All of the detailed calculation from the Chong’s equation (eq.(10)) can be found as an online appendix uploaded as an Excel file “Chong viscosity.xlsx” on:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/jrr4ka671ef6qcj/Chong%20viscosity.xlsx?dl=0
Note that the measured plastic viscosity in this Appendix had been taken from Appendix B.
All the online Appendixes are uploaded in the folder “TKT4925 Concrete Technology Master’s thesis Appendices – Metathip Sihaklang” on:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/2b6ybeshelxa0km/AAB0KqYhQlAyVkCcG64TCbCva?dl=0
Table I 1 The apparent viscosity from all the series calculated by the Chong’s relative viscosity equation (eq.(10))
Viscosity of excess fluid by the Chong’s equation
A-series C-series D-series
1 0.206 1.090 10 0.188 0.840 19 0.244 1.370 1 0.029 0.546 1 0.031 0.509 2 0.214 1.260 11 0.214 1.090 20 0.291 1.880 2 0.046 1.057 2 0.021 0.240 3 0.256 1.400 12 0.261 1.330 21 0.320 3.360 3 0.024 0.275 3 0.016 0.108 4 0.044 0.260 13 0.068 0.250 22 0.099 0.520 4 0.022 0.237 4 0.014 0.068 5 0.140 0.310 14 0.091 0.270 23 0.132 0.600 5 0.022 0.200 5 0.025 0.238 6 0.096 0.384 15 0.110 0.250 24 0.157 0.730 6 0.032 0.333 6 0.021 0.153 7 0.031 0.100 16 0.034 0.070 25 0.047 0.180 7 0.052 1.296 7 0.019 0.106 8 0.037 0.110 17 0.037 0.100 26 0.057 0.230 8 0.046 0.810 8 0.019 0.096 9 0.039 0.120 18 0.041 0.170 27 0.066 0.280 9 0.042 0.487 9 0.017 0.080 10 0.014 0.050
1 0.279 0.717 6 0.462 0.795 11 0.391 0.490 16 0.068 0.134 21 0.106 0.182 2 0.328 0.972 7 0.283 0.532 12 0.466 0.690 17 0.090 0.167 22 0.061 0.104 3 0.357 1.118 8 0.326 0.624 13 0.073 0.174 18 0.121 0.225 23 0.073 0.101 4 0.291 0.619 9 0.444 0.902 14 0.086 0.197 19 0.061 0.115 24 0.100 0.136 5 0.363 0.676 10 0.340 0.559 15 0.124 0.193 20 0.077 0.138
E-series
1 0.178 2.171 10 0.093 0.245 19 0.063 0.372 28 0.076 0.373 37 0.117 0.480 2 0.264 1.157 11 0.060 0.246 20 0.063 0.325 29 0.050 0.286 38 0.132 0.439 3 0.081 0.362 12 0.078 0.173 21 0.065 0.266 30 0.061 0.255 39 0.157 0.363 4 0.085 0.361 13 0.071 0.403 22 0.070 0.184 31 0.060 0.376 44 0.102 1.073 5 0.107 0.169 14 0.074 0.237 23 0.079 0.510 32 0.034 0.406 45 0.139 0.698 6 0.127 0.149 15 0.208 2.300 24 0.080 0.284 33 0.081 0.635 46 0.132 0.396 7 0.069 0.293 16 0.340 1.511 25 0.053 0.363 34 0.086 0.668 47 0.197 0.359 8 0.072 0.209 17 0.051 0.419 26 0.068 0.239 35 0.105 0.811 48 0.169 0.297 9 0.079 0.427 18 0.056 0.216 27 0.067 2.171 36 0.093 0.733
F-series G-series
1 0.083 0.562 3 0.069 0.587 5 0.087 0.336 1 0.177 1.239 4 0.199 1.258 2 0.100 0.679 4 0.072 0.211 6 0.071 0.330 2 0.226 1.274 5 0.209 1.629
3 0.184 1.210
!η !η
= Measured plastic viscosity from the laboratory
= Predicted apparent viscosity by the Chong’s equation
Appendix J: The liquid thicknesses
Note that the LT1 in this Appendix had been calculated by Skare in Appendix B, and the LT2 was calculated before in Appendix F.
