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Demersal Fish (Northern) CommittE

REPORT OF THE MEETING ON ABUNDANCE ESTIMATES OF ,HJVENIL1!1

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Q.ODL-HADDOCK AND WHITING FROM THE 'INTERNATIONAL YOUNG HERRING SURVEYS' IN THE NORTH SEA

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x) General Secretary, ICES,

Charlottenlund Slot,

2920 Charlottenlund,

Denmark

Charlottenlund, 12-13 March 1976

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CONTENTS

Terms of Reference •••.•••••••••••••

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Participation Introduction Surveys

1965-75

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Survey design Q l O . O O • • • O • • • • •

Yearly Distribution of Juvenile Cod, Haddock and Whiting •••

Long-Term Average Distribution •••••••••••••••••••••••••••

6.1 6.2 6.3

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Estimates of Abundance Preliminary Results

1976

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Figure 10 Tables la Table 11 Table 111

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Report of the Meeting on Abundance Estimates of Juvenile Cod, Haddock and Whiting from the 'International Young Herring Surveys' in the North Sea

10 Terms of Reference

At the 1975 Statutory Meeting of ICES in Montreal it was resolved (CoRes.

1975/2:28 (ii)) that:

"gadoid data collected from the North Sea Young Herring Surveys should be summarised in time for the meeting of the North Sea Roundfish Working Group in March 1976. To facilitate this, the scientists involved should meet for two days immediately prior to the meeting of that Working Group" •

2. Participation

"I

The meeting which was held in Char1otten1und on 12-13 March 1976 was attended by:

Dr N Daan (Chairman) Netherlands Dr J R G Hislop U.K. (Scotland) Mr J Lahn-Johannessen Norway

Mr C T Macer U.K. (England)

Mr C J R0rvik Norway

Mr E Steffensen Denmark

Mr G Wagner Germany, Federal Republic of The Group regretted the absence of representatives from U.S.SoR. and France, whose countries participated in the 1976 survey. However, most of their data were available to the Group, as they had been exchanged by radio contact during the survey.

3. Introduction

The value of an abundance estimate for the 1975 year class of the different gadoid species to be derived from the Young Herring Survey 1976 is completely dependent on ^~ accurate reference level of the abundance during surveys in former years .·'Al though these surveys have been carried out in the first

quarter of each year from 1965 onwards and a limited amount of data on gadoids has been exchanged on earlier occasions, a detailed analysis of the collected

information has been carried out only since 1972 (cf. ICES, C.M.1972/F:19, C.M.1973/F:35; C.M.1974/Fg16 and C.M.1975/F;37). Even then, however, the reports were of a rather preliminary nature, because agreement upon the ana- lysis had tobe reached by correspondence and up to this time there has been no possibility of discussing the different aspects of the surveys in relation to the objective of estimating year class strengths of gadoid species. For that reason the' participating countries had been asked before the meeting to extract as many gadoid data as possible from former surveys, and the Group decided to re-analyse the complete set of surveys in order to provide the required reference level to evaluate the abundance of juvenile fish in 1976.

40 Surveys 1965-1975 4.1 Data base

Since the surveys started in 1965 an increasing number of countries have been participating and an increasing amount of information on gadoids has been col1ectedo Although otolith sampling was only introduced recently on board most participating vessels, length distributions of the two youngest

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age groups in the catch are generally sufficiently well separated from each other and from the older fish so that an approximate split in age groups has been possible for all hauls where length measurements of fish were avail- able. There has been a gradual improvement both in the quality of the sampling- and in the area covered by the surveys. Tables I A-C summarise the data

available from each survey and for each species separately.

The Group considered the exchange of the basic information between countries and decided that in view of the vast amount of paper involved one

complete archive, from which data could be supplied upon special request, would suffice. However, complete sets of summary tables of catches per year class per haul and of length-at-age data for all years will be sent to participating countries.

4.2

Survey design

Since there are differences in the geographical distribution and behaviour of young herring, cod, haddock, whiting and Norway pout in the North Sea, the Group recognised that a single combined survey is bound to become a compromise

of conflicting methodological considerations. Although there was insufficient time for discussing the matter in detail, the design of the survey in relation to the distribution of young gadoids was briefly discussed, and the following points were agreed as being worthy of further attention.

