Nas sementes de cártamo e girassol o processo de envelhecimento acelerado está intimamente relacionado com o metabolismo antioxidante, como proposto pela Teoria Oxidativa do Envelhecimento. Entretanto, em plantas, as EROs apresentam um importante papel como sinalizadores em diferentes processos celulares, de forma que a depleção desses sistemas oxidativos também apresentaram efeitos fisiológicos deletérios.
O método de envelhecimento acelerado utilizado no presente trabalho constitui-se em um eficiente modelo experimental, tanto para o cártamo quanto para o girassol, pois acarretou o declínio funcional das mesmas. Todavia, as sementes de cártamo se mostraram mais susceptíveis ao envelhecimento. Essa depleção fisiológica nas sementes decorrente do envelhecimento aparenta estar associada, principalmente, ao déficit na absorção de água durante a germinação e a inibição do crescimento da raiz.
O processo de envelhecimento acarretou alterações na atividade e expressão gênica do sistema antioxidante da CAT e APX. O envelhecimento promoveu a depleção do sistema antioxidante da CAT em ambas as espécies e por isso propomos que a mensuração desta atividade pode ser utilizada para a identificação de lotes de sementes envelhecidas. Para compensar esta inibição, o girassol aumentou a expressão do mRNA desta enzima enquanto o cártamo estimulou a atividade da APX. Dessa forma, o girassol parece ser mais dependente da atividade da CAT, o que pode estar relacionado ao elevado consumo de suas reservas lipídicas, evidenciado pela atividade da MLS, e consequente produção de H2O2 no peroxissomo.
O pré-tratamentos com 3-AT e, principalmente, ASC tornaram as sementes de girassol mais susceptíveis ao envelhecimento. Por tanto, a aplicação do ASC em sementes não deve ser utilizada como uma estratégia de prevenção ou melhoria dos sintomas do envelhecimento nesta espécie.
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