3$3(5,' '2,LLUJO
$FWLYHODWHQWKHDWVWRUDJHXVLQJELRZD[LQDFHQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHPRI D=(%OLYLQJODE
$OH[LV6(9$8/7
D(UOLQJ166
ED6,17()(QHUJ\5HVHDUFK
3RVWERNV7RUJDUGHQ7URQGKHLP1RUZD\$OH[LV6HYDXOW#VLQWHIQR
E1718'HSDUWPHQWRI(QHUJ\DQG3URFHVV(QJLQHHULQJ 7URQGKHLP1RUZD\(UOLQJ1DVV#QWQXQR
$%675$&7
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
&DQGODWHQWKHDWN-NJ
.H\ZRUGV3KDVH&KDQJH0DWHULDOV3&07KHUPDO(QHUJ\6WRUDJH+HDW%DWWHU\%LRZD[&HQWUDO+HDWLQJ 6\VWHP
,1752'8&7,21
7KH=(%/DESURMHFWZZZ]HEODEQRFRRUGLQDWHGE\6,17()DQG1718DLPVDWEXLOGLQJD=(%=HUR (PLVVLRQ%XLOGLQJLQ7URQGKHLP1RUZD\VWDUWLQJLQWREHXVHGERWKDVRIILFHEXLOGLQJDQGOLYLQJ ODERUDWRU\7LPHHWDO7KHEXLOGLQJUHOLHVRQLQQRYDWLYHWHFKQRORJLHVERWKUHJDUGLQJEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOV DQGHQHUJ\V\VWHP2QHWHFKQRORJ\WREHLPSOHPHQWHGDQGWHVWHGLQWKHFHQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHPRIWKHEXLOGLQJ LVDODWHQWKHDWVWRUDJH/+6XQLWXVLQJDSKDVHFKDQJHPDWHULDO3&0
7KH/+6XQLWLVLQWHJUDWHGLQWKHORZWHPSHUDWXUHKHDWLQJV\VWHPFHQWUHGDURXQGDKHDWSXPSSURYLGLQJKRW ZDWHUIRUVSDFHKHDWLQJ$QHVVHQWLDODVVHWRIWKH/+6XQLWLVWREHDEOHWRSURYLGHKLJKKHDWVWRUDJHFDSDFLW\
DQGKHDWRXWSXWZLWKLQWKHQDUURZWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJHRIIHUHGE\ORZWHPSHUDWXUHKHDWLQJ'XULQJKRXUVRIORZ KHDWGHPDQGWKH/+6XQLWLVDEOHWRVWRUHH[FHVVKHDW'XULQJKLJKGHPDQGWKHVWRUHGKHDWLVUHOHDVHGHLWKHU WRSURYLGHKHDWGLUHFWO\WRWKHKHDWLQJFLUFXLWRUWRVXSSRUWWKHKHDWSXPSE\FRPSHQVDWLQJIRUDGURSRIUHWXUQ WHPSHUDWXUHEHORZWKHRSWLPDOLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUH6LQFHVXFK/+6WHFKQRORJ\LVQRWFRPPHUFLDOO\DYDLODEOH
\HWDQH[SHULPHQWDOXQLWKDVWREHFXVWRPGHVLJQHGIROORZLQJWKHEHVWLQWHJUDWLRQSDWKLQWKHKHDWLQJV\VWHP 2EMHFWLYH
7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHVRIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\DUHWRDVVHVVWKHIXOOLQWHJUDWLRQRIWKH/+6XQLWLQWKHFHQWUDO KHDWLQJV\VWHPRIWKH=(%/DERUDWRU\WRGLPHQVLRQWKH/+6XQLWDFFRUGLQJWKHEXLOGLQJHQHUJ\GHPDQG ZKLOHVHOHFWLQJWKHPRVWDSSURSULDWH3&0
/LWHUDWXUHUHYLHZ
$ZHOONQRZQFKDOOHQJHZLWKXVLQJ3&0IRUWKHUPDOHQHUJ\VWRUDJH7(6LVWKHSRRUWKHUPDOFRQGXFWLYLW\
