CM_1971_E_33.pdf (590.0Kb)

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International Council for C. M. 1971/E:33

the Exploration of the Sea Fisheries Improvement Committee

Mercury in marine fish. A preliminary report.

by

G. Berge and K. H. Palmork x)

The following report has been prepared in response to the relevant recommendation past by ICES Fisheries Improvement Committee at the Council meeting 1970.

AnalYf.€l .. on mercury content in marine organisms from Norwegian

waters were first made by Raeder and Snekvik (1941, 1949 a and 1949 b).

The levels in several species of marine fish, crustaceans and molluscs' were recorded, and ranged mostly between 0.05 - 0.15 ppm total Hg (wet weight).

As a consequence of the world wide problem of mercury contaminated

fish, some analyses were performed on commercial Norwegian cod (samples) in 1965. The recorded values were below O. 1 ppm in muscle. Over th,e last years a more intensive study of the mercury problem in the whole biota has been performed.

Different laboratories, identified by their initials in the text of the figures I to 8, have performed the analyses, the result of which are presented here. These laboratories are: Institutt for Neeringsmiddelhygiene, Norges Veterinaerhs;Syskole, Oslo, (NVH), Veterinaerinstituttet, Oslo, (VI), Sentral- instituttet for Industriell Forskning, Oslo, (SI), Hermetikkindustriens

Kontrollinstitutt, Stavanger, (~). The values are given in ppm, wet weight.

x) Institute of Marine Research.

Directorate of Fisheries, Bergen, Norway.

- 2 -

The results of a gradient study of mercury in the Trondheimsfjord waters are presented in Fig. 9. This fjord is an example of a fjord system shown to be contaminated by mercury from the pulp mill industry situated in the inner part of the fjord (Berge, Ljf!$en and Palmork 1970).

DISCUSSION

The commercial fisheries of Norway are based on coastal waters and high sea fi:::hing, except for spra.t 'Nhich are also caught in the fjords. The

results cox'Ccpibd de.rnonsb:ate that the resources on which these fisheries are based are v<:..yy J.:)~):T ic, n1.e:ccury. For the different species of the offshore fish, there are no l:L(yi;:keable increase in the mean mercury levels since the time of the analyses reported by Raeder and Snekvik (1941, 1949 a and 1949 b).

Much of the analytical work has been conducted in areas of suspected contamination fron1. industrial plants using mercury in their production.

Figures 1 to 8 show that :five aJ:eas demof!.strate a raised level of mercury in £:1,:3:1, 1':1',,::;,(: ."'.,},'e2..[:; 3.:O'e: Th,,, inner. TrondJ1e:.l'.nsfjord, the Sf!$rfjorden brp,lic).i, cf t'G':: t<:\.::.'I.",(~J.:0'c~:'·:5;)rd, the Fedafjord, t~l::: :~~idangerfjord area and the ~,~_>;~ 3..:':1.~ s.f; ^o:t() ~ ']i-,.Q !:;.~<\:;'e.33 of. inputs are idenU,fi "cl as pulp mill factories, zin.:' f,··;;n:1uctio!.:, ":~lj,c:·'t:i.l·'.e ::n'')tJi::.ction and PVC production.

Du.c:c

cc.

th~ p:)r'.·~~·;·:L,n ly~'c!:,~~e1.·D8, the pulp nlill factories voluntarily stopped

USL1g J~:v::::;:":u:r;,r .,~",d.00 in their production by January 1970. The other

f2.c~::yr:l,eG :;::" ':;.u:.,stio'l ;,1,),:/(;. started research programr.("!c8 to minimize their

rDe 1:' C'U.,"l' roJJ:;,l'tion.

Cornpa.:r.L'.g the levels 0:: n"'~i=7.'C'1ry in the different fish fxom the polluted areas, it is noticeable tha,t 113\:"(::18 are highest in cod, intermediate in flatfish and haddock and IC)'\78st in sprat. These differences are probably attributable to their fee,ling hQ'bits. Even in the most suspected areas, no sprat has been found to have D,liy noteworthy levels of mercury, the maxi- mum being O. 3 ppm and the overall mean 0.08 ppm. Cod, however, has in the Sf!$rfjord been recorded with maximum 4 ppm mercury.

- 3 -

No commercial fisheries take place in these fjords, but some sports fishing and fishing for private consumption occur. The fact that the products of this fishing are not marketed and that they are of little overall importance in the household explains why it has not been found nece s sary to introduce re strictions.

Programmes have been carried out and others are under way to investi- gate the physical and biological transport from the input sources. The report by Berge, LjS'Jen and Palmork (1970) on the sediment and sea

water analysis on mercury from the Trondheimfjord, showed that in spite of the input being stopped half a year earlier, great amounts of mercury were still present in the sediments outside a pulp mill factory. This

contributed continous1y to the fjord water, and raised levels were recorded in the surface water within this basin. The impression from these results, as well as from other observations are that there is a retarded transport of mercury out of the fjord system.

REFERENCES

BERGE, G., LJ0EN, R., PALMORK, K. H. 1970.

A pollution study of the Trondheim Fjord: A fjord system influenced by sewage and pulp mill industry.

