Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18.
Aryee, S., Wyatt, T. & Min, M. K. (2001). Antecedents of organizational commitment and turnover intentions among professional accountants in different employment settings in Singapore. The Journal of Social Psychology, 131 (4), 545-556.
Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Sosial Psychology. 34. 10. 2045-2068.
Bandura, A. (1997) Self-efficacy. The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Ben-Bakr, K. A., & al-Shammari, I. S. (1994). Organizational commitment, satisfaction, and turnover in Saudi organizations: A predictive study. Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol 23, Issue 4, 449-457.
Bentein, K., Stinglhamber, F. & Vandenberghe, C. (2002). Organization-, supervisor-, and workgroup-directed commitments and citizenship behaviours: A comparison of models.
European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11 (3), 341-362.
Berry, W. D. (1993). Understanding Regression Assumptions. Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, Vol 92, Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.
Black, T. R. (1999). Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences. An Integrated Approach to Research Design, Measurement and Statistics. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Blau, G (1985). The measurement and prediction of career commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 58, 277-288.
Bogler, R. & Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers’
organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 277-289.
Bollen, K. A. (1989) Structural Equations With Latent Variables, New York: Wiley Bollen K. & Lennox, R. (1991). Conventional Wisdom on measurement: A Structural Equation Perspective. Psychological Bulletin, Vol 110, No. 2, 305-314.
Brown, F. W. & Finstuen, K (1993). The Use of Participation in Decision Making: A Consideration of the Vroom-Yetton and Vroom-Jago Normative Models. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, Vol 6, 207-219.
Bryman, A. & Cramer, D. (2009). Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS 14, 15 & 16. A Guide for Social Scientist. London, New York: Routhledge.
Chang, H-T., Chi, N-W. & Miao, M-C. (2007). Testing the relationship between
three-component organizational/occupational commitment and organizational/occupational turnover intention using a non-recursive model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, 352-368.
Cole, S. T. (2005). Comparing Mail and Web-Based Survey Distribution Methods: Results of Surveys to Leisure Travel Retailers. Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 43 Issue 4, 422-430 Conger, J. A. & Kanungo, R. N. (1988) The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review 13, 3, 471-482.
Coomber, B & Barriball, K. L. (2007) Impact of job satisfaction components on intent to leave and turnover for hospital-based nurses: A review of the research literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44, 297-314.
Davis, J. & Wilson, S. M. (2000) Principals’ efforts to empower teachers: Effects on teacher motivation and job satisfaction and stress. The Clearing House, Vol. 73, No 6, 349-353.
Day, C., Elliot, B & Kington, A (2005) Reform, standards and teacher identity: Challenges of sustaining commitment. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 563-577.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan. R. M. (1990). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality.
Nebraska symposium on motivation, 237-288, University of Nebraska Press.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000) The “What” and “Why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychlogical Inquiry Vol. 11, No 4, 227-268.
Deci, E. L., Ryan. R. M. & Williams, G. C. (1996). Need Satisfaction and the Self-regulation of Learning. Learning and individual differences, Vol 8, nr 3, 165-183.
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M, Leone, D. R., Usunov, J. & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001) Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern block country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, Vol 27, No 8, 930-942.
Eby, L. T., Freeman, D. M., Rush, M. C. & Lance, C. E. (1999). Motivational bases of affective organizational commitment: A partial test of an integrative theoretical model.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 463-483.
Fiva, J. H. & Hægeland, T. (2008). Resultatindikatorer i høyere utdanning. Studiepoeng, grader på normert tid og arbeidsmarkedsutfall. Oslo: Statistisk Sentralbyrå Rapport 2008/16.
Fornyings- og administrasjonsdepartementet (2008). Medarbeiderundersøkelsen 2007.
Rapport. Publikasjonskode: P-0944. Oslo
Gagné, M. & Deci, E. L. (2005) Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, nr 26, 331-362
Geurts, S. A., Schaufeli, W. B. & Rutte, C. R. (1999) Absenteeism, turnover intention and inequity in the employment relationship. Work & Stress, Vol 13, no 3, 253-267.
