ERFARINGER FRA UTARBEIDELSE OG

ERFARINGER FRA UTARBEIDELSE OG IMPLEMENTERING AV BREF'ER

Miljøforum 20.9.2017, Miljødirektoratet, Oslo

Fagsjef/ toksikolog NAVF Sverre Alhaug Høstmark, Norsk Industri

Innhold

• Konkurranse på like vilkår

– uten tekniske handelshindre

• IED - historisk bakgrunn og Sevillaprosessen

• Utviklingstrekk vedr. BREFer

• Erfaringer, utfordringer og ønsker

• Oppsummering

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 2

Like konkurransevilkår

• Kritisk for uskjermet sektor

• Avgjørende for varer prissatt i verdensmarkedet og uten tekniske fortrinn:

– Norske eksportvarer er typisk sårbare – Miljøkrav -> «Green procurement» ? – «Foregangsland» ?

• Industrien må ha myndighetenes forståelse

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 3

IEDs formål, Preamble 44

• Enkeltland kan ikke klare å sikre høyt nivå på beskyttelse av mennesker og miljø i Europa

• Derfor (IPPC) - IED

• Men: Proporsjonalitetsprinsippet gjelder også

• Derfor går ikke IED lenger enn det som er nødvendig for å nå dette mål F-loven kan gå lenger – men også her gjelder vel proporsjonalitetsprinsippet?

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 4

IED - historisk bakgrunn:

• Ønske om helhetlig overnasjonal miljøregulering – IPPC:

– IPPC: Direktiv 96/61/EC – senere 2008/1/EU – Annex I – (aktiviteter omfattet av IED)

• Evaluering

– Viste fortsatt store ulikheter – spesielt pga. implementering

• EUs svar: Mer og strengere lovgivning: IED Direktiv 2010/75/EU

– Utvidet Annex I – (aktiviteter omfattet av IED) – Veileder om BREF-dokumenter 2012/119/EU – Juridisk bindende BAT konklus joner

Sevilla-prosessen beholdes

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 5

Nasjonalt spillerom i IED

• Art. 15.4: Derogations: achievement of BAT EALs as descibend in BAT conclusions would lead to disproportionaterly higher costs compared to the environmental benefits (ELV > upper BAT AEL)

• Art.15.3: The CA shall set ELVs that ensure that, under normal operaring conditions, emissions do not exceed BAT AELs as laid down in the

decisions on BAT conclusions (ELVs within the Upper and lower BAT AEL range)

• Art.18: Where an EQS requires stricter conditions than those

achievable by the use of BAT, additional measures shall be included in the permit, without prejudice to other meqasures which may be taken to comply with EQS) – e.g. restrictions on use of materials, level of

avctivity etc. ELVs may be set lower than lower AEL

• Art.14.4: Without prejudice to Article 18, the CAs may set stricter permit conditions than those achievable by the use of the BAT as described in the BAT conclusions)

Når?

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 6

Sevilla-prosessen

Miljøforum 20.9.2017 7

MS, industriorg. og e-NGO utgjør arb.grp. (TWG) JRC (COM) er sekretariat og forhandlingsleder

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 8

Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016) Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016)

Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001 Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001

Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 2017 Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 2017

Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products

Industries SA

BREF 05.2005 2017/2018

Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products

Industries SA

BREF 05.2005 2017/2018

Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF 05.2005 Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF 05.2005

Emissions from Storage EFS BREF 07.2006 Emissions from Storage EFS BREF 07.2006

Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014) Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014)

Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF 08.2006 Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF 08.2006

Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006 Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006

Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015) Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015)

Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013) Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013)

Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007 Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers

LVIC-AAF

BREF 08.2007

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers

LVIC-AAF

BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and

Others Industry

LVIC-S

BREF 08.2007

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and Others Industry

LVIC-S

BREF 08.2007

Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007 Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007

Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007 Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007

Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation with Chemicals)

STS

BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015)

Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation with Chemicals)

STS

BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015)

Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009 Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009

Industry EmissionsDirective Industry EmissionsDirective

Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC

Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC

Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC

Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium

Oxide CLM

BREF 04.2013 BATC

Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium

Oxide CLM

BREF 04.2013 BATC

Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC

Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC

Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC

Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC

Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ Management Systems in the Chemical Sector

