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Silica from diatom frustules as anode material for Li-ion batteries

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Supplementary information for

Silica from diatom frustules as anode material for Li-ion batteries

Andreas Nicolai Norberg a, Nils Peter Wagner a,b, Henning Kaland a, Fride Vullum-Bruer c, Ann Mari Svensson a.

Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances.

This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019

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Silica from diatom frustules as anode material for Li-ion batteries

(a)

(b)

10 μm

(c) (d)

(e) (f) (g)

10 μm 10 μm

10 μm 10 μm

10 μm

Si Kα1 O Kα1

Fe Lα1,2 Na Kα1_2

C Kα1_2

Fig. S1: EDX of uncycled SiO2/P electrode. (a) Full spectrum, (b) SEM image of area analyzed with largest visible SiO2 particle demarked, (c) Si Kα1 signal, (d) O Kα1 signal, (e) C Kα1_2 signal, (f) Na Kα1_2 signal, (g) Fe Lα1,2 signal.

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Fig. S2: Capacity of carbon reference cells.

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(a)

(c) (d)

(b)

Fig. S3: Potential profile of cycle 1, 3 and 50 for (a) SiO2/P, (b) SiO2/P_FECVC, (c) SiO2/C, (d) SiO2/C_FECVC.

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2 μm 2 μm

(a) (b)

Fig. S4: SEM images of SiO2 particle (a) before and (b) after removal of SEI with electron beam.

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