Table J 1 The values of LT1 and LT2
LT1 and LT2
A-series C-series D-series
Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix
no. LT1 LT2 1 1.228 0.150 10 1.286 0.162 19 1.159 0.129 1 1.202 0.303 1 1.202 0.348 2 1.178 0.146 11 1.247 0.151 20 1.098 0.114 2 1.082 0.229 2 1.279 0.392 3 1.132 0.132 12 1.210 0.138 21 1.043 0.106 3 1.207 0.338 3 1.331 0.463 4 1.506 0.301 13 1.623 0.323 22 1.375 0.226 4 1.209 0.367 4 1.383 0.536 5 1.451 0.274 14 1.578 0.283 23 1.312 0.189 5 1.211 0.371 5 1.297 0.363 6 1.400 0.243 15 1.535 0.245 24 1.254 0.167 6 1.090 0.286 6 1.395 0.421 7 1.773 0.506 16 1.946 0.522 25 1.586 0.369 7 1.062 0.280 7 1.385 0.459 8 1.714 0.437 17 1.895 0.485 26 1.520 0.316 8 1.066 0.243 8 1.466 0.482 9 1.673 0.426 18 1.860 0.460 27 1.476 0.292 9 1.068 0.256 9 1.457 0.505 10 1.522 0.584 B-series
Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix
no. LT1 LT2 1 1.286 0.142 6 1.210 0.111 11 1.247 0.118 16 1.623 0.336 21 1.535 0.265 2 1.247 0.129 7 1.286 0.139 12 1.210 0.108 17 1.578 0.294 22 1.623 0.367 3 1.210 0.122 8 1.247 0.129 13 1.623 0.316 18 1.535 0.248 23 1.578 0.323 4 1.286 0.137 9 1.210 0.110 14 1.578 0.287 19 1.623 0.351 24 1.535 0.291 5 1.247 0.121 10 1.286 0.132 15 1.535 0.243 20 1.578 0.328
E-series
Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix
no. LT1 LT2 1 0.880 0.119 10 0.382 0.121 19 0.208 0.088 28 0.216 0.086 37 0.193 0.059 2 0.880 0.101 11 0.353 0.130 20 0.215 0.093 29 0.209 0.095 38 0.193 0.056 3 1.130 0.218 12 0.378 0.126 21 0.209 0.083 30 0.215 0.095 39 0.193 0.051 4 1.105 0.206 13 0.350 0.121 22 0.219 0.087 31 0.208 0.090 44 0.275 0.080 5 1.130 0.189 14 0.376 0.131 23 0.208 0.077 32 0.215 0.132 45 0.275 0.070 6 1.105 0.169 15 0.859 0.112 24 0.218 0.081 33 0.340 0.108 46 0.275 0.069 7 0.352 0.121 16 0.859 0.087 25 0.209 0.092 34 0.194 0.069 47 0.275 0.058 8 0.385 0.136 17 0.209 0.096 26 0.217 0.090 35 0.324 0.092 48 0.971 0.131 9 0.350 0.113 18 0.215 0.099 27 0.208 0.084 36 0.193 0.066
F-series G-series
Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix no. LT1 LT2 Mix
no. LT1 LT2 1 1.185 0.223 3 0.358 0.075 5 0.389 0.073 1 1.243 0.163 4 1.230 0.155 2 1.166 0.203 4 0.391 0.079 6 0.382 0.081 2 1.240 0.145 5 1.214 0.147
3 1.237 0.165
(a)
(b)
Figure J 1 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on flow resistance ratio (lQ) from (a) the A-, C-, D- and G-series, and (b) the B-, E- and F-series
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Flow resistance ratio, λQ
Liquid thickness [µm]
A-series LT1 A-series LT2 C-series LT1 C-series LT2
D-series LT1 D-series LT2 G-series LT1 G-series LT2
Log. (A-series LT1) Log. (A-series LT2) Power (C-series LT1) Expon. (C-series LT2) Power (D-series LT1) Power (D-series LT2) Power (G-series LT1) Linear (G-series LT2)
B LT1: y = -0.8849x + 1.9184
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Flow resistance ratio, λQ
Liquid thickness [µm]
B-series LT1 B-series LT2 E-series LT1 E-series LT2
F-series LT1 F-series LT2 Linear (B-series LT1) Expon. (B-series LT2)
Linear (E-series LT1) Power (E-series LT2) Expon. (F-series LT1) Power (F-series LT2)
Figure J 2 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on flow resistance ratio (lQ) from the E- and F-series, with and without silica fume
(a)
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Flow resistance ratio, λQ
Liquid thickness [µm]
E-series LT1 no silica E-series LT2 no silica
F-series LT1 no silica F-series LT2 no silica
E-series only silica LT1 E-series only silica LT2
Log. (E-series LT1 no silica) Log. (E-series LT2 no silica) Linear (F-series LT1 no silica) Linear (F-series LT2 no silica)
A LT1: y = 364.24ln(x) + 93.899
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Average mini slump flow [mm]
Liquid thickness [µm]
A-series LT1 A-series LT2 C-series LT1 C-series LT2
D-series LT1 D-series LT2 G-series LT1 G-series LT2
Log. (A-series LT1) Log. (A-series LT2) Log. (C-series LT1) Linear (C-series LT2)
Log. (D-series LT1) Log. (D-series LT2) Log. (G-series LT1) Linear (G-series LT2)
