• No results found

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.9 Discussion of methodological issues

AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE VIGILÂNCIA SANITÁRIA. Resolução-RE nº 899, de 29 de maio de 2003. Disponível em:

<http://www.anvisa.gov.br/legis/resol/2003/re/899_03re.htm>. Acesso em: 12 fev. 2008.

ALDA, M. J. L.; BARCELÓ, D. Determination of steroid sex hormones and related synthetic compounds considered as endocrine disrupters in water by liquid

chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry. Journal of

Chromatography A, v. 892, p. 391–406, 2000.

ALDA, M. J. L.; BARCELÓ, D. Determination of steroid sex hormones and related synthetic compounds considered as endocrine disrupters in water by fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–diode array detection. Journal

of Chromatography A, v. 911, p. 203–210, 2001.

ALDA, M. J. L.; DÍAZ-CRUZ, S.; PETROVIC, M.; BARCELÓ, D. Liquid

chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry of selected emerging pollutants (steroid sex hormones, drugs and alkylphenolic surfactants) in the aquatic environment. Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1000, p. 503–526, 2003.

ALMEIDA, C.; NOGUEIRA, J.M.F. Determination of steroid sex hormones in water and urine matrices by stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 41, p. 1303–1311; 2006.

AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL (ACC). Chemicals in the environment and

the endocrine system. Disponível em:

<http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_phthalate/sec.asp?CID=2014&DID=8697>. Acesso em: 12 abr. 2009.

ARAÚJO, J. C. Estudo da eficiência do tratamento de efluentes domésticos da

cidade de Araraquara-SP na remoção de hormônios sexuais. 2006. 83 f.

Dissertação (Mestrado em Química Analítica). Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2006.

ARUKWE, A.; GOKSØYR, A. Eggshell and egg yolk proteins in fish: hepatic proteins for the next generation: oogenetic, population, and evolutionary implications of

endocrine disruption. Comparative Hepatology 2:4, 2003. Disponível em:

<http://www.comparative-hepatology.com/content/2/1/4>. Acesso em: 29 set. 2009.

BAREL-COHEN, K.; SHORE, L.S.; SHEMESH, M.; WENZEL, A.; MUELLER, J.; KRONFELD-SCHOR, N. Monitoring of natural and synthetic hormones in a polluted river. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 78, n. 1, p. 16-23, 2006.

BARONTI, C.; CURINI, R.; D’ASCENZO, G.; DICORCI, A. , GENT ILI, A.; SAMPERI, R. Monitoring natural and synthetic estrogens at activated sludge sewage treatment plants and in a receiving river water. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, n. 24, p. 5059-5066, 2000.

BARRIONUEVO, W. R.; LANÇAS, F. M. Extração em fase sólida (SPE) e micro extração em fase sólida (SPME) de piretróides em água. Química Nova, v. 24, n. 2, p. 172-175, 2001.

BENFEY,T. J.; DONALDSON, E. M.; OWEN,T.G. An homologous radioimmunoassay for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) vitellogenin, with general applicability to other Pacific salmonids. General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 75, p. 78–82, 1989.

BILA, D.M.; DEZOTTI, M. Desreguladores endócrinos no meio ambiente: efeitos e conseqüências. Química Nova, v. 33, p. 651–666, 2007.

BIRKETT, J. W. Scope of the problem. In: BIRKETT, J. W.; LESTER, J.N. (Eds.).

Endocrine disrupters in wastewater and sludge treatment process. Boca Raton:

BOWLER, R. M.; CONE, J. E. Segredos em medicina do trabalho. Porto Alegre: Artmed Editora, 2001. p. 396.

BRASIL. Secretária do Estado do meio ambiente. CETESB. Relatório. 2008. Disponível em: <http://www.cetesb.sp.gov.br/Agua/rios/publicacoes.asp>. Acesso em: 28 ag. 2009.