IRUDYDLODEOH3&0VOLPLWLQJKHDWWUDQVIHUUDWHV6KXNODHWDO6HYDXOWHWDO&RPSUHKHQVLYH ZRUN KDV EHHQ GRQH WR LQFUHDVH WKH KHDW WUDQVIHU UDWHV ZLWKLQ /+6 V\VWHPV E\ XWLOL]LQJ KHDW WUDQVIHU HQKDQFHPHQWWHFKQLTXHVLQQXPHULFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQVDQGLQH[SHULPHQWDOVHWXSV+RZHYHURQO\DIHZIXOO VFDOHDFWLYH/+6V\VWHPVDUHLQRSHUDWLRQPDNLQJLWFKDOOHQJLQJWRGRFXPHQWWKHSRWHQWLDOXSVLGHVRIFRXSOLQJ D/+6V\VWHPWRDKHDWSXPSIRUSHDNVKDYLQJDQGKHDWLQJSXUSRVHV
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
%RQDPHQWHHWDOVWXGLHGWKHSRWHQWLDOIRUV\VWHPRSWLPL]DWLRQLQDQH[LVWLQJJURXQGVRXUFHKHDWSXPS KHDWLQJV\VWHPE\LPSOHPHQWLQJD7(6XQLW&RPSXWDWLRQDOIOXLGG\QDPLFFDOFXODWLRQVZHUHFDUULHGRXWDQG YDOLGDWHGDJDLQVWPHDVXUHGGDWDXVLQJWZR7(6VROXWLRQVRQHXVLQJZDWHUDVVWRUDJHPHGLXPDQGWKHRWKHU XVLQJ3&05HVXOWVVKRZHGWKDWWKH&23RIWKHV\VWHPZDVLQFUHDVHGIURPWRDQGIRUUHVSHFWLYHO\
KHDWLQJDQGFRROLQJPRGHVZKHQXVLQJZDWHUDV7(6PHGLXP%\XVLQJD3&0WKHV\VWHP&23ZDVLQFUHDVHG WRDQGIRUUHVSHFWLYHO\KHDWLQJDQGFRROLQJPRGHV,QDGGLWLRQWKHWRWDOYROXPHRIWKH3&0WKHUPDO VWRUDJHZDVWLPHVPRUHFRPSDFWFRPSDUHGWRWKHZDWHUWDQNV\VWHPPDNLQJLWPRUHVXLWDEOHIRULQGRRU LQVWDOODWLRQDQGXVH
6KLIWLQJFRROLQJORDGGXULQJVLPXODWHGVXPPHUFRQGLWLRQVZDVH[SHULPHQWDOO\WHVWHGE\0RUHQRHWDO E\FRXSOLQJD7(6V\VWHPWRDKHDWSXPS7KHUPDOEHKDYLRXUIRUWKH7(6V\VWHPZDVHYDOXDWHGIRUFROG VWRUDJHDQGIRUVSDFHFRROLQJ7ZRGLIIHUHQW7(6FRQILJXUDWLRQVZHUHWHVWHGRQHXVLQJZDWHUDQGWKHRWKHU XVLQJ3&07KHODWWHUFRQILJXUDWLRQXWLOL]HGPDFURHQFDSVXODWHG3&0ZLWKDSKDVHFKDQJHWHPSHUDWXUHRI
&,WZDVFRQFOXGHGWKDW3&0VWRUDJHLVWREHIDYRXUHGRYHUZDWHUVWRUDJH:LWKLGHQWLFDOYROXPHVWKH3&0 WDQNZDVDEOHWRVWRUHPRUHFROGHQHUJ\RQDYHUDJHFRPSDUHGWRWKHZDWHUVWRUDJHWDQN2WKHUUHVXOWV LQGLFDWHGWKDWE\LQFUHDVLQJWKHKHDWWUDQVIHUUDWHIRUWKH3&0VWRUDJHLWFRXOGVWRUHPRUHFROGHQHUJ\
ZKLOHGHOLYHULQJDQDFFHSWDEOHLQGRRUWHPSHUDWXUHIRUDORQJHUGXUDWLRQFRPSDUHGWRWKHZDWHUVWRUDJH
,17(*5$7,212)7+(/+681,7
&HQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHP
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
/+6XQLWLQWHJUDWLRQ
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
WKURXJKWKHFKDUJHG/+6XQLWDQGEHKHDWHGXSEHIRUHHQWHULQJWKHKHDWSXPS$GGLWLRQDOO\WKH/+6XQLWFDQ EH GLUHFWO\ FKDUJHG XVLQJ WKH GLVWULFW KHDWLQJ ORRS SURYLGLQJ KRW ZDWHU DW & 7KH SUHVHQW V\VWHP DOVR LQFOXGHVDSODFHKROGHUWRLQWHJUDWHDQRWKHU/+6XQLWDQGDOORZIRUIXWXUHUHVHDUFKH[SHULPHQWVXVLQJYDULRXV KHDWH[FKDQJHUGHVLJQVDQGWHVWWKHWKHUPDOSHUIRUPDQFHRIVHYHUDO3&0V
