NTNU Ins(tu+ for biologi SINTEF Fiskeri og havbruk
Co-‐workers: Silje Forbord, Kris(ne Braaten
Steinhovden, Jorunn Skjermo, Aleksander Handå, Xinxin
Wang, Ole Jakob Broch, Yngvar Olsen
Kjell Inge Reitan
Macroalgae ac(vi(es in Norway
Cultivation
Global produc(on and harvest of macroalgae
2010: Cul)va)on: 19 mill ton
Harvest: 0.8 mill ton
Global situa)on
Europe situa)on
What can be used in macroalgae …..
Why should Norway cul(vate seaweeds?
• Geography
– Long coastline
– Possibility for fer)liza)on from salmon farms (Integrated Mul)trophic Aquaculture)
• Knowledge and competence
– Aquaculture (fish, mussels)
– Off-‐shore industry (fish, oil/gas) – Biotechnology (phycocolloids)
• A biomass with great poten)als
– 3.genera(ons bioenergy – Feed and food
– Bioprospec)ng (new chemicals) – Fer)lizer
Photo: Seaweed Energy Solutions
Seaweed biomass as third genera(ons biofuels
• Suitable composi)on for conversion into biofuels (ethanol) and biogas (methane).
• High biomass produc)vity (ca 2 kg C m-‐2 year-‐1)(Lüning 1990).
• CO2-‐consump)on: 8-‐10 tons per ha per year
– comparable to temperate woodlands (Chung et al. 2010)
• No use of valuable human food crops
• No use of produc)ve land area
• No need for irriga)on, pes)cides or ar)ficial fer)lizers (NB! No phosphate)
• Grows in the sea, ¾ of the Earth surface is sea...
Cul(va(on at Sea
Saccharina la*ssima
Alaria esculenta
Year round cul(va(on of seedlings of Saccharina la*ssima
Forbord et al., 2012.
1. sorus 2. Sporer 3. sporofy^er
Current cul(va(on technology: Long lines with hanging rope cultures Challenge: Technology for industrial scale
10 Alaria esculenta
Saccharina latissima
Effect of deployment (me on growth of S. la*ssima
Handå et al. submitted
2 m
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Aug Nov Feb R2=0.99 R2=0.91 R2=0.99
5 m
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Aug Nov Feb R2=0.99 R2=0.97 R2=1.0
8 m
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Aug Nov Feb R2=0.97 R2=0.99 R2=1.0
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
C B
A
a abb 2 m
5 m 8 m
a b c
a b b
a b b 2 m
5 m 8 m
a a b
a b c
a b c
Aug Nov Feb June (did not survive)
Depth and seasonal-‐dependent growth of S. la*ssima
Handå et al. submitted
Aug
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
2 m 5 m 8 m R2=0.99 R2=0.99 R2=0.97
Nov
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
2 m 5 m 8 m
Feb
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
2 m 5 m 8 m
* * * * *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
C B
A
2 m 5 m 8 m
a a b
a b c a
a c
a b c
a a b
a a b
a a b
a b c
ab a b
a a b
2 m 5 m 8 m
a a b
a a b
a b a
2 m 5 m 8 m
a a b
a b a
Length of S. la(ssima cul(vated in IMTA
5 m depth
At the fish farmHandå et al. submitted
Aug-2 m
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Salmon farm Reference R2=0.99 R2=0.99
Aug-5 m
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Salmon farm Reference R2=0.99 R2=0.98
Aug-8 m
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Sporophyte length (cm)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Salmon farm Reference R2=0.97 R2=0.94
* *
*
*
*
* * *
* *
*
*
*
*
C B A
Reference
Challenge with growth of epiphytes in summer
Potensiale for dyrking av tare og blåskjell basert på utslipp av næringsstoffer fra fiskeoppddre+sanlegg
14
Fylke
DIN tonne
POC tonne
Potentiale for tare biomasse basert på
DIN
1000 tonn Våtvekt
Potentiale for blåskjell basert på
POC
tonn Våt ferskvekt
Areal som trengs for mulig tare-dyrking
ha RAG 350 - 1060 60 - 180 56 - 168 660 - 1990 800 – 2400 HOR 650 - 1940 110 - 330 102 - 307 1200 - 3610 1460 – 4390
SFJ 310 - 920 50 - 160 49 - 146 590 -1780 700 – 2090 MRO 440 - 1310 80 - 230 69 - 208 850 - 2560 990 - 2980 STR 390 - 1160 70 - 220 61 - 184 810 - 2430 880 - 2630 NTR 310 - 930 60 - 170 49 - 148 610 - 1840 710 - 2120 NOR 630 - 1880 120 - 360 99 - 298 1300 - 3900 1420 - 4260
TRO 390 - 1160 70 - 210 61 - 184 780 - 2330 880 - 2630 FIN 180 - 540 30 - 100 29 - 86 360 - 1070 410 - 1220
10 - 30% av uorganisk N går til vekst av tare
0,6-1,8% av organisk karbon partikler går til vekst av blåskjell particulate organic
Wang et al., 2012. Aquaculture and Environment Interactions
0,6-2 mill tonn
Some on-‐going macroalgae ac(vi(es in Norway
• No commercial cul)va)on yes
• Some pilot projects
• Some research projects
• The research council of Norway
• EU
• Industry funded
• Bioenergy – Bioethanol
• IMTA
• Feed
Projects:
• From biomass to biogas
• SEAWEEDTECH
• SEABREED
• SEAWEED-‐STAR Industrialization 2017 !
Projects at SINTEF and NTNU
• INTEGRATE (2006-‐2011): IMTA
• EXPLOIT (2012-‐2015): Evaluate full scale poten)al of IMTA in Norway
• Partners: SINTEF, NTNU, IMR, Bellona
• Macrobiomass (2010-‐2012): Cul)va)on of seaweed for biofuel
• Partners: SINTEF; University of Oslo, Sylter Algenfarm
• SES finaced projects
• Norwegian Seaweed Technology Center
Partners:
• Salmon Group, Sulefisk, Hor)mare and Inovasjon Norge
Aim:
To cul)vate seaweed (several species) in close loca)on to a fish farm to assimilate nutrients from the fish farm
18
Macroalgae project in Solund, Sogn og Sjordane
Photo Øyvind Kråkås
• Integrated Mul)trophic Aquaculture
• Cul)va)on of seaweed
• Food
• Medicine
• Cosme)c
• Bioenergy
• Bioplas)c
Ocean Forest Project
The DYMALYS project (2012‑2014)
IMTA – Lysekorden