(b)
Figure J 3 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on average mini slump flow from (a) the A-, C-, D- and G-series, and (b) the B-, E- and F-series
Figure J 4 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on average mini slump flow from the E- and F-series, with and without silica fume
B LT1: y = 365.86ln(x) + 169.37
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Average mini slump flow [mm]
Liquid thickness [µm]
B-series LT1 B-series LT2 E-series LT1 E-series LT2
F-series LT1 F-series LT2 Log. (B-series LT1) Linear (B-series LT2) Log. (E-series LT1) Linear (E-series LT2) Linear (F-series LT1) Log. (F-series LT2)
E LT1 (÷s ) y = 443.37ln(x) + 214.83
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Average mini slump flow [mm]
Liquid thickness [µm]
E-series LT1 no silica E-series LT2 no silica
F-series LT1 no silica F-series LT2 no silica
E-series only silica LT1 E-series only silica LT2
Log. (E-series LT1 no silica) Log. (E-series LT2 no silica) Linear (F-series LT1 no silica) Linear (F-series LT2 no silica)
(a)
(b)
Figure J 5 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on yield stress (t0) from (a) the A-, C-, D- and G-series, and (b) the B-, E- and F-series
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Yield stress, τ[Pa]
Liquid thickness [µm]
A-series LT1 A-series LT2 C-series LT1 C-series LT2
D-series LT1 D-series LT2 G-series LT1 G-series LT2
Power (A-series LT1) Power (A-series LT2) Power (C-series LT1) Expon. (C-series LT2) Power (D-series LT1) Power (D-series LT2) Power (G-series LT1) Expon. (G-series LT2)
B LT1: y = 11.377x-5.61
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Yield stress, τ[Pa]
Liquid thickness [µm]
B-series LT1 B-series LT2 E-series LT1
E-series LT2 F-series LT1 F-series LT2
Power (B-series LT1) Expon. (B-series LT2) Expon. (E-series LT1) Expon. (E-series LT2) Expon. (F-series LT1) Expon. (F-series LT2)
Figure J 6 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on yield stress (t0) from the E- and F-series, with and without silica fume
(a)
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Yield stress, τ[Pa]
Liquid thickness [µm]
E-series LT1 no silica E-series LT2 no silica
F-series LT1 no silica F-series LT2 no silica
E-series only silica LT1 E-series only silica LT2
Log. (E-series LT1 no silica) Linear (E-series LT2 no silica) Linear (F-series LT1 no silica) Linear (F-series LT2 no silica) Linear (E-series only silica LT1) Linear (E-series only silica LT2)
A LT1: y = 3.2356x-5.808
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Plastic viscosity, µ [Pa*s]
Liquid thickness [µm]
A-series LT1 A-series LT2 C-series LT1 C-series LT2
D-series LT1 D-series LT2 G-series LT1 G-series LT2
Power (A-series LT1) Power (A-series LT2) Power (C-series LT1) Expon. (C-series LT2) Power (D-series LT1) Power (D-series LT2) Log. (G-series LT1) Expon. (G-series LT2)
(b)
Figure J 7 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on plastic viscosity (µ) from (a) the A-, C-, D- and G-series, and (b) the B-, E- and F-series
Figure J 8 The relationships of liquid thicknesses (LT1 and LT2) on plastic viscosity (µ) from the E- and F-series, with and without silica fume
B LT1: y = 227.65e-4.635x
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Plastic viscosity, µ [Pa*s]
Liquid thickness [µm]
B-series LT1 B-series LT2 E-series LT1 E-series LT2
F-series LT1 F-series LT2 Expon. (B-series LT1) Power (B-series LT2) Log. (E-series LT1) Expon. (E-series LT2) Linear (F-series LT1) Linear (F-series LT2)
E LT1 (÷s ): y = 0.5197x-7.697
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Plastic viscosity, µ [Pa*s]
Liquid thickness [µm]
E-series LT1 no silica E-series LT2 no silica
F-series LT1 no silica F-series LT2 no silica
E-series only silica LT1 E-series only silica LT2
Power (E-series LT1 no silica) Power (E-series LT2 no silica) Linear (F-series LT1 no silica) Linear (F-series LT2 no silica)
Appendix K Mapei, Dynamon SR-N, superplasticizer
See the next pages (3).