)LJXUH6LPSOLILHGSURFHVVGLDJUDPRIWKHFHQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHPIRFXVLQJRQWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIWKH/+6XQLW 2QO\WKHLQVWUXPHQWDWLRQIRUFRQWURORIWKH/+6XQLWLVVKRZQIRUVLPSOLILFDWLRQ
$QRWKHUIHDWXUHDYDLODEOHZLWKWKLVLQWHJUDWLRQLVWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRXVHWKH/+6XQLWDVDGLUHFWKHDWVRXUFHLQ WKHEXLOGLQJKHDWLQJORRS7KLVLVPHDQWWRRFFXUZKHQWKH/+6XQLWLVFKDUJHGDQGWKHKHDWLQJGHPDQGLQWKH EXLOGLQJLVUHODWLYHO\ORZ7KHUHIRUHWKHKHDWSXPSFDQEHE\SDVVHGUHGXFLQJVLJQLILFDQWO\WKHHQHUJ\XVH GXULQJWKHVHORZGHPDQGSHULRGV7KLVRSHUDWLRQDOPRGHLVHVSHFLDOO\LQWHUHVWLQJLIHQHUJ\SULFHLVLQWHJUDWHG LQWKHFRQWUROV\VWHPRIWKHRYHUDOOKHDWLQJV\VWHP
&RQWUROVWUDWHJ\
$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUHWKHV\VWHPDOORZVIRUDYDULHW\RIFRQWUROVWUDWHJLHVWKURXJKDODUJHQXPEHURIFRQWURO YDOYHVDQGDUHJXODWHGZDWHUSXPSV7KHVHOHFWHGVWUDWHJ\LQFOXGHVWZROHYHOV
$WHPSHUDWXUHFRQWUROOHGVWUDWHJ\IRUFKDUJLQJWKH/+6XVLQJWKHKHDWSXPSDQGGLVFKDUJLQJWKH/+6DW WKHUHWXUQLQOHWRIWKHKRWVLGHRIWKHKHDWSXPS
$SULFHFRQWUROOHGVWUDWHJ\ZKHUHWKHHQHUJ\SULFHLVWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWWRGHFLGHZKHQWRKDUYHVWKHDW IURP WKH GLVWULFW KHDWLQJ QHWZRUN RU IURP H[FHVV SURGXFWLRQ RIWKHSKRWRYROWDLFSDQHOVLQVWDOOHGRQWKH EXLOGLQJIDFDGHDQGZKHQWRXVHWKH/+6XQLWDVGLUHFWKHDWVRXUFHVIRUWKHEXLOGLQJKHDWLQJFLUFXLW
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
LQWHJUDWHGLQWKHEXLOGLQJFRQWUROV\VWHPZKLFKLQFOXGHVDUHVHDUFKHUPRGHWRDOORZFXVWRPL]LQJDQGWHVWLQJ YDULRXVFRQWUROVWUDWHJLHV
'(6,*1
3&0VHOHFWLRQDQGSHUIRUPDQFHWHVWLQJ
7REHVXLWDEOHWRWKHDSSOLFDWLRQWKH3&0VKRXOGSULPDULO\KDYHDPHOWLQJWHPSHUDWXUHZLWKLQ&DQG OLPLWHGVXSHUFRROLQJ7KLVOLPLWVWKH3&0VHOHFWLRQWRRQO\DOLPLWHGUDQJHRIFRPPHUFLDOO\DYDLODEOHSDUDIILQ EDVHG 3&0V $IWHU LQYHVWLJDWLRQ WKH 3&0 &URGD7KHUP &7 ZDV VHOHFWHG GXH WR LWV ORZ GHJUHH RI VXSHUFRROLQJ FI 7DEOH LWV ORZFDUERQ IRRWSULQW DV ZHOO DV LWV DIIRUGDELOLW\ &7 LV D ZDWHULQVROXEOH RUJDQLF3&0GHULYHGIURPSODQWEDVHGIHHGVWRFNV&URGDWKHUP7KH3&0DSSHDUVDVDFU\VWDOOLQHZD[