BRASIL. Secretaria do Estado do meio ambiente. CETESB. 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.cetesb.sp.gov.br>. Acesso em: 2 ago. 2009.

CAMPBELL, C. G.; BORGLIN, S. E.; GREEN, F. B.; GRAYSON, A.; WOZEI, E.; STRINGFELLOW, W. T. Biologically directed environmental monitoring, fate, and transport of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in water: a review.

Chemosphere, v. 65, p. 1265–1280, 2006.

CARGOUËT, M.; PERDIZ, D.; LEVI, Y. Evaluation of the estrogenic potential of river and treated waters in the Paris area (France) using in vivo and in vitro assays.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 67, p. 149–156, 2007.

CHEN, C.; WEN, T.; WANG, G., CHENG, H.; LIN, Y.; LIEN, G. Determining estrogenic steroids in Taipei waters and removal in drinking water treatment using high-flow solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass

spectrometry. Science of the Total Environment, v. 378, p. 352–365, 2007.

CENTRO INTEGRADO DE INFORMAÇÕES AGROMETEOROLÓGICAS (CIIAGRO). Balanço Hídrico por local. Disponível em:

<http://www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br/ciiagroonline/MenuBH.htm>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2009.

COLBORN, T.; VOM SAAL, F.S.; SOTO, A.M. Developmental effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 101, p. 378–83, 1993.

COLBORN, T.; DUMANOSKI, D.; MYERS, J.P. O futuro roubado. Porto Alegre: L&PM Editores, 2000. p. 354.

D'ASCENZO, G.; DI CORCIA, A.; GENTILI, A.; MANCINI, R.; MASTROPASQUA, R.; NAZZARI, M; SAMPERI, R. Fate of natural estrogen conjugates in municipal sewage transport and treatment facilities. Science of the Total Environment, v. 302, p. 199– 209, 2003.

DEBORDE, M.; RABOUAN, S.; GALLARD, H.; LEGUBE, B. Aqueous chlorination Kinetics of some endocrine disruptors. Environmental Science Technology, v. 38, p. 5577-5583, 2004.

DESBROW, C.; ROUTLEDGE, E.J.; BRIGHTY, G.C.; SUMPTER, J.P.; WALDOCK, M. Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STWeffluent. 1. chemical fractionation and in vitro biological screening. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, p. 1549–1558, 1998.

ESPLUGAS, S.; BILA, D. M.; KRAUSE, L. G. T.; DEZOTTI, M. Ozonation and advanced oxidation Technologies to remove endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs) in water effluents. Journal

of Hazardous Materials, v. 149, p. 631–642, 2007.

FENG, X.; TU, J.; DING, S.; WU, FENG; DENG, N. Photodegradation of 17β- estradiol in water by UV–vis/Fe(III)/H2O2 system. Journal of Hazardous Materials B, v. 127, p. 129–133, 2005.

FENSKE, M.; AERLE, R.; BRACK, ,S.; TYLER, C. R.; SEGNER, H. Development and validation of a homologous zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan)

vitellogenin enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and its application for studies on estrogenic chemicals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part

C, v. 129, p. 217-232, 2001.

FERNANDEZ, M. P.; BUCHANAN, I. D.; IKONOMOU, M. G. Seasonal variability of the reduction in estrogenic activity at a municipal WWTP. Water Research, v. 42, p. 3075-3081, 2008.

FOLHA online. Disponível em:

<http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u126854.shtml>. Acesso em: 28 out. 2009.

FOLMAR, L.C.;HEMMER, M.; HERMMER, R.;BOWMAN,C.; DENSLOW, N.D. Comparative estrogenicity of estradiol, ethynyl estradiol, and diethylestilestrol in an in vivo male sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegates), vitellogenin bioassay.

Aquatic Toxicology, v. 49, p. 77-88, 2000.

GHISELLI, G. Avaliação da qualidade das águas destinadas ao abastecimento

público na região de Campinas:ocorrência e determinação dos interferentes endócrinos (IE) e produtos farmacêuticos e de higiene pessoal(PFHP). 2006.

