ANNEXES
IN NORTHERN EUROPE
... 5 Annex to chapter 7a ... 34 Annex to chapter 7b ... 44
SHP FILES OF MAPS ON CD:
• WH_shape
MAPS ON CD:
• 1_Thingvellir_overview
• 1_Thingvellir_detail
• 2_Jelling
• 3_Trelleborg_fortresses
• 3-1_Aggersborg
• 3-2_Fyrkat
• 3-3_Trelleborg
• 4_Hedeby-Danevirke
• 4_Hedeby_1_2
• 4_Hedeby_3
• 4_Hedeby_4_13_14_15
• 4_Hedeby_5_6_7_8_9
• 4_Hedeby_10_11_12
• 4_Hedeby_16_17_18
• 4_Hedeby_19
• 4_Hedeby_20_21_22
• 5_Grobina
• 6_1_Borre
• 6_2_Oseberg
• 6_3_Gokstad
• 7_Hyllestad
• 7_Hyllestad detail
WHS
NO NAME OF
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
OF PROPERTY TYPE OF
PROPERTY ICOMOS’ CHRONO-
LOGICAL PERIOD STATES PARTY
3 Aachen
Cathedral
A palatine chapel dating from the late 8th century under the
ruler of Charlemagne.
Extended in the High and Late Middle Ages.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
29 Historic Centre of
Kraków
Historic town from the 13th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns
and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Poland
58 Urnes Stave
Church Wooden church built in the 12th and 13th centuries.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Norway
59 Bryggen Old wharf of Bergen built
during the 14th – 16th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
80 Mont-Saint- Michel and its
Bay
A Gothic-style Benedictine abbey built in the 11th – 16th
century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
81 Chartres
Cathedral A Gothic cathedral built in the 12th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
84 Vézelay, Church and
Hill
Benedictine abbey founded in the 9th century with 12th century monastic church.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
b. Vikings and
Normans France
160 Palace and Park of Fontainebleau
Royal Medieval hunting lodge
used from the 12th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
WHS NO
NAME OF PROPERTY
DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
TYPE OF PROPERTY
ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD
STATES PARTY
162 Amiens
Cathedral Gothic church of the 13th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
165 Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay
Burgundian monastery founded by St Bernard in AD
1119.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
168 Speyer
Cathedral Romanesque cathedral from the 11th and 12th centuries.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
187
St Mary’s Cathedral and
St Michael’s Church at Hildesheim
Ottonian Romanesque church built in the early 11th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
228
Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal
Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge
14th century seat of the papacy. Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
230 Abbey Church of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe
Romanesque cathedral from the 11th and 12th centuries.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
267 Old City of
Berne City built between the 12th and the 16th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages
15th and 16th centuries c. Western and Central Europe
Switzer- land
268 Abbey of St Gall
The Convent of St Gall is a Carolingian monastery, dating
from the 8th century.
It remained in use until secularisation in 1805.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious Property
Western and Northern Europe
a. Early Middle Ages
Switzer- land
269 Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair
Christian monastic renovation from the Carolingian era.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages
Switzer- land
272 Hanseatic City of Lübeck
A major trading centre in Europe from the 12th – 16th
century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
292 Cologne
Cathedral
Gothic cathedral built in stages between the 13th and late 19th
centuries.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
19th century
Germany
345 Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne
Medieval fortified town from the 13th and 14th centuries of particular importance due to Viollet-le-Duc 19th century
restorations.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages and Europe from the French Revolution to
the First World War b. Liberalism and
Nationalism
France
370 Durham Castle and Cathedral
Norman architecture dating from the 11th and early 12th
century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
United Kingdom of Great Britain
and North- ern Ireland
372
Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey
Ruins of the 12th century Cistercian Fountains Abbey and Fountains Hall Castle and 18th century landscaping of the
park.