4.2.1

The basic stratum of the gadoid part of the survey is the ICES rectangle. It

was noted that the variances of the catch rates in individual rectangles were often large, which is perhaps only to be expected when it is considered that within a rectangle there may be great variation in such factors as water depth and substrate. The Group considered the possibility of changing the

·survey design from the present method, whereby the freedom of each vessel to select its own trawling stations randomizes the distribution of haulsfto a

method whereby trawling stations within each rectangle are fixed. Although the latter method would result in improved comparability of abundance from year to year in each reotangle, it might seriously affect the statistical basis of the surveys.

A detailed analysis of the varianoes of oatch rates within rectangles is

required in order to improve upon the survey design, especially in relation to an optimum spread of the research effort available. A particular point of the

study relates to diurnal variations in catch rates of young gadoids. At present roundfis4 trawl stations may be fished both by daylight and during the night, but no inf~rmation is available on the extent to which this affects the variation in catch rates.

4.2.2

The problem of comparability of fishing power between participating research

vessels, which might seriously affeot'the survey results can be alleviated by standardising the gear. Every effort should be made to come to an agreement on this point as soon as possible.

4.2.3

The importance of covering the whole area inhabited by signifioant numbers

of young gadoids was stressed. The long-term average distribution chart for I-group haddock (Figure 5) shows that such considerable numbers occur to at least latitude 61^oN. It is recommended to extend the coverage so that the area surveyed is limited according to the 200 m line.

It was noted that due to adverse weather conditions and other factors, some- times no data were available for individual or even groups of reotangles.

To reduce the chanoe of such gaps in the information, it was considered desirable to ensure that, when the SUIyey is planned, as far as praoticable each rectangle is allocated to at least two countries.

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5. Yearly Distribution of Juvenile Cod, Haddock and Whiting

Figures 1 A-K, 2 A-J and 3 A-K present the abundance in mean numbers per hour fishing of I-group and II-group cod, haddock and whiting, respectively.

6. Long-Term Average Distribution

6.1

In order to provide a guideline for determining the areas of highest

density of young fish, which are to be covered in future surveys, and also to delimit suitable areas for calculating abundance estimates from the available surveys, long-term average catches per hour fishing per rectangle were calculated for both I-group and II-group cod, haddock and whiting

over the years of surveys (Figures

4,

5 and

6).

Cod (Figure 4)

I-group cod appear to be the most densely distributed along the continent2)l coast. A secondary band of higher catch rates runs from the English north- east coast over the Dogger Bank towards the Skagerak. Low abundance is observed southeast of the Dogger Bank and young cod are virtually absent from Scottish waters. In the northern North Sea there are only 2 years of observation, during which large catches have been reported in the central part only.

II-group cod show the same general distribution pattern, with a markedly

low abundance southeast of the Dogger Bank. However, compared to the I-grou~

cod, the II-group fish are much less concentrated along the continental coast and more widely distributed in the northern North Sea.

6.2

Haddock (Figure 5)

Both I-group and II-group haddock are! almost exclusively found to the west and north of the Dogger Bank, where they appear to be rather evenly distri- buted. Considerable quantities occur at the northern limit of the present survey.

6.3 Whiting (Figure 6)

Young whiting are distributed more generally throughout the North Sea than both haddock and cod. The largest catches of I-group whiting are made along the east coast of the British Isles and in the German Bight and relatively few are found to the north of latitude 58°N. Although the distribution of

the II-group~whiting is broadly similar, these fish are more abundant than

the I-group between 58°N and 60^oN.

1.

Estimates of Abundance

Estimates of annual abundance were made for 1- and II-group cod, haddock and whiting using the data from the surveys in

1965

to

1915

and the provisional data on I-group fish obtained in

1916.

When estimates were made from un- transformed data, the variances turned out to be considerably in excess of the mean, suggesting a negative ^bi~nomial distribution of the catches over the North Sea. AccorQingly, the estimates of abundance given in this

report were made using data that had been transformed to natural logarithms after the addition of 1 to each data point.

