Embora se reconheçam os méritos deste trabalho, há de se mencionar também as limitações do mesmo. Neste sentido, ainda que o modelo testado nesta tese apresente um avanço no estudo da discriminação contra imigrantes brasileiros, ele não analisa os aspectos macrossociais, societais e intergrupais envolvidos neste processo. Os resultados desta tese precisam ser inseridos em um contexto social mais amplo, no qual as características das relações entre Brasil e Portugal devem ser levadas em consideração.
A este respeito, destaca-se o contexto de crise econômica vivenciado em Portugal no período dos estudos empíricos desenvolvidos nesta tese. De fato, este cenário provavelmente deve ter influenciado as respostas dos participantes sobre a
135 contratação do candidato português ou do candidato brasileiro. Pensa-se que este aspecto não invalida os resultados desta tese, não obstante, destaca-se a necessidade de replicações futuras destes resultados.
Ademais, ainda há muitas questões que precisam ser respondidas. Estudos futuros podem analisar outros fatores mediadores envolvidos nesta relação entre categorização e discriminação. Os estereótipos, por exemplo, precisam ser investigados mais a fundo, sendo testados em delineamentos de pesquisa diferentes dos desenvolvidos nesta tese. Outra possibilidade é analisar o papel da identificação grupal neste processo. Provavelmente esta relação de moderação mediada é diferente em indivíduos que pertencem a grupos com baixo status. Também se fazem necessárias replicações dos resultados desta tese com diferentes grupos alvo e em diferentes línguas ou mesmo diferentes sotaques dentro de um mesmo país, como é o caso do Brasil que tem variações linguísticas tão díspares entre suas regiões.
No que concerne às limitações dos estudos desenvolvidos nesta tese quanto ao aspecto técnico e metodológico, pensa-se que uma delas foi a verificação da manipulação. Esta foi particularmente problemática no Estudo 3, no qual os participantes tiveram que avaliar os dois candidatos. Na oportunidade foi perguntada a nacionalidade de cada candidato dizendo o seu nome, então não se sabe ao certo se os participantes que erraram a verificação da manipulação o fizeram porque não perceberam o sotaque do candidato ou simplesmente porque não associaram o nome do candidato ao seu sotaque. Outra limitação que precisa ser apontada foi a manipulação da justificação no Estudo 4. De fato, esta manipulação pode ter ativado outros conteúdos além dos que eram pretendidos. Em estudos futuros esta manipulação precisa ser aprimorada de forma a evitar possíveis variáveis intervenientes no delineamento.
136 Destarte, confia-se que esta tese tenha alcançado seu objetivo geral, analisando empiricamente o papel do sotaque na relação entre categorização e discriminação. As hipóteses foram corroboradas por meio de evidências experimentais, o que, confia-se ser uma contribuição importante não só para a área da psicologia social, mas também para o entendimento da sociedade como um todo de que a forma de falar de um indivíduo não deve ser um fator desencadeador muito menos legitimador da discriminação contra outros membros da sociedade.
Finalmente, pensa-se que esta tese representa apenas o primeiro passo dado para analisar o papel do sotaque na discriminação. Não obstante, apesar de o sotaque ser uma marca grupal importante para o estudo da discriminação, ele não é suficiente para explicar um fenômeno que é tão complexo e que envolve desde aspectos psicológicos, integrupais, societais e macrossociais. Em outras palavras, a discriminação de um imigrante não pode ser explicada apenas com base em uma mera disfluência na comunicação, mas há de se observar as relações intergrupais existentes e o contexto no qual estão inseridas.
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