LQVROLGVWDWHDQGRLO\OLTXLGDERYHPHOWLQJWHPSHUDWXUH,QDGGLWLRQ&7KDVORZIODPPDELOLW\ZKLFKLVDQ HVVHQWLDOFULWHULRQLQEXLOGLQJV
$ VDPSOH RI &7 UHFHLYHG E\ &URGD7KHUP ZDV DQDO\VHG E\ 7KHUPRJUDYLPHWULF $QDO\VLV ± 'LIIHUHQWLDO 6FDQQLQJ&DORULPHWU\7*$'6&DWWKH6,17()(QHUJ\5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\WRHYDOXDWHWKHWKHUPRG\QDPLF SHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH3&0$PHDVXUHPHQWRIPHOWLQJVROLGLILFDWLRQF\FOHVZDVSHUIRUPHGXVLQJD7*$'6&
6'7IURP7$,QVWUXPHQWVZLWKFRQWUROOHGKHDWLQJDQGFRROLQJUDWHVRI.PLQUDQJLQJIURP&WR
&LQDQLWURJHQDWPRVSKHUH7KHUHVXOWVIRUWKHVHFRQGF\FOHDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH$VLQGLFDWHGE\WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU WKH ILUVW PHOWLQJ GLVSOD\V D VLJQLILFDQWO\ ODUJHU ODWHQW KHDW RI IXVLRQ WKDQ WKH IROORZLQJ PHOWLQJVROLGLILFDWLRQF\FOHV7DNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWRQO\WKHIROORZLQJF\FOHV&7UHPDLQVDEVROXWHO\VWDEOH
\LHOGLQJYHU\VLPLODUKHDWIORZSDWWHUQV7KHDYHUDJHODWHQWKHDWRIIXVLRQLVN-NJDQGWKH DYHUDJHODWHQWKHDWRIFU\VWDOOLVDWLRQLVN-NJ7KHDYHUDJHSHDNPHOWLQJWHPSHUDWXUHLV
& DQG WKH DYHUDJH VROLGLILFDWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH SHDNLV & 7KH ZHLJKW ORVV LV PHDVXUHGWRDORQJWKHILUVWWZRF\FOHVDQGWKHQUHPDLQVVWDEOHIRUWKHIROORZLQJF\FOHV,WVKRXOGEH XQGHUOLQHGWKDWWKHUPRG\QDPLFSURSHUW\PHDVXUHPHQWVPLJKWEHYDULDEOHIURPRQHGHYLFHWRDQRWKHUDQGLV DOVRNQRZQWRGHSHQGRQWKHVDPSOHPDVVDQGPHDVXUHPHQWSURFHGXUH
)LJXUH'6&PHDVXUHPHQWVRIDVDPSOHRI&7+HDWIORZDEVRUEHGDQGUHOHDVHGIRUWKHVHFRQG PHOWLQJVROLGLILFDWLRQF\FOH
*HQHUDOGHVLJQ
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
7DEOH*HQHUDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH/+6XQLWXVLQJDFXVWRPSLOORZSODWHKHDWH[FKDQJHUGHVLJQ 'LPHQVLRQVRI/+6XQLWKHLJKWZLGWKOHQJWK[m]
0HDVXUHG3&0PHOWLQJWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJH[°C] ±KHDWIORZSHDNDW 0HDVXUHG3&0VROLGLILFDWLRQWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJH[°C] ±KHDWIORZSHDNDW 0HDVXUHG3&0ODWHQWKHDWRIIXVLRQ[kJ/kg]
0HDVXUHG3&0ODWHQWKHDWRIFU\VWDOOLVDWLRQ[kJ/kg]
3&0GHQVLW\[kg/m3] DW&DW&
3&0WKHUPDOFRQGXFWLYLW\[W/(m.K)]
3&0VSHFLILFKHDWFDSDFLW\[kJ/(kg.K)] VROLGOLTXLG 3&0GHJUDGDWLRQWHPSHUDWXUH[°C] !
