EXAMINATION (re-take)
Course code and name:
ITI46518 Scientific Method and Theory Date and duration:
30.4.2019, 2 hours Permitted resources:
No supporting materials permitted.
Instructor:
Cathrine Linnes
Examination:
The final written exam consists of 50 multiple choice questions.
The questions are taken from your textbook - Salkind. N.J. (2018). Exploring Research, 9th ed. Pearson.
You are able to view only one question at the time.
This exam is worth 40 % of your final grade.
Results:
Grades will be posted in Studentweb no later than 16.5.2019.
1
1
Which is the weakest correlation?
Select one alternative:
+ 0.76 - 0.01 - 0.88 + 0.21
How many steps are included in the research process (according to Salkind, the author of your textbook)?
Select one alternative:
4 8 9 6
Maximum marks: 1
3
3
What is another term for basic research?
Select one alternative:
baseline research applied research pure research real research
Maximum marks: 1
4
4
Identify and select the correct order of steps in scientific inquiry (disucssed in chapter 1).
Select one alternative:
asking new questions, reconsidering the theory, working with the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis asking the question, identifying the important factors, asking new questions, testing the hypothesis reconsidering the theory, asking new questions, identifying the important factors, collecting relevant information
formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the
What type of research do you use to determine the causal relationship between variables?
Select one alternative:
correlational research experimental research qualitative research descriptive research
Maximum marks: 1
6
6
When you have ordinal data (such as class rank), which is the best measure of central tendency to use?
Select one alternative:
median range mean mode
Maximum marks: 1
7
7
What is another phrase used to describe a bell-shaped curve?
Select one alternative:
average curve elliptical curve
regular-shaped curve normal curve
Maximum marks: 1
What measure would be used to compute the average gender of subjects?
Select one alternative:
mean mode
standard deviation median
Maximum marks: 1
9
9
What is the mode of 1, 1, 3, 4, 6?
Select one alternative:
1 3 15 2
Maximum marks: 1
10
10
In order to determine the critical value, which two pieces of information are needed?
Select one alternative:
degrees of freedom and variance mean and sample size
degrees of freedom and level of significance mean and standard deviation
If Dr. Robinson rejects the null hypothesis after observing a test statistic which exceeds the critical value at the .05 level, there is
Select one alternative:
no chance that the null hypothesis is actually true a 95% chance that the null hypothesis is actually true a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is actually false a 5% chance that the null hypothesis is actually true
Maximum marks: 1
12
12
If Helen mistakenly accepts her null hypothesis when it should be rejected, what has occurred?
Select one alternative:
research bias Type I error Type II error
none of the above
Maximum marks: 1
13
13
What is the statistical test for examining the significant difference between two means from two unrelated groups?
Select one alternative:
MANOVA
t-test for dependent means t-test for independent means factor analysis
Maximum marks: 1
What is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true?
Select one alternative:
Type II error Type I error correct variance
Maximum marks: 1
15
15
When is a stratified sample an appropriate sampling technique?
Select one alternative:
individuals in a population are not equal
specific characteristics of the population are of no concern you have a small population
each member must have an equal chance of being selected
Maximum marks: 1
16
16
In a study focused on group difference, what is the general rule of thumb regarding the number of individuals per group?
Select one alternative:
100 15 30 50
Which of the following variables is an example of the nominal level of measurement?
Select one alternative:
age of students gender
rank in graduate class amount of money earned
Maximum marks: 1
18
18
Which variable would be considered to be measured at the ordinal level?
Select one alternative:
religious affiliation temperature
racing results SAT score
Maximum marks: 1
19
19
The interval level of measurement would include which of the following?
Select one alternative:
hair color IQ score
number of words spelled incorrectly height
Maximum marks: 1
The ratio level of measurement would include which of the following?
Select one alternative:
political affiliation
amount of books owned order of finished test GRE score
Maximum marks: 1
21
21
Which of the following is NOT an example of reliability?
Select one alternative:
the test doing what it is supposed to do
performing the same in the future as in the past
measuring the same thing more than once with the same outcome consistency
Maximum marks: 1
22
22
In which sampling technique does each member of the population have an equal and independent chance of being selected to be part of the sample?
Select one alternative:
cluster sampling stratified sampling systematic sampling simple random sampling
In which sampling technique does every kth name on the list get selected?
Select one alternative:
systematic sampling stratified sampling cluster sampling
simple random sampling
Maximum marks: 1
24
24
Which sampling technique can assure that the profile of the sample matches the profile of the population?
Select one alternative:
cluster sampling systematic sampling stratified sampling
simple random sampling
Maximum marks: 1
25
25
In which sampling technique are units of individuals selected rather than the individuals themselves?
