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1.1. The Objective of the Study... 1
1.2. Framing the Study... 1
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In the Norwegian GIT system there are some very important “heavy weight” institutional actors which have influenced the development of the GIT system from its beginning. The most important is Nor- wegian Mapping Authority (NMA, app. 650 emp. 1996), the national institution for maps and geo- graphic information. NMA are responsible for delivering to all users a country wide supply of maps and geographic data for planning, management and safety related task in important fields of society.
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Box 4.1.B.
Impact of Public Regulations on Service Innovations10
Concerning the importance of public regulations for the innovation process, Telenor Nett claims to satisfy the current, rather strong, requirements imposed by the regulating authority, PTT (Post og Teletilsynet). Without proper documentation of the net that satisfy these requirements telecom net- work operators may be put out of business through loosing their rights to operate. Other network op- erators, like Telenor Avidi AS, the Telenor Group’s cable TV network operator, is still using a paper based system for net documentation. They find themselves in a more difficult situation, and are now considering GIS-based digital systems for this purpose, due to the regulatory requirements. In the case of Norkart, the only regulatory factor of importance is a new standard for network maps which was issued in the beginning of the eighties. Through reading this seriously they realised their needs for a more modern system and today they more than fulfil the requirements of the standards.
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Box 5.A.
Close Interaction and Trustful Relationships in Innovation14
The described projects are quite representative of how Telenor Nett collaborate with their suppliers - there is always a close dialogue with partners. The interactive quality of these customer-supplier rela- tions is very dependent on the “chemistry” between the persons involved in the project on both sides.
If there is a high degree of trust and few partners, the process is much more informal and direct than when the opposite is the case. Both parts try to do the best for the other part to make the process run more smoothly and result in an optimal system for the customer. If there are some degree of distrust, a very large contract or a contract with many partners, the process is usually more formalised.
The importance of trust for innovation seem to be important also at Incatel. For them, informal rela- tions with other firms and institutions are important both for getting contracts and for developing new products. Personal relations don’t secure contracts per se, but they are often a necessary precondition in combination with having a solution to the customer’s problem. The system that Incatel produce is very expensive and it drastically changes the way that telecom companies work. Thus it is important to meet the people with decision power at customers. At Incatel they believe that it has been of some importance for the relation to Telenor Nett that they where able to deliver what was agreed upon at the right time. They have had an ability to make solutions to what Telenor Nett asked for and not every- thing else. They have always focused on what their customer needed, apparently contrary to some other actors in this business.
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