FAO Technical Conference on Marine Pollution and its Effects on Living Resources and Fishing. Rome, Italy 9-18 December 1970, FIR:MP/70/E.72 18 November 1970.

RAEDER. M. G., SNEKVIK, E. 1941.

Quecksilbergehalt mariner Organismen.

Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab.

Forhandlinger BD XIII, nr. 42.

- 4 -

RAEDER, M. G., SNEKVIK, E. 1949.

Mercury Detel'minations in Fish and other Aquatic Organisms.

Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Se1skab.

Forhandlinger BD XX!, nr. 25.

RAEDER, M. G., SNEKVIK, E. 1949.

Mercury Content of Fish and other Aquatic Organisms.

Det KongeUge Norske Videnskabers Se1skab.

Forhandlinger BD XXI, nr. 26.

Goal£ish

1. Fjordgard 2. Andl1>ya 3. Trl1>nde1ag 4. Tautra 5. Sl1>rfjorden 6. Frierfjord,

Eidangerfjord

'7. Fredrikstad-Hva1er

o.

MERCURY in MAX 0,360 0,36 0,-.130 0,050 0, 040

0,073

I

0, 087 0,707^x 0,06 0, 06 0, 18 1,63 0,09 0, 14 1,27 1, 27

ppm Fig. 1

MEA~ n ANALYSED BY

-1

0,249 10

NVH

0, 24 4

VI

0,067 12

NVH

0,045 2

NVH

0,040 2

SI

,0: ^08~j.1 i

^I

^VI

0, 06 1

VI

0, 71 8

NVH

0,'12 5

NVH

1,27 : 1

NVH

"

MERCURY

0,05

" , / lat),I//I///!I//I;~/'~ 0,040

l,/

^{~ /'...1. I I / ' I ' / / I}

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70

j

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I I

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Cod 1. 0st-Finnmark 2. Ytre Troms 3. Lq6ksfjord 4. 1v1istfjord 5. Steinkj<Er 6. Follafoss . 7. Hennefjord

8. Tautra 9. Sq6rfjorden 10~ Drammensfjord

0,078 0, 043 0,24 0,17 0,08 0,052 0,45 1, 01 1,95 0, 22 0,04

'11.' Frierfjord,Eidangerfjord 12. Fredrikstad'-Hvaler .

I

MAX

0,110 0,04 0,150 0,06 0, 11O 0,150

0,086 0, 084 0,24 2,05 0,26 0,220 4,70 3,27 . 4, 66 311

,

.

0,55 0,22 0,60 3,60

13. Midtre Fjord

L--_. __ ..

in ppm Fig. 2

MEAN In ANALYSED BY

'1

- I

0,080 2 NVH

~

0, 04 2 SI -- 0,13 2 NVH 0, 055 2 SI 0, 072 6 NVH 0,085 12 NVH

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1 0, 25~

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I

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4. Fredrikstad-Hvaler 5. 'Sande£jord

MERCURY in ppm

MIN ^M..l\X MEAN ⁿ

..

---

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0,41 0,50 0,46 2

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,

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-

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fjord

.-

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Fig. 3 ANALYSED. BY

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Nord-Norge

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----.~--..:,'---

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Fig. 4

- - - -

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NVH SI SI NVH

VI

VI

VI

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I

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MERCURY ^{in pprn Fig. 5}

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Sprat 1. Trondheimsfjorden

2 .. __ .M~re og Romsdal 3. Nordfford

4. Sognefjord

5. Ytre Hardanger

6. ^Ryfy'rke 7. Oslofjorden

S~rla I1.det

\

.

Borgenfjord

MAX

0,11 0, 15 0,04 0,06 0, 09 0,08 0,05 0,06

0,30 0, 23 0, 15 0,08 0, 07

in ppm

- - r - ", Fig. 6

---

MEAN

0,05 0,11 0, 04 0,04 004

,

. 0,06 , 0,04 0,05 0,11 0,16 0, 12 0, 05 0,05

n I ANALYSED BY

5 .. VI 16 HL 12 HL

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28 HL 6 HL 4 HL 4 HL 42 HL

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1 1-

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MERCURY in ppm

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0,12

I

0,22 0,16 9

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0,08 10,12 0,10 1

Fig. 7 ANALYSED BY

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Whiting

1. S1>rfjorden 2. Drammensfjord

3. Fredrikstad-Hva1er

0,99 ^{0,68 7}

VI

1,88 1, 52 9 ^NVH

0, 30 0,22 ² NVH

, _ _ - - ' -____ ... _____ , .. _ ,L .. _ . _ _ .• ________ .. , .... ,.,

...J

-

^{:c, tnl 2' 1.6·}

m :J..0.8·

MERCURY

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x

:<10 M _,

0 ... X

/ ...

, ...

/ ' / ... 0 ....

/ .

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o

x~ ^1---1

&<... 40 20

OUTER FJORD

/ ---.x ^I

^{100 KM 0}

_~.-<Y ^{I 60}

⁶⁰ INNER <'JOR

Fig. 9., Mercury content of the Trondheim fjord water May 1970.

From Berge et e1. (1970).