Introduction
- Background and motivation
- Presenting the Theme
- Research questions
- Methods and material
- Disposition
I decided to look at how migration has affected the Christian Democratic parties from two perspectives. The first perspective is how immigration has changed the politics of the Christian Democratic parties.
History
A brief summary of German history 1870-1990
By giving the era the name "Third Reich", the Nazis tried to have continuity in German history. It was when Germany began to experience defeats in World War II that ordinary people first saw "real" National Socialism.
The Path to Christian Democracy
- From religion to politics
- Catholic Social Teaching
- German Christian Democracy 1870-1933
- Christian democracy in Germany 1945-2012
- CDU
- CDU Statistics
- Christlich-Soziale Union (CSU)
- The Christian democratic dilemma
Protestantism began to influence the new political movement.9 Catholic social teaching is the theological background of the Christian Democratic movement. One of the most important people in the history of the CSU is Franz Josef Strauss.
Other parties in Germany
- Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD)
- Freie Demokratische Partei (FDP)
- Die Grünen/Bündnis 90
- Die Linke
This shows how the FDP was and still is a party in the middle of the political spectrum in Germany. Die Grüne/Bündis 90 are members of the Greens/European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament.
Christian Democracy in Europe
- Christian democratic parties in Scandinavia
- Christian democratic parties in Benelux
- Christian Democracy on the British islands
- Switzerland and Austria
- Christian Democracy in southern Europe
The Danish Christian Democrats received only 0.8% of the vote in the last election in Denmark in 2011. This results in a different role for Christian Democrats in society and parliament. 71. In the last elections in 2009, they won 38% of the vote and were the largest party in the country.
There are no Christian Democratic parties in the UK, but Labor has a faith group in the party. Enda Kenny was elected as the new leader and the renewal of the party already showed results in the 2007 election.
Migration
Introduction
The growing migration and movement between countries created issues at the international level, which led to an international migration law. This law is an international legal framework that governs migration, and the term covers a variety of rules and principles that regulate the international obligations of states with regard to migrants. This thesis will not discuss if and how different categories affect society in different ways, but rather look at immigration as a whole and the impact that immigration has on society.
Yet it is important to recognize that different types of immigrants bring different types of challenges to society.
Changes in population
If we look at the statistics now, Europe has one-third of the world's immigration, whereas in 1960 this figure represented only one-fifth of the world's immigration. In the 1990s, many people immigrated to Europe due to the fall of the Berlin Wall. The rise of many new countries in the East also caused an increase in immigration to European countries.110.
This explains the noticeable change in people with foreign parents in the middle of the statistics. The pattern of emigration of the young part of the population is not something new, but there have been some changes over the years.
Origin of immigrants
The numbers used in the diagram are from 2011, and only the largest countries of origin are included. Germany has immigrants from other countries as well, but the number of immigrants is so small that it is therefore unnecessary to include them in the diagrams. Without it, the integration in the new country will be even more difficult than it could be.
When you migrate, you have to learn the language of the new country, find a job and a new home. Without sufficient requirements and knowledge base this can be difficult.118 The issue of education and language is discussed in Chapter 7.3 and in the conclusion.
Immigration, Germany and the European Union
To be able to move from one place to another, especially in difficult times, you need to have some economic, mental and physical skills.
Religion and immigration
- Freedom of religion
The construction of mosques and Muslim cemeteries is perhaps the most visible change in German cities. In Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, freedom of religion is stated as: "Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes the freedom to change one's religion or belief and the freedom, alone or in association with others, publicly or privately, to manifest one's religion or belief in. teaching, practice, worship and rituals."125. In Germany, basic religious freedom for individuals was allowed in 1871, and the Weimar Constitution defines individual freedom of religion in Articles 136 and 137.126 During the Second World War, religious freedom was very large. reduced and the constitution adopted after the war showed the need for freedom of religion in the country.
Two types of religious freedom are discussed; Positive religious freedom and negative religious freedom. Positive freedom means the freedom to achieve what one wants in society within and as a member of society.
Integration in society
The lack of facts and documentation on this subject is a consequence of the political attitude towards migration in Germany. Deutschland ist kein Einwanderungsland” (English: “Germany is not an immigration country”) was a well-established opinion in Germany in the late 1970s and 1980s. It is important to look at both parts to fully understand the impact of immigration.