Two s,ets of indices were calculated in order to take account of the fact that the coverage of the North Sea had gradually changed. One set of indices for all three species refers to Divisions IVb-c in which all the fishing had taken place prior to

1969

(Table 11) and which thus provides the longest series of comparable years. In addition a separate index has been calculated for cod in Division IVa (Table Ill) in view of the fact

that the North Sea Roundfish Working Group generally assesses the cod stocks in the two areas separately. For haddock and whiting an index for the whole North Sea has also been provided (Table Ill).

4 -

The rectangles included in the calculations are outlined in Figures 4, 5 and 6. For haddock the whole southerly area has been omitted, because this area is of no significance for this species. Similarly, other boun- daries of the ICES regions have been slightly adjusted to fit the present requirements.

No trials were made at this stage to compare the results with estimates of year class size from VPA, since it was assumed that an updated VPAwould be calculated at the North Sea Roundfish Working Gro~p meeting immediately following the present meeting. However, a comparison of the log-transformed indices of I-group and II-group cod, haddock and whiting revealed highly significant correlation coefficients (p < 0.02 for all species, Figure 10), indicating that the surveys present reproducable results for each of these two age groups in consecutive years.

No evaluation of the data in Table III has been made, because these refer to a rather limited number of years only. It may be observed, however, ~

that for cod in Division IVa there seems t.o be no correlation between I-group and II-group cod abundance, which suggests that the cod in this area might recruit from elsewhere.

8.

Preliminary Results

1976

Survey

Figures

7,

8 and

9

show the catches of I-group cod, haddock and whiting during the

1976

Survey. The figures are provisional, because except for Scotland and Denmark, which countries brought their final data to the meeting, most countries were not able to analyse their otolith samples in time. Consequently, an estimate o,f the catches of I-group fish has been made on the assumption that all cod < 25 cm and all haddock and whiting

< 20 cm belonged to the

1975

year classes.

It is seen that in the northern North Sea a number of squares have not been fished due to the bad weather conditions during the first part of the survey period.

8.1 Cod (Figure 7)

The general distribution pattern of the cod year class

1975

corresponds very well with the long-term average (Figure

4 A),

but catches were very poor throughout the North Sea. The estimated abundance (Table Ill) indeed indicates a very poor year class.

8.2 Haddock (Figur~~8)

The catches of young haddock were very poor throughout the North Sea, the year class strength index for

1975

being comparable to the extremely poor year classes

1965

and

1969

(Table Ill).

8.3 Whiting (Figure 9)

The distribution of young whiting in

1976

was rather patchy. The

English northeast coast yielded high catches, whereas in the southeastern part and in the northern part of ~he North Sea the catches were below average. One extremely large catch was made in the tailend area. The overall index of the whiting

1975

year class appears to be above average (Table Ill).

9.

Recommendations

I. A vast amount of information in growth of individual year classes is available in the basic material, the analysis of which might reveal a 'relation to the abundance of the year classes. In view of the relevance of density-dependent growth to stock assessment it is recommended that the growth data are worked up.

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2. Problems relating to survey design should be studied

in detail. The data file contains a vast amount of valuable information, which could be used for this purpose.

3.

Every effort should be made to ensure that:

Ca) the gear is standardised as far and as soon as possible;

(b) all rectangles where young roundfish might be present in significant numbers are covered by the survey each year. A change in the planning is recommended so that each square is allocated to at least two countries. This would reduce the possibility of a square not being sampled.

Figures 1 A-K, 2 A-J and 3 A-K represent the mean catches per 1 hour's trawling per statistical rectangle of 1- and 11 group cod, haddock and whiting taken during the International Young Herring Surveys of 1965i~ to

1975.

The numbers of valid hauls can be supplied on request.

Figures 4, 5 and 6 give the mean numbers per 1 hour's fishing of 1- and II-group cod, haddock and whiting taken during the period

1965-750

The number of years for which data were avail- able can be supplied on request.

Figure~,l 79 8 and 9 represent preliminary estimates of mean

number per hour's fishing of juvenile cod, haddock and

whiting during the

1976

Young Herring Survey. The numbers of valid hauls can be su~plied on request.

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