Goulet, L. R. & Singh, P (2002) Career commitment: A reexamination and extention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 73-91.
Grolnick, W. S. & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent Styles Associated With Children's Self-Regulation and Competence in School. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 81, No. 2, 143-154
Hackett, R. D., Lapierre, L. M. & Hausdorf, P. A. (2001) Understanding the links between work commitment constructs. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 392-413.
Hechanova, R. M., Alampay, R. B. A. & Franco, E. P. (2006) Psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and performance among Filipino service workers. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 72-78.
Iverson, R. D. & Buttigieg, D. M. (1999) Affective, normative and continuance commitment:
Can the ’right kind’ of commitment be managed? Journal of Management Studies, 36:3, 307-333.
Jepson, E. & Forrest S. (2006) Individual contributory factors in teachers stress: The role of achievement striving and occupational commitment. British Journal of Educational
Psychology, 76, 183-197.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modelling. 2nd edition.
New York, London: The Guilford Press
Lawler, E. E. (1999). Employee Involvement Makes a Difference. The Journal for Quality and Participation, September/October.
Lee, K., Allen, N. J., Meyer, J. P. & Rhee, K.-Y. (2001). The Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment: An Application to South Korea. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50 (4), 596-614.
Lervik, J. O. (1999). Leiing i høgskulen. Oslo: Statskonsult, Rapport nr 1999-4.
Loke, J. C. F. (2001). Leadership behaviors: Effects on job satisfction, productivity and organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Management, 9, 191-204
LOV-2004-04-01, nr 15, Lov om universiteter og høgskoler.
Lu, H., While, A. E. & Barriball, K. L. (2007). A model of job satisfaction of nurses: A reflection of nurses’ working lives in Mainland China. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58 (5), 468-479.
Lu, K.-Y., Lin, P.-L., Wu, C.-M., Hsieh Y.-L. & Chang, Y.-Y. (2002). The relationships among turnover intentions, professional commitment, and job satisfaction of hospital nurses.
Journal of Professional Nursing, Vol 18, Nr 4, 214-219.
Marchiori, D. M. & Henkin, A. B. (2004) Organizational commitment of a health profession faculty: Dimensions, correlates and conditions. Medical Teacher, Vol 26, No. 4, 353-358.
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E. & Vandenberghe, C (2004) Employee commitment and
motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 89, No 6, 991-1007.
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L. & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
Miller, K. I. & Monge, P. R. (1986). Participation, satisfaction, and productivity: A meta-analytic review. Academy of Management Journal, Vol 29, no 4, 727-753.
Mitchell, T. R. (1985) An Evaluation of the Validity of Correlational Research Conducted in Organizations. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10, nr 2, 192-205.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R.M. & Porter, L.W. (1979) The measurement of organizational commitment, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 14, 224-247.
Nichols, D. (1989). Bottom-up strategies: asking the employees for advice. Management Review, 01 Dec 1989.
Normann, R. (2000). Service Management. 3. utgave. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag Paul, R. J. & Ebadi, Y. M. (1989). Leadership decision making in a service organisation: A field test of the Vroom-Yetton model. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 62, 201-211.
Plant, R. W. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and the effects of self-consciousness, self-awareness, and ego-involvement: An investigation of internally controlling styles.
Journal of personality, 53, 3, 435-449.
Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestions for future research. Human Performance, 10 (2), 133-151.
Rasmussen, B (2004). Organizing knowledge work(ers): The production of commitment in flexible organizations. In: Carlsen, A, R Klev & G von Krogh (2004). Living Knowledge. The dynamics of professional service work: 67-88 (kap 4). New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Reinboth, M., Duda, J. L. & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Dimensions of coaching behaviour, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion, Vol 28, nr 3, 297-313.
Reve, T. (1985). Validitet i økonomisk-administrativ forskning. I: Metoder og perspektiver i økonomisk-administrativ forskning. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Ringdal, K. (2001) Enhet og mangfold. Samfunnsvitenskapelig forskning og kvantitativ metode. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
Roe, R. A., Zinovieva, I. L., Dienes, E, & Ten Horn, L. A. (2000). A Comparison of Work Motivation in Bulgaria, Hungary, and the Netherlands: Test of a Model. Applied Psychology:
An International Review, 49 (4), 658-687.