190 f. Tese (Doutorado em Química Analítica) – Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2006.

GOOGLE EARTH. Disponível em: <http://www.google.com.br/intl/pt-BR/options/>. Acesso em: 5 jan. 2009.

GRAY, M.A.; METCALFE, C.D. Induction of testis-ova in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to p-nonylphenol. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, p. 1082–1086, 1997.

GUERRA, M. O.; OLIVEIRA, L. E.; LAGE, L. V.; SOUZA, E. R.; PETERS, V. M. Levonorgestrel administration during rat lactation: offspring development. Ciência e

Cultura, v. 51, p. 50-54, 1999.

GUZMÁN, J. M.; NORBERG, B.; RAMOS, J.; MYLONAS, C. C.; MAÑANÓS, E. L. Vitellogenin, steroid plasma levels and spawning performance of cultured female Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 156, p. 285–297, 2008.

HARRIS, J. E.; SHEAHAN, D. A.; JOBLING, S.; MATTHIESSEN, P.; NEALL, P.; ROUTLEDGE, E. J.; RYCROFT, R.; SUMPTER, J. P.; TYLOR, T. A survey of estrogenic activity in United Kingdom inland waters. Environmental Toxicology

and Chemistry, v. 15, n. 11, p. 1993 – 2002, 1996.

HARRIS, J. E.; SHEAHAN, D. A.; JOBLING, S.; MATTHIESSEN, P.; NEALL, P., SUMPTER, J. P.; TYLOR, T.; ZANAM, N. Estrogenic activity in five United Kingdom rivers detected by measurement of vitellogenises in caged male trout.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, n. 3, p. 534 – 342, 1997.

HU, J.Y.; CHENG, S. J.; AIZAWA, T.; TERAO, Y.; KUNIKANE, S. Products of

Aqueous chlorination of 17β-estradiol and their estrogenic activities. Environmental

Science Technology, v. 37, p. 5665–5670, 2003.

INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Disponível em: <http://www.ibge.com.br/cidadesat/topwindow.htm?1>. Acesso em: 14 set. 2009.

IRMAK, S.; ERBATUR, O.; AKGERMAN, A. Degradation of 17β-estradiol and

bisphenol A in aqueous medium by using ozone and ozone/UV techniques. Journal

of Hazardous Materials B, v. 126, p. 54–62, 2005.

JANOSECK, J.; HILSCHEROVÁ, K.; BLÁHA, L.; HOLOUBEK, I. Environmental xenobiotics and nuclear receptors-Interactions, effects and in vitro assessment.

JOBLING, S.; SUMPTER, J.P. Detergent components in sewage effluent are weakly oestrogenic to fish: an in-vitro study using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Aquatic Toxicology, v. 27, p. 361–372, 1993.

JOBLING, S.; NOLAN, M.; TYLER, C. R.; BRIGHTY, G.; SUMPTER, J. P.

Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, p. 2498 –2506, 1998.

JOHNSON, A.C.; SUMPTER, J.P. Removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in activated sludge treatment works. Environmental Science &Technology, v. 45, n. 24, p. 4697-4703, 2001.

JOHNSON, A. C.; BELFROID, A.; DI CORCIA, A. Estimating steroid oestrogen inputs into activated sludge treatment works and observations on their removal from the effluent. The Science of Total Environment, v. 87, p. 163-173, 2000.

KING, S. C.; HASSELL, K.; NUGEGODA, D.; KRISTIANSEN, S. I. The assessment of vitellogenin as a biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds in two Australian perciformes. Marine Environmental Research, v. 66, p. 116–118, 2008.

KOLPIN, D. W.; FURLONG, E. T.; MEYER, M. T.; THURMAN, E. M.; ZAUGG, S. D.; BARBER, L. B.; BUXTON, H. T. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S Streams, 1999 – 2000: A National

Reconnaissance. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1202 1211, 2002.

