sea-ice CLIO

Typically the observed ocean heat flux to sea ice is a combination of several factors, including solar heating of the upper layer, salt and heat fluxes from sea ice melt, and the

The Arctic upper ocean and sea ice cover receives net heat input in summer, as shortwave radiation and sensible heat fluxes directly heat the sea ice (including its snow layer),

Ocean thermal forcing used in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6)-forced experiments for Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) sectors (a) Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers,

Lisæter and others (2003) were pioneers within SIC assimila- tion. In their study, the EnKF was used to assimilate SIC from passive microwave-sensor data into a coupled sea-ice

change of central Arctic Ocean sea-ice cover: New insights from biomarker proxy

Here we show that, in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean, ice-free conditions prevailed in the early Pliocene until sea ice expanded from the central Arctic Ocean for the first

Here we analyse the output from two eddy-resolving models (ROMS – Regional Ocean Modeling System; FESOM – Finite- Element Sea-ice Ocean Model) with around 1 km mesh res- olution in

Figure 1 shows the average surface refl ectance of sea ice covered by a 1 - 2 cm snow layer, normal- ized under-ice irradiance directly below the sea ice and normalized