The issues focused on in this chapter have been chosen by looking at the public debate in Germany since the 1990s. At the end of this thesis I will discuss the changes, similarities and whether migration has influenced this issue.
Labor migration
- CDU and labor migration
- The issue of labor migration and immigration laws in other Christian Democratic
The issue of migration for employment reasons was and still is a big issue in Germany in the first decades of the new millennium. Bavarian Economy Minister from the CSU, Emilia Müller, argued that "the first thing is to mobilize the domestic labor potential". 145 A debate on the implementation of the Blue Card directive by the EU was the debate on how high the minimum wage should be, showing big differences between the opposition and the CDU. In the program of the Christian Democrats (KrF), the main issue was the UN and their refugees, and they had only one sentence that included stopping immigration (Norwegian: Innvandringsstopp).
The demographics of labor migration in the Netherlands are different from many other countries in Europe. CDA also focuses on the importance of the future of immigrants in the Netherlands.
Citizenship
- CDU and citizenship laws
- The issue about citizenship in other European Christian Democratic Parties
A win in Hessen means they would get a majority of seats in the Bundesrat. In Norway, the principle of jus sanguinis has been the guiding principle in the citizenship law since 1888. The first major change to the citizenship law was made when KrF was in government and the prime minister was from KrF.
This means that KrF has had an important role in the changes to the law. 165. When Fine Gael was part of the government in 2011, they introduced some changes to the Citizenship Act.
Education
- Debates on the education system from an migration and integration aspect
- The situation today and how has the Christian Democratic parties changed?
In the Neukölln school district in Berlin, 83% of students fall into this category. When the first PISA surveys were conducted in 2001, the weakness of the German education system was revealed. Communication between the school and the immigrant parents is important to achieve good integration of the immigrant students into the educational system.
Both issues are important when considering the school component of immigrant integration. Education in the mother tongue is important and in Norway schools must teach children in the mother tongue if knowledge of the Norwegian language is not sufficient.
Religious symbols
- Religious symbols in Classrooms - crucifix
- Germany
- The issue about crucifixes in other European countries
She focused on the crucifixes in the classroom and asked if they could be removed. Özkan, after a broad debate in the parliamentary group, had accepted and agreed that the crucifixes in the schools are. The issue of crucifixes in schools has not been a significant problem in the Norwegian school.
The Crucifix case at the European Court of Human Rights sparked the debate about the crucifix in schools in Greece. Nowadays, the issue of the crucifix in schools is not at the top of the agenda due to the financial crisis.
Political participation amongst immigrants
- Participation in political parties and organizations
- Elections
- Religions in CDU
- Political participation amongst immigrants in other European Countries
- Norway
- Sweden
- Ireland
- Greece
The percentages of 'native Germans' who participate in politics are much higher than the percentage of people with an immigrant background. Governments in the original countries tend to use these associations to influence the development of religion in Germany. In the 2003 elections, 92 of the 11,138 members of Norway's municipal councils had a non-European background; of these members, only one came from KrF.
In the county of Jämtland, 6% of the population was born outside Sweden, but this number on the list of KD is 11%. In the local elections in 2004, none of the six political parties had any candidates.
Conclusion
I was surprised to see that so few countries had immigration laws in the mid-1990s. Another way to study the impact is to look at the internal changes within the parties. What will happen to the Christian values in the Christian Democratic parties in this new secularized and multicultural continent?
I would like to say that the Christian values in the Christian Democratic parties can be an advantage in allowing religious immigrants to vote and join these parties. I hope that this thesis has contributed to research in this area and that this question will receive more attention in the future.
Literature
Christian Democratic Parties in Western Europe, status and Prospects, Grabow, Karsten (ed.), Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2011 http://www.kas.de/wf/en/33.30827/. Spain's Experience with Immigration and Integration, Arargo Joaquin, Migration Policy Institute http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/TCM- Spaincasestudy.pdf. Switzerland: Contested Citizenship Attribution in a Federal State, University of Zurich, Marc Helbling Http://www.ucd.ie/norface/papers/maa_helbling.pdf.
Http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/moving_country/irish_citizenship/becoming_an_irish_c itizen_through_naturalisation.html.