Religious property and Cultural Landscapes, Parks
and Gardens
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages and 17th to 18th
centuries c. Northern Europe
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
374
Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in
Gwynedd
Military architecture from the time of King Edward I
(1272-1307). Military properties
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
WHS NO
NAME OF PROPERTY
DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
TYPE OF PROPERTY
ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD
STATES PARTY
400
Budapest, includ- ing the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle
Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
Historic city centre with buildings including buildings
dating from the Middle Ages.
Historic city cen- tre with buildings including buildings
dating from the Middle Ages.
From Roman Empire via High and Late Middle Ages to the
20th century
Hungary
426
Palace of Westminster and
Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s
Church
Gothic churches from the 11th century and neo-gothic palace from the 19th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages and Europe from the French Revolution to
the First World War b. Liberalism and
Nationalism
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
428 City of Bath
City first developed in Roman times, a centre for wool industry in the Middle Ages
and a spa city from the 18th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
From Roman Empire to 19th century
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
488 Tower of London Norman military architecture and Medieval fortress castle
from the 11th – 16th century. Military properties
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
495 Strasbourg – Grande île
Evolution from a Medieval town centre from the
12th – 18th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
18th century
France
496
Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine’s Abbey, and St Martin’s Church
A series of the development of early Christian monuments
of England dating from the 6th – 12th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
515 Abbey and Al- tenmünster of
Lorsch
Architectural vestiges of the Carolingian era.
Religious property Historic buildings
and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germanu
541 Vilnius Historic Centre
Political centre of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the
13th to the end of the 18th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
18th century
Lithunaia
546 Maulbronn Mon-astery Complex
Medieval monastic complex with buildings from the
12th – 16th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
600 Paris, Banks of the Seine
Buildings along the river Seine – some from the Medieval
period.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
20th century
France
601
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of
Saint-Rémi and Palace of Tau,
Reims
Gothic cathedral from the 13th century with former construc-
tion elements from the 9th century surviving.
Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
616 Historic Centre of Prague
Historic city centre with con- centration of buildings from the 14th century Holy Roman
Empire.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Czech Republic
617 Historic Centre of Český Krum-
lov
Historic city centre with con- centration of buildings from the 13th century Holy Roman
Empire.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Czech Republic
620
Levoča, Spišský Hrad and the Associated Cul- tural Monuments
Military, political and religious buildings from the 13th and
14th centuries.
Military properties Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Slovakia
WHS NO
NAME OF PROPERTY
DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
TYPE OF PROPERTY
ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD
STATES PARTY
621 Historic Centre of Telč
Historic centre which build- ings date from the 14th and 15th
centuries.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Czech Republic
623
Mines of Rammelsberg, Historic Town of
Goslar and Upper Harz Water Manage-
ment System
Mining town flourishing from the 11th century to the
1980s.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-
ical properties
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the
20th century
Germany
624 Town of
Bamberg Medieval town dating from the 11th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Germany
635 Bourges
Cathedral Gothic cathedral from the 12th and 13th centuries.
Religious property Historic buildings
and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
France
695 Roskilde Cathedral
First Gothic cathedral in Scan- dinavia dating from the 12th
and 13th centuries.
Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Denmark
596
Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania
Cultural landscape of historic villages dating back to the 13th
– 16th century.
Cultural landscape Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Romania
699
City of Luxem- bourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications
Historic town with buildings and structures dating back to
the 12th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the
19th century
Luxem- bourg
728 Old and New Towns of Edinburgh
Historic town with a street pattern dating back the Middle
Ages.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
19th century
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
731 Hanseatic Town
of Visby Hanseatic town dating back to the 12th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Northern Europe c. High and Late
Middle Ages Sweden
732
Kutná Hora:
Historical Town Centre with the Church of St Barbara and the Cathedral of Our
Lady at Sedlec
Town centre with buildings dating to the 14th – 16th
century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Czech Republic
757 Sceilg Mhichíl A monastic complex on the island of Skellig Michael dat-
ing from the 7th century.