CWW

BREF 06.2016 BATC

Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/

Management Systems in the Chemical Sector

CWW

BREF 06.2016 BATC

Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC

Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP

BREF 07.2017 BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP

BREF 07.2017 BATC

Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010) Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010)

Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011)

Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical

Sector WGC

KoM 09.2017

Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical

Sector WGC

KoM 09.2017

Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted Documen

t Formal draft (*) Estimated review start

Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted

Document Formal draft (*)

Estimated review start

Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006

Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017) Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017)

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 9

Utviklingstrekk

for BREFer:

Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016) Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016)

Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001 Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001

Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 2017 Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 2017

Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products

Industries SA

BREF 05.2005 2017/2018

Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products

Industries SA

BREF 05.2005 2017/2018

Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF 05.2005 Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF 05.2005

Emissions from Storage EFS BREF 07.2006 Emissions from Storage EFS BREF 07.2006

Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014) Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014)

Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF 08.2006 Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF 08.2006

Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006 Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006

Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015) Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015)

Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013) Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013)

Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007 Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers

LVIC-AAF

BREF 08.2007

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers

LVIC-AAF

BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and

Others Industry

LVIC-S

BREF 08.2007

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and Others Industry

LVIC-S

BREF 08.2007

Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007 Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007

Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007 Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007

Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation with Chemicals)

STS

BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015)

Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation with Chemicals)

STS

BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015)

Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009 Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009

Industry EmissionsDirective Industry EmissionsDirective

Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC

Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC

Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC

Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium

Oxide CLM

BREF 04.2013 BATC

Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium

Oxide CLM

BREF 04.2013 BATC

Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC

Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC

Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC

Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC

Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ Management Systems in the Chemical Sector

CWW

BREF 06.2016 BATC

Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/

Management Systems in the Chemical Sector

CWW

BREF 06.2016 BATC

Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC

Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP

BREF 07.2017 BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP

BREF 07.2017 BATC

Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010) Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010)

Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011)

Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical

Sector WGC

KoM 09.2017

Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical

Sector WGC

KoM 09.2017

Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted Documen

t Formal draft (*) Estimated review start

Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted

Document Formal draft (*)

Estimated review start

Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006

Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017) Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017)

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 10

Utviklingstrekk

for BREFer:

Det integrerte perspektivet

• Er betydelig svekket med IED

• Har ikke blitt realisert i en rekke EU-land

• Cross-Media effects blir ikke respektert

• Uten godt skjønn, vil BAT-AEL-grenser kunne overkjøre tekniske sammenhenger og begrensninger mellom ulike miljøparametre.

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 11

ERFARINGER

Normale driftsforhold

IED Preamble 15 og artikkel 15.3:

“The competent authority shall set emission limit values that ensure that,

under normal operating conditions,

emissions do not exceed the emission levels associated with the best available techniques as laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions referred to in Article 13(5)

……

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 13

Proporsjonalitet og driftsforhold

Mange ulike kilder: Noen store, noen små

• Krav til driftssikkerhet og instrumentering må avpasses Normale driftsforhold:

• Driftsavbrudd, redundans og overvåking i store vs små kilder – konsekvenser svært ulike

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 14

Noen U-normale driftsforhold

• Strømstans

• Instrumentsvikt

• Pumpe- / viftesvikt

• Hull i posefilter

• Oppstart og nedkjøring

• Ut-testing og feilsøking

• Følgevirkninger fra andre deler av et integrert anlegg

• Én time unormale forhold kan i verste fall tilsvare nær én ukes utslipp under normale forhold! Jo høyere renseeffekt, jo mer dramatiske utslag.

• Et døgns svikt i en liten kilde (10 000 Nm3/t) kan utgjøre et kvarter på en stor kilde.

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 15

Dagens grense støvutslipp

Ny BATAEL-range (2-5)

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 16

Grenser der god drift gir brudd på

tillatelsen kan ikke industrien leve med

Dagens grense støvutslipp

Ny BATAEL-range (2-5)

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 17

Spes. om støv - industristøv

Ingen teknikker for å fjerne metaller fra smelteverksgasser (ex Hg). Posefiltre tar støv, men kan ikke skille ut enkeltmetaller

• => Uheldig å sette metallgrenser for støv. Evt. hvorfor bare for industri?