KUSTER, M.; AZEVEDO, D.A.; LÓPEZ, ,M.J.A.; NETO, F.R. A.; BARCELÓ, D. Analysis of phytoestrogens, progestogens and estrogens in environmental waters from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Environment International, v. 35, p. 997–1003, 2009.

LAI, K.M.; JOHNSON, K.L.; SCRIMSHAW, M.D.; LESTER, J.N. Binding of Waterborne Steroid Estrogens to Solid Phases in River and Estuarine Systems.

Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, p. 3890-3894, 2000.

LEE, H.B.; PEART, T.E. Determination of 17 beta-estradiol and itsmetabolites in sewage effluent by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography mass

LEE, L.S.; STROCK, T.J.; SARMAH, A.K.; SURESH, P.; RAO, C. Sorption and dissipations of testosterone, estrogens and their primary transformation products in soil and sediment. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, n. 18, p. 4098- 4105, 2003.

LEWIS, R.J. Carcinogenically active chemicals. New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991. p. 1153.

LIU, Z.; KANJO, Y.; MIZUTANI, S. Removal mechanisms for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in waste water treatment — physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation: A review. Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, p. 731 – 748, 2009.

LOPES, L.G. Estudo sobre ocorrência de estrógenos em águas naturais e

tratadas da região de Jaboticabal – SP. 2007. 121 f. Tese (Doutorado em

Química) – Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, 2007.

MANIERO, M.G.; BILA, D. M.; DEZOTTI, M. Degradation and estrogenic activity removal of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol by ozonation and O3/H2O2. Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, p. 105 – 115, 2008.

MATSUMOTO, K.; TSUKAHARA, Y.; UEMURA, T.; TSUNODA, K.; KUME , H.; KAWASAKI, S.; TADANO, J.; MATSUYA, T. Highly sensitive time-resolved

fluorometric determination of estrogens by high-performance liquid chromatography using a β-diketonate europium chelate. Journal of Chromatography B, v. 773, p. 135–142, 2002.

MEYER, A.; SARCINELLI, P. N.; MOREIRA, J. C. Estarão alguns grupos

populacionais brasileiros sujeitos à ação de disruptores endócrinos?. Cadernos de

Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 15, p. 845-850, 1999.

MILLS, LJ; CHICHESTER, C. Review of evidence: are endocrine-disrupting

chemicals in the aquatic environment impacting fish populations?. Science of Total

Environment, v. 43, p. 1-34, 2005.

MORTENSEN, A. S.; ARUKWE, A. Effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol on hormonal responses and xenobiotic biotransformation system of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

MOURA, J. A. Estudo da Eficiência de Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto –ETE e Estações de Tratamento de Água –ETA na Eliminação de Resíduos de

Estrógenos Naturais e Sintéticos na UGRHI-13 (Tietê-Jacaré). 2009. 188 f. Tese

(Doutorado em Química) – Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, 2009.

NOGA, E. J. Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. Mosby, 1996. p.367.

NOGUEIRA, J. M. F. Desreguladores endócrinos: efeitos adversos e estratégias para monitorização dos sistemas aquáticos. Química, v. 88, p. 65-71, 2003.

OLEA, N.; FERNÁNDEZ, M.F.; AREQUE, P.; OLEA, S. F. Disruptores endocrinos: una historia muy personal y con múltiples personalidades. Gaceta Sanitária, v. 16, n. 3, p. 209-211, 2002.

PALMLUND, I.; APFEL, R.; BUITENDIJK, S.; CABAV, A.; FORSIBERG, J. Effects of dethylestilbestrol (DES) medication during pregnancy: report from a symposium at the 10th International Congress of ISPOG. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics &

Gynecology, v. 14, p. 71 – 89, 1993.

