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Konsekvenser vindpark

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7. KONSEKVENSER AV VINDPARKEN

7.5 Fauna (vilt)

7.5.3 Konsekvenser vindpark

Desde 2000 que o não se levava a cabo uma análise sobre funções-voto para um conjunto tão alargado de países europeus. O último estudo conhecido é o de Chappell e Veiga (2000), onde os autores não encontram uma relação forte entre as variáveis políticas e económicas, com os resultados eleitorais. Este trabalho vem colmatar esse vazio e tenta, ainda, analisar o efeito do processo de integração Europeu nessa relação.

Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que algumas variáveis económicas e políticas afectam a decisão de voto do eleitor. Mais concretamente, a variável económica com maior influência é o crescimento real do produto, onde consistentemente se encontrou evidência de um efeito positivo deste índice económico nas percentagens de votos das estruturas governamentais analisadas. As restantes variáveis económicas não demonstram um efeito consistente, dado que nem sempre são estatisticamente significativas. Relativamente às variáveis políticas, tal como é defendido na revisão de literatura, a percentagem de votos da eleição anterior é sempre relevante. Em relação às restantes variáveis políticas, estas exercem um efeito estatisticamente mais forte quando estamos a analisar a percentagem de votos do partido líder, o que vão de acordo com o trabalho de Wilkin et al (1997), onde defendem que é mais fácil responsabilizar o partido líder do que o governo como um todo.

No que toca ao efeito do processo de integração Europeu nos modelos de funções-voto estudados, apenas a relação entre a situação de maioria governamental e a percentagem de votos do partido líder, parece ter sido afectada. Contudo, analisando situações onde o défice orçamental é superior a três por cento do PIB, encontrou-se evidência de que com o TM, os eleitores passaram a penalizar mais os governos (e os partidos líderes) por agravamentos das contas públicas. Assim, com o TM, o eleitor europeu passou a recompensar mais os governos que fossem fiscalmente mais responsáveis.

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7. 7. 7.

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Anexo

Anexo

Anexo

Anexo

Tabela 1 - Estatísticas descritivas das variáveis

Variáveis Variáveis Variáveis

Variáveis Obs.Obs.Obs. Obs. MédiaMédia MédiaMédia Desvio Padrão MínimoDesvio PadrãoDesvio PadrãoDesvio Padrão MínimoMínimoMínimo MáximoMáximoMáximoMáximo EFGH 188 46.09707 11.48174 6.85 91 EFG 188 49.13548 11.43303 10.6 89.4 IFGH 142 32.59092 9.861789 6.8 54.1 IFG 165 34.91861 10.20704 0 54.37 JKG 2880 0.8164583 0.7019505 -3.347 3.722 ∆LFG 2802 -0.007167 2.466642 20.531 -16.46 ∆MFG 1708 0.0096019 0.2586608 -0.675 1.35 ∆NFG 1664 -0.0062666 0.3312674 -1.163 14.249 OPQRFG 2940 0.0404762 0.1971068 0 1 GSFTFG 2751 38.20756 41.41146 1 214 OqQ^rFG 2750 15.53927 14.72186 1 76 TQUFG 160 0.6760073 0.4295508 0 1 ~FG 2940 0.2693878 0.4437172 0 1 Z[…[†OFG 2940 0.2846939 0.4513453 0 1

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Tabela 2 - Periodicidade das variáveis

Variáveis VariáveisVariáveis

Variáveis JKG ∆LFG ∆MFG ∆NFG EleiçõesEleiçõesEleiçõesEleições Áustria Áustria Áustria Áustria 1961t1 1961t1 1993t1 1976 1994, 1995, 1999, 2002, 2006, 2008 Alemanha Alemanha Alemanha Alemanha 1961t1 1961t1 1992t1 1971 1994, 1998, 2002, 2005, Bélgica Bélgica Bélgica Bélgica 1961t1 1961t1 1970t1 1970 1971, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007 Dinamarca Dinamarca Dinamarca Dinamarca 1961t1 1968t1 1982t1 1971 1984, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007 Espanha Espanha Espanha Espanha 1961t1 1961t1 1978t1 1995 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008 Finlândia Finlândia Finlândia Finlândia 1961t1 1961t1 1964t1 1975 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007 França França França França 1961t1 1961t1 1978t2 1978 1981, 1986, 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007 Grécia Grécia Grécia Grécia 1961t1 1961t1 1998t2 1988 2000, 2004, 2007 Holanda Holanda Holanda Holanda 1961t1 1961t1 1970t1 1969 1971, 1972, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1989, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2006, Irlanda Irlanda Irlanda Irlanda 1961t1 1977t1 1982t1 1985 1987, 1989, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007 Itália Itália Itália Itália 1961t1 1961t1 1979t2 1980 1983, 1987, 1992, 1996, 2001, 2006 Luxemburgo Luxemburgo Luxemburgo Luxemburgo 1961t1 1961t1 1982t1 1990 1994, 1999, 2004 Portugal Portugal Portugal Portugal 1961t1 1961t1 1983t1 1977 1985, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2002, 2005 Reino Unido Reino Unido Reino Unido Reino Unido 1961t1 1961t1 1971t1 1986 1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005 Suécia Suécia Suécia Suécia 1961t1 1961t1 1970t1 1993 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006

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