7RWDOWKHRUHWLFDOWKHUPDOVWRUDJHFDSDFLW\[from 30 to 40 °C] [kWh]
5DWLRRIODWHQWKHDWWRWRWDOKHDWVWRUDJHFDSDFLW\
)LJXUH6LPSOLILHGJHRPHWU\RIWKH/+6XQLW7KH3&0QRWVKRZQKHUHILOOVXSWKHVSDFHEHWZHHQWKHSLOORZ SODWHV
7KHRULJLQDOGHVLJQSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHILQDQGWXEHKHDWH[FKDQJHUZHUHGHWHUPLQHGEDVHGRQG\QDPLFV\VWHP VLPXODWLRQV UHSRUWHG LQ 6HYDXOW HW DO 7KH PRGHO ZDV EDVHG RQ D VROLGOLTXLG ILQDQGWXEH KHDW H[FKDQJHUXVLQJ3&0IRU7(6FXVWRPPDGHE\7/.7KHUPR*PE+LQDQGXWLOLVHGLQSUHYLRXV ZRUNV-RNLHOHWDO7KHVHUHVXOWVHVSHFLDOO\FRQWULEXWHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHILQSLWFKGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQ WKHSODWHVQHFHVVDU\WRHQVXUHDKHDWWUDQVIHUUDWHGXULQJGLVFKDUJHDERYHN:RYHUKRXUVWRPHHWWKH PD[LPXPKHDWLQJGHPDQGLQFRPELQDWLRQZLWKWKHKHDWSXPS6FDOLQJWKHSUHYLRXVUHVXOWVWRWKHQHZKHDW H[FKDQJHU LQ WHUPV RI HTXLYDOHQW KHDW WUDQVIHU DUHD OHG WR D SLWFK RI PP EHWZHHQ WKH SLOORZ SODWHV WR JXDUDQWHHKHDWIORZVDERYHN:IRUDWOHDVWKRXUVGXULQJGLVFKDUJHLQWKHJLYHQRSHUDWLRQDOFRQGLWLRQV 7KHKHDWH[FKDQJHULQFOXGHVODVHUZHOGHGVWDLQOHVVVWHHOSLOORZSODWHVPRXQWHGYHUWLFDOO\LQSDUDOOHOZLWK DPPSLWFK:DWHUFLUFXODWHVLQHDFKRIWKHPIROORZLQJDSDVVSDWWHUQ+HDGHUVDUHJDWKHUHGDWRQHHQG RIWKHXQLWWRHQDEOHDKRPRJHQHRXVGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHZDWHUDFURVVWKHSLOORZSODWHV7KHKHDWH[FKDQJHULV ILOOHGZLWKFDWRQVRI3&0&7WRRFFXS\WKHYROXPHEHWZHHQWKHSLOORZSODWHV$WKLFNPLQHUDOZRRO WKHUPDOLQVXODWLRQDURXQGWKH/+6XQLWDOORZVIRUDWKHRUHWLFDOKHDWORVVXQGHUSHUK,QVWDOODWLRQRI WKH/+6XQLWLVRQJRLQJDQGIXOOFRPPLVVLRQLQJLVSODQQHGLQ'HFHPEHU
&21&/86,21
7KHDLPRIWKHVWXG\LVWRGHVLJQDQGLQWHJUDWHD/+6XQLWLQWKHFHQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHPRIWKH=(%/DERUDWRU\
EXLOGLQJLQ7URQGKHLP1RUZD\7KH/+6XQLWLVGHVLJQHGEDVHGRQSLOORZSODWHKHDWH[FKDQJHUILOOHGZLWK 3&0ZKRVHSKDVHFKDQJHWHPSHUDWXUHLV&7KHGHVLJQHG/+6XQLWFDQVWRUHXSWRN:KKHDWDQG VLPXOWDQHRXVO\DFKLHYHVXIILFLHQWO\KLJKKHDWWUDQVIHUUDWHVGXULQJGLVFKDUJHWRVXFFHVVIXOO\EDFNXSWKHKHDW SXPSGXULQJWKHFROGHVWZLQWHUGD\VRUEHXVHGDVDKHDWVRXUFHLQWKHFHQWUDOKHDWLQJV\VWHP,QVWDOODWLRQLV RQJRLQJDQGILUVWWHVWVDUHSODQQHGLQ$XWXPQ
$&.12:/('*(0(176
7KHFXUUHQWVWXG\ZDVFDUULHGRXWWKURXJKWKHFRPSHWHQFHEXLOGLQJSURMHFW3&0(IIVXSSRUWHGE\6,17() (QHUJ\5HVHDUFKXVLQJEDVLFIXQGLQJIURPWKH5HVHDUFK&RXQFLORI1RUZD\7KHSURMHFWDLPVDWLQYHVWLJDWLQJ QRYHO SKDVH FKDQJH PDWHULDO VROXWLRQV IRU HIILFLHQW WKHUPDO HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH DW ORZ DQG PHGLXPKLJK WHPSHUDWXUHZZZVLQWHIQRHQSURMHFWVSFPHII7KH/+6XQLWLVFRILQDQFHGWKURXJKWKH=(%/DERUDWRU\