Group of buildings Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
a. Early Middle Ages Ireland
758
Millenary Bene- dictine Abbey of Pannonhalma
and its Natural Environment
Historic, religious buildings dating from the 13th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Ungary
762 Church Village of Gammelstad,
Luleå
Church town from the 14th century and .
Religious property Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Sweden
764 Historic Centre of the City of
Salzburg
Town developing from the Middle Ages to the 19th cen-
tury.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and N orthern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the
19th century
Austria
806
Hall- statt-Dachstein/
Salzkammergut Cultural Land-
scape
A cultural landscape based the mining of salt from the 2nd millennium BC to the 20th
century.
Cultural landscape From early evolution of man to the 20th
century Europe Austria
818 Mill Network at Kinderdi-
jk-Elshout
Mill system which partly dates
back to the 11th century. Cultural landscape
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the
20th century
Nether- lands
WHS NO
NAME OF PROPERTY
DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
TYPE OF PROPERTY
ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD
STATES PARTY
822 Historic Centre (Old Town) of
Tallinn
City centre dating back to the 13th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Estonia
835 Medieval Town of Toruń
Historic town which includes buildings from the 13th – 15th
century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Poland
847 Castle of the Teutonic Order
in Malbork
13th century fortified monastery with Medieval
castle.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late
Middle Ages
Poland
852 Historic Centre of Riga
City centre dating back to the 13th and 15th centuries and renowned for its 19th century
Jugendstil.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages Europe from the French Revolution to
the First World War b. Liberalism and
nationalism
Latvia
855 Flemish
Béguinages
Churches and buildings associated with the Flemish Béguinages dating from the
13th century.
Religious property Historic buildings
and ensemble
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Belgium
868
Routes of Santiago de Compostela in
France
Pilgrim route with buildings dating back to 10th and 11th
centuries.
Cultural routes Historic buildings
and ensemble Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
873 Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs
Medieval town hosting Medieval fairs from the
11th – 14th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
884
Three Castles, Defensive Wall and Ramparts of the Market-Town
of Bellinzona
Late Medieval defensive
structure. Military properties
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Switzer- land
897 Wartburg Castle Castle whose construction
dates back to the 11th century. Historic buildings and ensemble
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
902 Historic Centre of Sighişoara
Small Medieval town founded by the Saxons of Transylvania
in the 13th
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Romania
931
City of Graz – Historic Centre
and Schloss Eggenberg
Historic city centre with listed buildings from the Middle
Ages to the 18th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
18th century
Austria
932 Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion
Historic vineyard dating back to the Romans, with intensified
use from the Medieval period.
Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-
ical properties
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
933
The Loire Valley between Sully-
sur-Loire and Chalonnes
Cultural landscape with histor- ic towns, villages and cultivated
land, some of which date from the Middle Ages.
Cultural landscape Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-
ical properties
From the Roman period to the 20th
century France
943 Belfries of Bel-
gium and France Belfries dating from the
11th – 17th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
17th century
Belgium Franceand
973 Bardejov Town Conservation
Reserve
Historic town dating from the 12th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages to the
17th century
Slovakia
974 Monastic Island of Reichenau
The traces of the Benedictine monastery, founded in AD 724
and with a series of churches built between the 9th and 11th
centuries.
Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
a. Early Middle Ages Germany
WHS NO
NAME OF PROPERTY
DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
TYPE OF PROPERTY
ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD
STATES PARTY
996 Historic Centre
of Brugge Medieval city centre dominat- ed by Gothic architecture.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Belgium
1009 Notre-Dame Cathedral in
Tournai
Cathedral from the 12th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Belgium
1053 Wooden Church- es of Southern
Małopolska
Churches dating back to the 15th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Poland
1066 Upper Middle Rhine Valley
Cultural landscape which includes buildings from the
Middle Ages. Cultural landscapes From Roman period
to 19th century Germany
1067 Historic Centres of Stralsund and
Wismar
Historic town centres dating from the 13th – 15th century and
the 17th and 18th centuries.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
17th and 18th centuries b. Northern Europe
Germany
1078 Jewish Quarter and St Procopius’
Basilica in Třebíč
Western European style buildings dating from the 14th
century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Czech Republic
1087
Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of
Bremen
Town hall from the 15th
century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Town Hall and Roland on the Mar-
ketplace of Bremen Germany
1137
Kernavė Ar- chaeological Site (Cultural Reserve
of Kernavė)
Traces of settlement from dat- ing from the 9th and 8th cen- turies BC to the 20th century
AD.
