To better understand the leaching behavior of the waste fractions studied and other waste categories not included in this research, leaching tests should be conducted for additional priority elements and compounds. Dynamic leaching tests are also important to document leaching of long term deposited waste. As a part of this, a conceptual model of the fate of hazardous compounds can be made to map important exposure routes of contaminants to the environment and humans, also covering the fate of unwanted contamination in recycled materials. This could include an adaptation of the leaching procedure to mimic the environment of deposited waste.
92
Analyzing consequences and risk of leached hazardous compounds from waste materials can lead to a better understanding of their effect in the environment. Documentation of the speciation of elements can be used to assess the bioavailability and transport of compounds, as well as their interaction and toxicity when leachate liquids enter groundwater systems.
93
6 Conclusion
The release potential of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn from vehicle fluff, combustible and waste electronics has been studied. Significant release of Cu and Zn from vehicle fluff and waste electronics was observed. The results suggested that a majority of total Cu, Pb and Cd content from combustible waste can be released over a short time period. Statistics of waste produced each year in Norway were used to estimate potential release rates. The results showed that significant amounts of metals can potentially be released from deposited waste.
Geochemical modeling of metal speciation in the leaching liquid showed that most of the metals are forming strong complexation with organic species even at low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. Complexation of metals with organic carbon can as a consequence lead to highly mobile metal species that can increase the total load and long term risk of exposure of the environment.
The release of heavy metals from waste is a serious issue that must be addressed in order to avoid unwanted contaminants in the environment, and should be considered when developing improved waste handling processes that are necessary to achieve a circular economy.
94
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8 Appendices
Contents
A. ICP-MS ... 110
B. Ion Chromatography ... 112
B.a. Cations ... 112
B.b. Anions ... 114
C. Leachate liquid analysis results ... 116
D. Geochemical modeling ... 118
D.a. Metal speciation ... 118
D.b. Saturation ... 120
D.c. Variation in DOC content ... 123
E. Total metal content by acid digestion ... 125
F. Heavy metal release in literature ... 126
G. Equipment ... 128
110