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NILU

REFERENCE: 0-94069

DATE JULY 1996

ISBN 82-425-0795-3

Appendices

Programme documentation ROADAIR Version 3.11

(NILU TR 21/96)

Tone Bekkestad, Charlotte Torp, Dag Tønnesen and Steinar Larssen

Norsk institutt for luftforskning

Norwegian Institute for Air Research

Postboks 100 - N-2007 Kjeller - Norway

Contents

Page

Summary 3

Appendix A: Emission factors for CO and NOx based on measurements

from AB Svensk Bilproving 5

Appendix B: Emission factors (g/km) from NOXCO, CORINAIR and National Emission Model (NU) for CO. Light gasoline cars without catalyst,

1989 vehicle park 15

Appendix C: Emission factors (g/km) from NOXCO, CORINAIR and

National Emission Model (NU) for CO 1989-vehicle park 23

Appendix D: Emission factors (g/km) from NOXCO, CORINAIR and

National Emission Model for NOx. Light gasoline vehicles without catalyst.33 Appendix E: Emission factors (g/km) from NOXCO, CORINAIR and

National Emission Model for NOx. 1989-vehicle park 41

Appendix F: Emission factors (g/km) for CO from National Emission Model (NU) for the years 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008. Emission curves for

ROADAIR 3.11 55

Appendix G: Emission factors (g/km) for NOx from National Emission Model (NU) for the years 1993, 1998, 2003 og 2008. Emission curves for

ROADAIR 3.11 87

Appendix H: Conversion of emission factors for CO and NOx for heavy duty

vehicles (g/kg fuel to g/km) 119

Appendix I: Distribution of traffic work for vehicles of different age

distribution, depending on the rate of renewal 127

Appendix J: Development of exhaust emission regulations, and the resulting

effects on emissions 131

Appendix K: Effect of cold start on emissions of CO and NOx for light duty

gasoline- and diesel vehicles 137

Appendix L: Fuel consumption for the year 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 141

NILU TR 22/96

Summary

ROADAIR is a model for calculation of air pollution from road traffic. The model can be utilized for road networks containing street canyons and highways ("open roads"). Larger crossroads/intersections can also be treated in a simplified way. Calculations of emissions of CO, CO ₂ and NOx (NO+NO ₂₎ are performed. The emission factors for CO and NOx (g/km) are dependent on vehicle class, speed and road gradient. The fuel consumption, used to estimate CO ₂ -emissions, is dependent on vehicle class and speed. Concentrations of CO, NO ₂ and PM _1/ are also calculated. The model focus on the components for which there exists air quality criteria and which are often exceeded as a result of emissions from traffic, and components which contribute to a large fraction of the total emissions in Norway.

This report presents all the Appendices referred to in Programme Documentation Report (NILU TR 21/96).

The first few Appendices describe the emission factors both for CO and NOx for the years 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008.

The background material utilized when estimating emission factors for the five years are presented in tables. The corresponding graphical output and linear interpolation for the years in-between is also shown. The numbers are given both for gasoline and diesel vehicles.

The remaining Appendices describe:

• Conversion of emission factors for CO and NOx for heavy duty vehicles (g/kg fuel to g/km).

• Distribution of traffic work for vehicles of different age distribution, depending on the rate of renewal.

• Development of exhaust errussion regulations, and the resulting effects on emissions.

• Effect of cold start on emissions of CO and NOx for light duty gasoline- and diesel vehicles.

• Fuel consumption for the year 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008

NILU TR 22/96

Appendix A:

Emission factors for CO and NOX based on measurements from AB Svensk Bilproving

NILU TR 22/96

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NJLU TR 22/96

NOx A10-cars Bo Persson - driving pattern AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 0.40 1.00 2.80 1.42

20.00 0.15 0.70 2.80 1.34

30.00 0.10 0.60 3.00 1.37

40.00 0.10 0.60 3.40 1.24

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60.00 0.18 1.00 5.40 1.39

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

NILU TR 22/96

10 CO Diesel L1 (Bo Persson) AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 1.60 2.30 4.20 2.73

20.00 0.75 2.30 2.40 1.89

30.00 0.50 1.20 1.50 1.11

40.00 0.40 0.90 1.10 0.78

50.00 0.30 0.70 1.00 0.60

60.00 0.25 0.60 1.00 0.53

NOx Diesel L 1

AccJRet. (m/s2)

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10.00 0.70 1.40 2.30 1.54

20.00 0.12 1.15 1.40 0.95

30.00 0.08 0.85 1.10 0.72

40.00 0.08 0.70 1.00 0.57

50.00 0.10 0.60 1.10 0.49

60.00 0.12 0.50 1.20 0.47

I ^{CO Diesel L1} I

NILU TR 22/96

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10.00 6.30 4.00 4.56

20.00 3.10 2.20 1.86

30.00 1.80 1.50 1.16

40.00 1.10 1.30 0.77

50.00 0.70 1.50 0.56

60.00 0.60 2.30 0.64

NOx TA 4 tonnes Bo Persson AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 8.00 15.00 8.67

20.00 4.00 7.00 3.98

30.00 3.00 5.00 2.89

40.00 2.00 5.00 2.17

50.00 2.00 6.00 1.88

60.00 2.00 8.00 2.20

I CO TA 4 tonnes I

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

I NOx TA 4 tonnes I

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 NILU TR 22/96

12 CO TA 8 tonnes Bo Persson AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 14.40 13.00 11.55

20.00 9.00 9.50 6.58

30.00 5.00 5.50 3.74

40.00 3.00 4.80 2.47

50.00 3.00 4.20 2.05

60.00 2.80 6.00 2.25

NOx TA 8 tonnes Bo Persson AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 11.00 42.00 18.12