• => Evt. sette overvåkingskrav, ikke grense

I et nylig eksempel satte Mdir en firedobbel innstramming på støv:

• Lavere enn laveste BAT-AEL

• Hensyntok ikke Normal Operating Conditions

• Avkortet ved å slå sammen kilder

• Avkorting ved å sette metallgrense for støv

Frist satt et halvt år før konkurrenter

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 18

IEDs grensesetting og norsk praksis

• IED setter grenser per type utrustning, per enhet

– eks 2-5 mg støv/Nm ³ , samt en gjennomsnittstid, uten «loads»

• Norsk tradisjon opererer med loads: kg støv/ tidsenhet. Til dels med avkorting for flere sammenslåtte enheter

• En tilleggsbegrensning som ikke respekterer IEDs tankemåte

• Konkurransevridende.

• Andre land innfører nå «cut-off» for lave loads, også i års- rapportering. Industrien etterlyser lignende praksis i Norge

• «Null-utslipp» er ikke null utslipp – men fravær av skadevirkninger

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 19

Null-utslipp, loads og måleteknikk

• TA 2748 - Forventninger til industriens utslippskontroll:

• «Analyseresultater under deteksjonsgrensen for

komponenter som det er sannsynlig å finne i bedriftens

utslipp, skal angis som en verdi lik halve deteksjonsgrensen»

• Dette er åpenbart gal statistikk – og hjelper ikke på

«nullvisjonen»

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 20

Rett bruk av målegrenser: LOD/LOQ

The figure illustrates the relationship between the blank, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) by showing the probability density function for normally distributed

measurements at the blank, at the LOD defined as 3 * standard deviation of the blank, and at the LOQ defined as 10 * standard deviation of the blank.

For a signal at the LOD, the alpha error (probability of false positive) is small (1 %). However, the beta error (probability of a false negative) is 50 % for a sample that has a concentration at the LOD (red line).

This means a sample could contain an impurity at the LOD, but there is a 50 % chance that a measurement would give a result less than the LOD. At the LOQ (blue line), there is minimal chance of a false negative.

LOD skal ikke brukes til kvantifisering, kun detektering

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 21

Norsk IED-implementering:

• MDir velger å benytte Artikkel 14.4 allerede på de første sakene. Vi etterlyser retningslinjer for bruk av Art. 14.4 fra departementet

• Svekkelse av proporsjonalitetsprinsippet: «Gold-plating»

• Tilsidesettelse av «normale driftsforhold»

• Fristen i IED er 13.6.2020. Hvorfor frister før dette? Konkurrentland

• Trege saksbehandling gir redusert tid til ombygging .

Investeringene i miljøforbedringer må ikke gå lenger enn det som er nødvendig for å oppnå målene.

Ytterligere utslippsreduksjoner gir ikke nødvendigvis miljøforbedringer eller økte markedsmuligheter – bare konkurransevridende

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 22

Blir konkurransen lik?

• Kompleksiteten har økt – ulikhetene innen EU har heller økt

• Mange land har ulike forvaltningsnivå, og oppdelt sektoransvar

• Kulturforskjeller mellom Nord- og Sør-Europa endres ikke med lover

• Generelt tregt og vel fleksibelt i Sør-Europa

• Bokstavtro i AU, DE, NL, UK, DK, S, FI

• Norge synes å bli mer restriktivt

• Vil god forvaltningspraksis forsvinne?

• Realistiske kost-/nyttevurderinger

• Vurdering av miljømessig betydning / dimensjon

• Teknisk innsikt : Skille uhell, forstyrrelser og normale driftsforhold

• Uslippsreduksjon ≠ miljøforbedring

• Tidsfaktoren

• Det integrerte perspektivet

21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 23

TAKK FOR OPPMERKSOMHETEN!

Sverre Alhaug Høstmark, Fagsjef Ytre miljø,

Norsk Industri - [email protected]