PAUWELS, B.; DECONINCK, S.; VERSTRAETE, W. Electrolytic removal of 17α- ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water streams. Journal of Chemical Technology &

Biotechnology, v. 81, p. 1338–1343, 2006.

PETROVIC, M.; ELJARRAT, E.; ALDA, M. J. L.; BARCELO´, D. Recent advances in the mass spectrometric analysis related to endocrine disrupting compounds in

aquatic environmental samples. Review. Journal of Chromatography A, v. 974, p. 23–51, 2002.

PEDROUZO, M.; BORRULL, F.; POCURULL, E.; MARCÉ, R. M. Estrogens and their conjugates: Determination in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta, 2009. In Press.

PEÑALVER, A.; POCURULL, E.; BORRULL, F.; MARCÉ, R.M. Method based on solid-phase microextraction–high-performance liquid chromatography with UV and electrochemical detection to determine estrogenic compounds in water samples.

Journal of Chromatography A, v. 964, p. 153–160, 2002.

PURDOM, C.; HARDIMAN, P.; BYE, V.; ENO, N.; TYLER C.; SUMPTER, J.; ROUTLEDGE, E. J. Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works.

RAIMUNDO, C. C. M. Ocorrência de interferentes endócrinos e produtos

farmacêuticos nas águas superficiais da bacia do rio Atibaia. 2007. 108 f.

Dissertação (Mestrado em Química) - Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2007.

RAVEN, P.H.; JOHNSON, G.B. Biology. 5 ed. Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill, 1999. p. 1255.

REIS FILHO, R. W. Hormônios estrógenos no Rio do Monjolinho, São Carlos

SP: Uma Avaliação da Problemática dos Desreguladores Endócrinos

Ambientais. 2008. 150 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental) – Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2008.

RODGER-GRAY, T. P.; JOBLING, S.; MORRIS, S.; MORRIS, S.; BRIGHTY, G.; WALDOCK, M. J.; SUMPTER, J. P.; TYLER, H. R. Long-Term Temporal Changes in the Estrogenic Composition of Treated Sewage Effluent and Its Biological Effects on Fish. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, p. 1521-1528, 2000.

ROBINSON, B. J.; HELLOU, J. Biodegradation of endocrine disrupting compounds in harbor seawater and sediments. Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, p. 5713–5718, 2009.

ROSENFELDT, E. J.; LINDEN, K.G. Degradation of endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A, ethinyl estradiol and estradiol during UV photolysis and advanced

oxidation processes. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 38, p. 5476 – 5483, 2004.

ROUTLEDGE, E.J.; SHEAHAN, D.; DESBROW, C.; BRIGHTY, G.C.; WALDOCK, M.; SUMPTER, J.P. Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STW effluent. 2. in vivo responses in trout and roach. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, p. 1559-1565, 1998.

SCHMID, T.; GONZALEZ-VALERO, J.; RUFLI, H.; DIETRICH, D. R. Determination of vitellogenin kinetics in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Toxicology

Letters, v. 131, p. 65-74, 2002.

SHAW, I.; McCULLY, S. A review of the potential impact of dietary endocrine disrupters on the consumer. Internacional Journal of Food Science and

SNYDER, S.A.; KEITH, T.L.; VERBRUGGE, D.A.; SNYDER, E.M.; GROSS, T.S.; KANNAN, K.; GIESY, J.P. Analytical methods for detection of selected estrogenic compounds in aqueous mixtures. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, p. 2814–2820, 1999.

SOLOMONS, G.; FRYHLE, C. Química orgânica. 7 ed. Rio de Janeiro: LCT, 2000. v. 2, p. 474.

SOUZA, E.R.; OLIVEIRA, L.E.G.; GUERRA, M.O.; PETERS, V.M. Administração de levonorgestrel a ratas lactando: desenvolvimento físico das crias. Boletim do

Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, v. 19, p. 41-54, 2000.

SOUZA, J. B. G. Estudo da ocorrência de tetraciclinas e estrógenos em água

superficial, subterrânea e esgoto tratado na cidade de Campo Grande (MS).