Select one alternative:
stratified sampling cluster sampling systematic sampling simple random sampling
Maximum marks: 1
What type of sampling is usually the easiest to do?
Select one alternative:
convenience sampling cluster sampling
quota sampling
simple random sampling
Maximum marks: 1
27
27
Which of the following statements is a definition of sampling error?
Select one alternative:
the difference in characteristics between the sample and the population sampled from greatest when using simple random sampling than other sampling types
larger when you have a larger sample
the difference in amount of people between the sample and the population sampled from
Maximum marks: 1
28
28
In a study focused on group difference, what is the general rule of thumb regarding the number of individuals per group?
Select one alternative:
30 100 50 15
If you are mailing out surveys for your research, you should increase your sample size by what percent?
Select one alternative:
20%-30%
40%-50%
60%-70%
10%-15%
Maximum marks: 1
30
30
Which of the following is NOT a probability sampling method?
Select one alternative:
stratified sampling
simple random sampling quota sampling
cluster sampling
Maximum marks: 1
31
31
How can Type II errors be reduced?
Select one alternative:
decreasing sample size heterogeneous population increasing sample size homogeneous population
Maximum marks: 1
Which of the following statements regarding statistical significance is FALSE?
Select one alternative:
Statistical significance is the degree of risk you are willing to take that you will reject a null when it is actually true.
The researcher can determine the level of statistical significance.
When your results are found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that they will have a meaningful effect in the clinic.
The level of statistical significance and Type I error are the same thing.
Maximum marks: 1
33
33
What is the best code to use when coding gender (e.q. in the software program SPSS)?
Select one alternative:
1, 2 M, F
Joe, Jane male, female
Maximum marks: 1
34
34
Which of the following is NOT a measure of the degree of spread or dispersion of scores?
Select one alternative:
range mode
standard deviation
Which measure of central tendency is most often used when the data has extreme scores?
Select one alternative:
mode mean midpoint median
Maximum marks: 1
36
36
Which measure would be used to describe how far a test score is from the average test score?
Select one alternative:
mode
standard deviation media
mean
Maximum marks: 1
37
37
High quality research has which of the following characteristics?
Select one alternative:
typically influenced by special interest groups is linear in nature
based on the work of others difficult to replicate
Maximum marks: 1
In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?
Select one alternative:
they have been investigated before they are not of interest to you
they are available to investigate they do not lead to another question
Maximum marks: 1
39
39
Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?
Select one alternative:
statement that you set out to prove
posits a clear relationship between different factors tested by collecting only the data that support it
proposed before a good research question can be developed
Maximum marks: 1
40
40
Experimental methods can typically be described by which of the following?
Select one alternative:
descriptive correlational qualitative
cause-and-effect
Michael hands out a survey to find out the average ae and schooling level of his class. What type of research is this?
Select one alternative:
descriptive
quasi-experimental historical
cause-and-effect
Maximum marks: 1
42
42
Correlational research provides information about which of the following?
Select one alternative:
general human behaviours in the context in which they occur historical trends
the relationship between two or more things cause-and-effect relationships
Maximum marks: 1
43
43
Qualitative research can be defined by which of the following?
Select one alternative:
examines human behaviour in the contexts in which they occur typically leads to higher-quality numeric data
one of the oldest formalised types of research used in the social and behavioral sciences directly tests the quality of a cause and effect relationship
Maximum marks: 1
Which of the following is true of the scientific method of inquiry?
Select one alternative:
different in basic research than in applied research complete once the hypothesis has been tested
systematic process that is used to answer questions will vary depending on the specific research question
Maximum marks: 1
45
45
Jacob is interested to see if there is a relationship between student absentee rate and national test scores.
Which would be the appropriate research method to use?
Select one alternative:
descriptive historical longitudinal correlational
Maximum marks: 1
46
46
Compared to longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies ______________________.
Select one alternative:
have higher mortality rates are much less expensive
have better comparability of groups cost the same
What type of research method assesses changes in behavior in one group of subjects at more than one point in time?
Select one alternative:
qualitative historical longitudinal cross-sectional
Maximum marks: 1
48
48
What would a correlation of .35 be called?
Select one alternative:
very weak moderate weak
very strong
Maximum marks: 1
49
49
Which of the following statements is false?
Select one alternative:
The higher the correlation is, the larger the “jump” in explained variance.
The absolute value of the correlation coefficient is more important than the + or – sign.
A scattergram is a visual representation of a correlation between two variables.
A correlation of .8 may be interpreted as very strong.
Maximum marks: 1
Which of the following is a fatal error in the research problem selection?
Select one alternative:
doing something meaningful
sticking with the first idea that comes to mind
selecting a problem you are genuinely interested in refining your idea upon review of the literature
Maximum marks: 1