Ross, J. A. & Gray, P. (2006) Transformational Leadership and Teacher Commitment to Organizational Values: The mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy. School Effectiveness and School Improvement. Vol. 17, No. 2, June 2006, 179 – 199
Russ, F. A. & McNeilly, K. M. (1995). Links among satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intentions: The moderating effect of experience, gender, and performance. Journal of
Business Research, 34, 57-65.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J.P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization:
Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, Vol 55, nr 1, 68-78.
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
Ryan, R. M &. Deci, E. L. (2002) An overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. In Deci E. L. & Ryan R. M.: Handbook of Self-Determination Research, Rochester: The University of Rochester Press.
Rønning, E & Vikan, S. T. (2001) Læreryrket: utfordrende og belastende. Samfunnsspeilet nr 6/2001, Oslo: SSB.
Sims, R. C. (2007). Web Surveys: Applications I Denominational Research. Review of Religious Research, Vol. 49 (1), 69-80.
Skog, O. J. (2004). Å forklare sosiale fenomener. En regresjonsbasert tilnærming. Oslo:
Gyldendal Akademisk.
Smith-Tønnessen, S., Henriksen, J. O., Krüger, I. H., Vestad, S. & Wedø, A.-E. (2007). En veileder for mål- og resultatstyring i universitets- og høgskolesektoren. Oslo: Univeristets- og høgskolerådet.
Somech, A & Bogler, R. (2002). Antecedents and consequenses of teacher organizational and professional commitment. Educational Administration Quarterly. Vol 38 nr 4. 555-577.
Somech, A. & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2000). Understanding extra-role behaviour in schools: the relationships between job satisfaction, sense of efficacy, and teachers’ extra-role behaviour.
Teaching and Teacher Education 16, 649-659.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace; Dimensions, Measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 5, 1442-1465.
Stempien, L. R & Loeb, R. C. (2002). Differences in Job Satisfaction Between General Education and Special Education Teachers. Remedial and Special Education, Vol. 23, No 5, 258-267.
St.mld. nr. 27, 2000-2001.”Gjør din plikt – krev din rett” Om kvalitetsreform av høyere utdanning. Oslo: Kunnskapsdepartementet
St.mld. nr. 7, 2007-2008. ”Statusrapport for Kvalitetsreformen i høgre utdanning.” Oslo:
Kunnskapsdepartementet
Strachman, A & Gable, S, L. (2006). Approach and avoidance relationship commitment.
Motivation and Emotion, Vol 30, 117-126.
Strand, T. (2007). Ledelse, organisasjon og kultur. 2. utgave. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
Tabachnick B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. 4th edition. Boston, Mass.: Allyn and Bacon
Thomas, K. W. & Vellthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An
“Interpretive” Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academy of management Review, 15, 4, 666-681.
Tse-Hua S. & Xitao F. (2008). Comparing Response Rates from Web and Mail Surveys: A Meta-Analysis. Field Methods, Vol. 20, Issue 3, 249-271,
Vallerand, R. J., & Ratelle, C. F. (2002) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A hierarchical model. In Deci E. L. & Ryan R. M.: Handbook of Self-Determination Research, Rochester:
The University of Rochester Press.
Vroom, V. H. & Jago, A. G. (1988). The New Leadership: Managing participation in organizations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Vroom, V. H. & Yetton, P. W. (1973). Leadership and decision-making. Pittsburgh:
University of Pittsburgh Press.
Vroom, V. H. & Jago, A. G. (1995). Situation effects and levels of analysis in the study of leader participation. Leadership Quarterly, Vol 6, No. 2, 169-181.
Vroom, V. H. & Jago, A. G. (2007). The Role of the Situation in Leadership. American Psychologist, Vol. 62, no 1, 17-24.
Warr, P., Cook J. & Wall T. (1979) Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well-being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 1979, 52, 129-148.
Williams, G. C., Freedman, Z.R., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Supporting autonomy to motivate glucose control in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 21, 1644-1651.