Appendix L Opaque and transparent characteristics of excess fluid
All the details of characteristics of all the series can be found as an online appendix uploaded as an Excel file “Opaque and transparent characteristics of EF.xlsx” on:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/d4vxeb2rx1oh1af/Opaque%20and%20transparent%20characte ristics%20of%20EF.xlsx?dl=0
All the pictures/raw data of each of the mixes can be found in Appendix F.
All the online Appendixes are uploaded in the folder “TKT4925 Concrete Technology Master’s thesis Appendices – Metathip Sihaklang” on:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/2b6ybeshelxa0km/AAB0KqYhQlAyVkCcG64TCbCva?dl=0
Table L 1 Overview of the characteristics of mixes from B-, E- and F-series, with an overview of SP-dosage and pozzolans content for each mix.
Characteristics of EF
Mix no. B-series Mix no. B-series Mix no. B-series Mix no. B-series Mix no. B-series
1 O 6 O 11 O 16 O 21 O
2 O 7 O 12 O 17 O 22 O
3 O 8 O 13 O 18 O 23 O
4 O 9 O 14 O 19 O 24 O
5 O 10 O 15 O 20 O
Mix no. E-series Mix no. E-series Mix no. E-series Mix no. E-series Mix no. E-series
1 T 10 O 19 O* 28 O 37 O
2 O 11 O 20 O 29 O 38 O*
3 O 12 O 21 O* 30 O 39 O
4 T 13 O 22 O 31 O 44 O
5 O 14 O 23 O 32 O 45 O
6 O* 15 O 24 O 33 O 46 O
7 O* 16 O 25 O 34 O 47 O
8 O 17 O 26 O 35 T 48 O
9 O* 18 O* 27 O 36 O*
Mix no. F-series Mix no. F-series Color code
1 O* 4 O Fly ash +
Silica
2 O* 5 O Silica
3 O 6 O Fly ash
O=Opaque T=Transparent O*=Almost transparent
SP!≥1
Fly ash +SP!≥1
SP! 1+Fly ash+Silica≥
Silica +SP!≥1
Appendix M Repeatability of A6, B22, E39 and E47
The full calculations of the repeatability and differences of the maximum packing (fmax), the kinematic viscosity and the dynamic viscosity can be found as an online appendix uploaded on:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/lja4z4pzeskqtih/Repeatability%20of%20A6%20B22%20E39%
20E47.xlsx?dl=0
All the online Appendixes are uploaded in the folder “TKT4925 Concrete Technology Master’s thesis Appendices – Metathip Sihaklang” on:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/2b6ybeshelxa0km/AAB0KqYhQlAyVkCcG64TCbCva?dl=0
Table M 1 The repeatability and differences in maximum packing, kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity of A6, B22, E39 and E47
Series Mix B 22* 0.543 1.406E-06 1.428E+00
0.005 3.4% 3.8%
B test 22* 0.538 1.454E-06 1.482E+00 E 39 0.560 1.310E-06 1.333E+00
0.002 5.5% 5.7%
E test 39 0.558 1.382E-06 1.408E+00 E 47 0.553 1.302E-06 1.340E+00
0.002 6.8% 5.7%
E test 47 0.554 1.390E-06 1.416E+00 A 6 0.551 1.219E-06 1.230E+00
0.003 3.6% 3.4%
A test 6 0.548 1.175E-06 1.188E+00
*The paste of B22 was not well packed after centrifugation
ϕmax difference The
in ϕmax
Metathip Sihaklang NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering Department of Structural Engineering
Mas ter’ s thesis
Metathip Sihaklang
Microproportioning modelling, with measurements of the maximum particle packing in filler-modified cement paste and the viscosity of paste fluid
TKT4925 Concrete Technology, Master's thesis
Master’s thesis in Civil Engineering Supervisor: Stefan Jacobsen
June 2019