20.00 6.00 38.00 16.42

30.00 8.00 29.00 13.66

40.00 8.00 25.00 10.13

50.00 8.00 22.00 7.20

60.00 9.00 17.00 6.86

I CO TA 8 tonnes I

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

I NOx TA 8 tonnes I

NILU TR 22/96

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 22.00 10.00 14.78

20.00 10.00 3.50 4.63

30.00 6.00 3.00 3.12

40.00 4.00 2.50 2.17

50.00 3.00 6.00 2.34

60.00 2.00 9.00 2.36

NOx TA 15 tonnes Bo Persson AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 18.00 100.00 38.72

20.00 15.00 60.00 27.75

30.00 12.00 46.00 21.44

40.00 10.00 40.00 15.20

50.00 12.00 35.00 11.12

60.00 12.00 30.00 10.32

j CO TA 15 tonnes I

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

j NOx TA 15 tonnes I

40.00 -.----,,.---,---...---....---...

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

NILU TR 22/96

14 CO TA 30 tonnes Bo Persson AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 18.00 6.00 11.46

20.00 9.00 5.00 4.87

30.00 5.00 16.00 7.73

40.00 3.00 16.00 5.72

50.00 2.50 12.00 3.07

60.00 1.50 10.00 2.29

NOx TA 30 tonnes Bo Persson AccJRet. (m/s2)

V -0.60 0.00 0.60

10.00 32.00 88.00 42.80

20.00 20.00 66.00 31.68

30.00 14.00 42.00 20.58

40.00 13.00 40.00 16.28

50.00 13.00 35.00 11.58

60.00 14.00 30.00 11.24

I CO TA 30 tonnes I

12.00 --r----.---r----...----..---,

10.00 --t---~

8.00 --t---'r--t---1----+----+---~

6.00 -+---~---,,rf!C---1---~il----+----f

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

jNox TA 30 tonnes I

NILU TR 22/96

50.00 -,----,---,---,.---,.---.

40.00 -t-~---t---11----+---+----f

30.00 -t----f~--lr----+---..J.---1

20.00 -t---t---"1,-_~-+---+----f

10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

Appendix B:

Emission factors (g/km) from NOXCO, CORINAIR and National Emission Model (NU)

for CO.

Light gasoline cars without catalyst, 1989 vehicle park

NILU TR 22/96

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NILU TR 22J96

70.00 65.00 60.00 55.00 50.00 45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00

10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00

- PRE ECE

~- ECE 15-00/01

- ECE 15-02

""'ECE 15-03

- ECE 15-04

... bpb

CORINAIR: Gasoline < 2.5 tonnes With aging

120.00 110.00 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00

50.00 --+--<b'lr- ➔ ";r.:----t----=,::+----+----+----+----i

40.00 -+--~H"'....----"' ... +----1---"l'-..-=:---+----+---l

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10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00

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NILU TR 22/96

20

Total emission factor for gasoline personal cars without catalyst for National Emission Model (NU) and NOXCO

V NU NOXCO CORINAIR

10.00 20.00

30.00 26.69 40.00

50.00

60.00 12.92 70.00

80.00 12.21

51.40 60.14

30.80 30.70

23.30 23.44

14.70 16.34

12.20 12.96

11.00 10.59

9.80 8.24

9.20 7.59

NILU TR 22/96

65.00 60.00 55.00 50.00 45.00

40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00

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NILU TR 22196

Appendix C:

Emission factors (g/km) from NOXCO, CORINAIR and National Emission Model (NU)

for CO

1989-vehicle park

NfLU TR 22/96

60,00

BL1 ^10,00

□ ^DL1

9,00

♦NU ♦NU

50,00

o ^CORINAIR _8,00 o CORINAIR

□ NOXCO DNOXCO

7,00 40,00

6,00

30,00 5,00

□

4,00 20,00 □

3,00 2,00

0 □

10,00 0 □ □ □

1,00

0,00 0,00

0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80

10,00 DL2 ^10,00 DL3

□ □

9,00 9,00

♦NU ♦NU

8,00 o CORINAIR 8,00 o CORINAIR

D NOXCO D NOXCO

7,00 7,00

6,00 6,00

5,00 5,00

□ □

4,00 4,00

□ □

3,00 3,00

2,00 - ⁰ □ _2,00 ⁰ □

□ □

□ □ □ □ _{□ □}

1,00 ^- 1,00 -

0,00 0,00

0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80

NILU TR 22/96

26

16,00 DHLL 25,00 DHLM

14,00 _{♦ NU ♦NU}

o CORINAIR 20,00 o CORINAIR

12,00 ^{0 D NOXCO D NOXCO}

10,00

15,00 8,00

6,00 10,00

0 □

□

4,00

0

□ □ 5,00 □

□ □ □

2,00 □ □ □ □

□ □ □ □

0,00 0,00

0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80

18,00 DHLH

25,00 DHB

16,00

♦ NU ♦NU

14,00 o CORINAIR 20,00 ^oCORINAIR

D NOXCO oNOXCO

12,00

15,00 10,00

□

8,00

□ ^10,00

6,00

□ □ □

4,00 ^{0 0}

5,00 - 2,00

0,00 0,00

0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80

NILU TR 22/96