E\6,17()17185HVHDUFK&RXQFLORI1RUZD\DQG(129$
5()(5(1&(6
7LPH%HWDO=(%/DERUDWRULHV±5HVHDUFK3RVVLELOLWLHV,23&RQIHUHQFH6HULHV(DUWKDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO 6FLHQFH 9ROXPH VW 1RUGLF FRQIHUHQFH RQ =HUR (PLVVLRQ DQG 3OXV (QHUJ\ %XLOGLQJV ± 1RYHPEHU7URQGKHLP1RUZD\
6KXNOD$'%XGGKLDQG5/6DZKQH\7KHUPDOF\FOLQJWHVWRIIHZVHOHFWHGLQRUJDQLFDQGRUJDQLFSKDVH FKDQJHPDWHULDOV5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\S
6HYDXOW $ HW DO 3KDVH FKDQJH PDWHULDOV IRU WKHUPDO HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH LQ ORZ DQG KLJKWHPSHUDWXUH DSSOLFDWLRQVDVWDWHRIWKHDUW6,17()(QHUJ\5HVHDUFK5HSRUW75$,6%1
+LUPL]5HWDO3HUIRUPDQFHRIKHDWSXPSLQWHJUDWHGSKDVHFKDQJHPDWHULDOWKHUPDOVWRUDJHIRUHOHFWULFORDG VKLIWLQJLQEXLOGLQJGHPDQGVLGHPDQDJHPHQW(QHUJ\DQG%XLOGLQJVS
-RNLHO0HWDO3KDVHFKDQJHPDWHULDOWKHUPDOHQHUJ\VWRUDJHIRUDODUJHVFDOHDPPRQLDFKLOOHUKHDWSXPS V\VWHP LQ WK &RQIHUHQFH RQ $PPRQLD DQG &2 5HIULJHUDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ 3URFHHGLQJV 2KULG 0DFHGRQLD0DL,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI5HIULJHUDWLRQ
0RGHOLFDDQGWKH0RGHOLFD$VVRFLDWLRQ0RGHOLFDFLWHG$YDLODEOHIURPKWWSVPRGHOLFDRUJ
%RQDPHQWH ( $ $TXLQR DQG ) &RWDQD $ 3&0 7KHUPDO 6WRUDJH IRU *URXQGVRXUFH +HDW 3XPSV 6LPXODWLQJWKH6\VWHP3HUIRUPDQFHYLD&)'$SSURDFK(QHUJ\3URFHGLDS 0RUHQR3HWDO3&0WKHUPDO HQHUJ\VWRUDJHWDQNVLQKHDWSXPSV\VWHPIRUVSDFH FRROLQJ(QHUJ\DQG
%XLOGLQJVS
&URGDWKHUP'DWDVKHHW&,3,F(GLWRU&RQVXOWHGLQ0D\
6HOYQHV+HWDO$&)'DQDO\VLVIRUWKHSHUIRUPDQFHDVVHVVPHQWRIDQRYHOGHVLJQRISODWHVLQWDQNODWHQW VWRUDJH XQLW IRU IUHH]LQJ DSSOLFDWLRQV , WK &RQIHUHQFH RQ $PPRQLD DQG &2 5HIULJHUDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJLHV3URFHHGLQJV,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI5HIULJHUDWLRQ,6%1V
6HYDXOW$HWDO/DWHQWKHDWVWRUDJHIRUFHQWUDOL]HGKHDWLQJV\VWHPLQD=(%OLYLQJODERUDWRU\LQWHJUDWLRQ DQG GHVLJQ ,23 &RQIHUHQFH 6HULHV (DUWK DQG (QYLURQPHQWDO 6FLHQFH 9ROXPH VW 1RUGLF FRQIHUHQFHRQ=HUR(PLVVLRQDQG3OXV(QHUJ\%XLOGLQJV±1RYHPEHU7URQGKHLP1RUZD\
7/.7KHUPR *PE+ 7,/ 6XLWH 7KHUPDO 6\VWHPV $YDLODEOH IURP KWWSVZZZWON WKHUPRFRPLQGH[SKSHQVRIWZDUHSURGXFWVWLOVXLWH
-RNLHO0HWDO'\QDPLFPRGHOOLQJRIDUHIULJHUDWHGFDELQHWZLWKLQWHJUDWHGSKDVHFKDQJHPDWHULDOWKHUPDO VWRUDJH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 5HIULJHUDWLRQ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQJUHVV RI 5HIULJHUDWLRQ$XJXVW0RQWUHDO&DQDGD
