holmén M., Magnusson M. and McKelvey M. (2007), “What are Innovative opportunities?”, Industry and Innovation, 14:1, 27 - 45

41 http://www.doblin.com/IdeasIndexFlashFS.htm

42 Doblin (2004), ”Presentation: On innovation effectiveness”

43 Sawhney, M., Wolcott, R. and Arroniz, I. (2006), “The 12 Different Ways for Companies to Innovate”, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 47 No.3

44 Gadrey J., Gallouj F. and Weinstein O. (1995), ”New modes of innovation: How services benefitindustry”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 6 (3), 4-16

45 Vermeulen, P. (2001), ”Organizing Product Innovation in Financial Services”, Nijmegen Univeristy Press

46 Kuczmarski, T. D and Johnston, Z. T. (2005), ”Service Development”, The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development 2nd edition”, John Wiley & Sons

47 Green, L., Howells, J. and Miles, I. (2001), ”Services and Innovation: Dynamics of Service Innovation in the European Union”, PREST/CRIC, University of Manchester & UMIST,

48 Den Hertog, P. and Bilderbeek, R. (1999), ”Conceptualising Service Innovation and Service Innovation Patterns”, Thematic essay1 within the framework of the Research Programme Strategic Information Provision on Innovation and Services (SIID) for the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Directorate for General Technology Policy

49 De Jong, J. P. J, Bruins, A., Dolfsma, W., Meijaard, J. (2003), ”Innovation in service firms explored: what, how and why?”, EIM Business & Policy Research

50 Den Hertog, P. (2000), ”Knowledge-Intensive business services as co-producers of innovation”, International Journal of Innovation Management, 4: 491-528

51 Cooper, R. G. (2005), ”New Products – What Separates the Winners from the Loosers and What drives Success”, The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development 2nd edition”, John Wiley & Sons

52 Cooper, R. G. and Edgett, S. J. (2006), ”Stage-gate and the Critical Success Factors for New Product Development”, BP Trends July

53 Cooper, R. G, Edgett, S. J. and Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2001), ”Portfolio Management for New Products 2nd edition”, Basic Books

54 Koen, P. A. (2005), ”The Fuzzy Front End for Incremental, Platform, and Breakthrough Products”, The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development 2nd edition”, John Wiley & Sons

55 Koen, P. A., Ajamian, G. M., Boyce, S., Clamen, A., Fisher, E., Fountoulakis, S., Johnson, A., Puri, P.

and Seibert, R. (2002), ”Fuzzy Front End: Effective Methods, Tools and Techniques”, The PDMA Toolbook 1 for New Product Development, John Wiley & Sons

56 Cooper, R. G. (2001), ”Winning at New Products, 3rd edition”, Perseus Publishing

57 Wheelwright, S. and Clark, K. B. (1992), ”Revolutionizing Product Development: Quantum Leaps in Speed , Efficiency and Quality”, Free Press

58 Chesbrough, H. (2003), ”Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology”, Harvard Business School Press

59 Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W. and West, J. (2006), ”Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm”, Oxford University Press

60 Chesbrough, H. W. (2003), “The Era of Open Innovation,” MIT Sloan Management Review, v44:3

61 Chesbrough, H. W. (2007), Video: Speaker Series with Henry Chesbrough on Open Innovation, http://www.boxxet.com/University_of_California,_Berkeley/Video_Speaker_Series_with_Henry_Chesbrough_

on_Open_Innovation.1ep9ly.d

62 Prahalad, C.K, & Ramaswamy, V. (2004) ”Co-creation Experiences: The New Practice in Value Creation”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 19(3), 5-14

63 Griffin, A. (2005), ”Obtaining Customer Needs for Product Development”, The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development 2nd edition”, John Wiley & Sons

64 Ballantyne, D. (2004), ”Dialogue and its role in the development of relationship specific knowledge”, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 19(2), 114-123

65 Lusch, R. P. andVargo, S. L. (2006), ”The service dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate and directions, Armonk, NY: M.I. Sharp

66 Payne, A. F., Storbacka, K. and Frow, P. (2008) ”Managing the co-creation of value”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36:83-96

67 Von Hippel, E. (2001) ”User Toolkits for Innovation: A Practical Guide”, Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=290321

68 Von Hippel, E. and Katz, R. (2002) ”Shifting innovation to users via toolkits”, Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=309740

69 Sawhney, M., Verona, G. and Prandelli E. (2005) “Collaborating to create: The Internet as a Platform for Customer Engagement in Product Innovation”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 19(4), 4-17

70 Nesheim, J. L. (2005), ”The Power of Unfair Advantage: How to Create It, Build It, and Use It to Maximum Effect”, Free Press

71 Anthony, S. D., Johnson, M. W. and Eyring, M. (2004), ”How to Place Your Best Bets: A three-point plan for picking high-potential opportunities”, Strategy & Innovation March-April, Harvard Business School Publishing

72 Cornella, A. (2005), ”Futuro presente: El futuri es a atreverse hoy: 101 Ideas-fuerza par a entender las proximas decadas”, Deusto s.a. ediciones

73 Headly, K., White, J., dit de la Roche, C. P. and Banerjea, S. (2005), ”The Paradox of Banking 2015:

Achieving more by doing less”, IBM Corporation

74 Ulwick, A. W (2002), ”Turn Customer Input into Innovation”, Harvard Business Review January, 91-97

Appendix