Local (provincial) picture

Esta revisão narrativa permitiu concluir que os dentes mais frequentemente ausentes por agenésia, após os terceiros molares, são os incisivos laterais superiores e segundos pré- molares. Nos estudos mais recentes verifica-se uma maior prevalência do segundo pré-molar inferior.

Os autores concordam que a agenésia manifesta-se, maioritariamente, com a ausência de um ou dois dentes. No caso de ausências múltiplas, é mais frequente a agenésia bilateral, comparativamente à agenésia unilateral. Deste modo, é possível verificar frequentes associações entre a ausência dos segundos pré-molares inferiores com os segundos pré- molares superiores, segundos pré-molares inferiores com os incisivos laterais superiores e, todos estes dentes em simultâneo.

No que diz respeito à prevalência da agenésia entre homens e mulheres, ainda não existe consenso entre os vários autores relativamente ao género mais afetado.

Apesar dos vários estudos, de um modo geral não se verificaram diferenças significativas relativamente ao maxilar mais frequentemente afetado, tanto do lado esquerdo como do lado direito.

Todos os autores concordam que o diagnóstico precoce é crucial para a obtenção dos melhores resultados terapêuticos. Defendem ainda que as crianças devem ser monitorizadas desde os 6 anos, através da observação clínica e radiográfica. Relativamente ao tratamento, é quase unânime que este pode ser simples ou complexo, dependendo do número de dentes afetados, devendo o paciente ser sujeito aos cuidados de uma equipa multidisciplinar, incluindo odontopediatras, ortodontistas e cirurgiões orais.

São necessários mais estudos para verificar, não só qual o segundo dente mais afetado, mas também para esclarecer se existe alguma diferença entre os géneros e os maxilares. Os autores defendem que estes estudos deverão incluir crianças de idade superior a 12 anos.

24

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