2008. 155 f. Tese (Doutorado em Química) -Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, 2008.

SPIRO, T. S.; STIGLIANI, W. N. Chemistry of the Environment. Prentice Hall. 356 p. STUMPE, B.; MARSCHNER, B. Factors controlling the biodegradation of 17β-

estradiol, estrone and 17α-ethinylestradiol in different natural soils. Chemosphere, v. 74, p. 556–562, 2009.

SUMPTER, JP. Endocrine disrupters in the aquatic environment: an overview. Acta

Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 33, p. 9-16, 2005.

TAKAI, Y.; TSUTSUMI, O. Synthetic estrogen as an endocrine disruptor-

diethystillbestrol and oral contraceptives. Nipon Rinsho, v. 58, n.12, p. 2404 – 2416, 2000.

TERNES, T. A.; KRECKEL, P.; MUELLER, J. Behaviour and occurrence of estrogens in municipal sewage treatment plants –II. Aerobic batch experiments with activated sludge. The Science of the Total Environment, v. 225, p. 91-99, 1999.

THORPE, K. L.; MAACK, G.; BENSTEAD, R.; TYLER, C. R. Estrogenic wastewater treatment works effluents reduce egg production in fish. Environmental Science

&Technology, v. 43, p. 2976–2982, 2009.

TYLER, C.R.; JOBLING, S.; SUMPTER, J.P. Endocrine disruption in wildlife: a critical review of the evidence. Critical Reviews. Toxicology, v. 28, p. 319–361, 1998.

TYLER,C.R.; VAN AERLE,R.; HUTCHINSON,T.H.; MADDIX,S.; TRIP, H. An in vivo testing system for endocrine disruptors in fish early life stages using induction of vitellogenin. EnvironmentalToxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, p. 337–347, 1999.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (USEPA). Special

report on environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and

analysis. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, 1997. EPA/630/R- 96/012.

URBATZKA, R.; BOTTERO, S.; MANDICH, A.; LUTZ, I.; KLOAS, W. Endocrine disrupters with (anti)estrogenicand (anti)androgenic modes of action affecting reproductive biology of Xenopus laevis: I. Effects on sex steroid levels and

biomarker expression. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, v. 144, p. 310-318, 2007.

VIGANÒ, L.; BENFENATI, E.; CAUWENBERGE, A.; EIDEM, J. K.; ERRATICO, C.; GOKSØYR, A.; KLOAS, W.; MAGGIONI, S.; MANDICH, A.; URBATZKA, R.

Estrogenicity profile and estrogenic compounds determined in river sediments by chemical analysis, ELISA and yeast assays. Chemosphere, v. 73, p. 1078–1089, 2008.

YING, G.; KOOKANA, R. S.; RU, Y. Occurrence and fate of hormone steroids in the environment. Environmental International, v. 28, p. 545– 551, 2002.

YOONA, Y.; WESTERHOFFA, P.; SNYDERB, S. A.; ESPARZAA, M. HPLC-

fluorescence detection and adsorption of bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynyl estradiol on powdered activated carbon. Water Research, v. 37, p. 3530–3537, 2003.

ZHANGA, Y.; ZHOU, J.L.; NING, B. Photodegradation of estrone and 17β-estradiol in water. Water Research, v. 41, p. 19–26, 2007.

ZERULLA, M.; LÄNGE, R.; STEGER-HARTMANN, T.; PANTER, G.; HUTCHINSON, T.; DIETRICH, D. R. Morphological sex reversal upon short-term exposure to

Endocrine modulators in juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).

Toxicology Letters, v. 131, p. 51-63, 2002.

WESTERHOFF, P.; YOON,Y.; SHYDER, S.; WERT, E. Fate of endocrine-disruptor, pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, p. 6649-6643, 2005.

WINGARD, D.; TURIEL, J. Long-term effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol.