T TOWARD QUANTIFYING THE INCREASING ROLE OF OCEANIC HEAT IN SEA ICE LOSS IN THE NEW ARCTIC

Figure 1 shows the average surface refl ectance of sea ice covered by a 1 - 2 cm snow layer, normal- ized under-ice irradiance directly below the sea ice and normalized

Unlike the Black Sea region, where Russia has recently used—and continues to use—military force and other means of influence in a concerted effort to redraw

The depth-integrated Norwegian Sea heat budget shows that both ocean advection and air-sea heat fluxes play an active role in the formation of interannual heat content anomalies..

Typically the observed ocean heat flux to sea ice is a combination of several factors, including solar heating of the upper layer, salt and heat fluxes from sea ice melt, and the

We here combine the Russian ice-drift station data with more recent data to (1) identify common sea-ice protists (in particular diatoms) in drifting sea ice of the Central Arctic

change of central Arctic Ocean sea-ice cover: New insights from biomarker proxy

Here we show that, in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean, ice-free conditions prevailed in the early Pliocene until sea ice expanded from the central Arctic Ocean for the first

The increasing number of sea-ice related satellite observations in the Arctic can be used to improve the model predictions through data assimilation.. For sea ice, sea-ice