Cultural landscape From Early Evolu- tion of man to 20th
century Europe Lithuania
1153
The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean
agro-pastoral Cultural Land-
scape
Cultural landscape including
remains from the 11th century. Cultural landscape
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
1155 Old town of Regensburg with
Stadtamhof
Medieval town from the 11th century with roots back to the
9th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe
c. High and Late Middle Ages
Germany
1337 Episcopal City of Albi
Medieval city with remains dating back to the 10th and
11th centuries.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages
c. High and Late Middle Ages
France
604
Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings
Historic buildings from the
11th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federation
632
Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the
Solovetsky Islands
Historic buildings dating including buildings associated with the 15th century monastic
activities.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and
Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federation
633
White Monuments of
Vladimir and Suzdal
Buildings from the 12th and
13th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and
Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federation
724 Medieval Monuments in
Kosovo
Byzantine-Romanesque ecclesiastical monuments from
the 13th – 17th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe d. Ottoman Empire; Balkans;
Great Serbia;
Bulgarian empire;
(Serbia, Bosnia, Her- zegovina, Bulgaria,
Hungary)
Serbia WHS
NO NAME OF
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
OF PROPERTY TYPE OF
PROPERTY ICOMOS’ CHRONO-
LOGICAL PERIOD STATES PARTY
474 Hortobágy National Park –
the Puszta
Pastoral landscape used for two millennia, including the
Middle Ages.
Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial and tech- nological properties
From the Bronze Age via the Middle Ages
to 20th century Hungary
527
Kiev: Saint-So- phia Cathedral and Related Monastic Build- ings, Kiev-Pech-
ersk Lavra
Cathedral dating back to the 11th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Ukraine
545 Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow
Historic buildings parts of which date back to the 14th
century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federation
NO PROPERTY OF PROPERTY PROPERTY LOGICAL PERIOD PARTY
865 L’viv – the Ensemble of the
Historic Centre
History city centre dating back to the 13th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and
Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine
Ukraine
960
Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat
Valley
Armenian monastery dating back to the 12th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Eastern Medieval
Europe Armenia
1070
Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress
Buildings of Derbent
Historic city with fabric partly dating back to the Middle
Ages.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
From the Early Man via Eastern Medieval
Europe c. Golden Horde;
Khanates; to the 20th century
Russian Federation
1411
The ancient city of Tauric Cher-
sonese and its Chora
Historic town dating from the 5th century BC to the 14th
century AD.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and
Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine
Ukraine
474 Hortobágy Na- tional Park – the
Puszta
Pastoral landscape used for two millennia, including the Mid-
dle Ages.
Cultural landscape Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-
ical properties
From the Bronze Age via the Middle Ages
to 20th century Hungary
527
Kiev: Saint-So- phia Cathedral and Related Monastic Build- ings, Kiev-Pech-
ersk Lavra
Cathedral dating back to the 11th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Ukraine
545 Kremlin and Red Square,
Moscow
Historic buildings parts of which date back to the 14th
century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federa-
tion
604
Historic Mon- uments of Novgorod and
Surroundings
Historic buildings from the
11th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federa-
tion
632
Cultural and Historic En- semble of the Solovetsky Is-
lands
Historic buildings dating in- cluding buildings associated with the 15th century monastic
activities.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federa-
tion
633 White Monu- ments of Vladi- mir and Suzdal
Buildings from the 12th and
13th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Russian Federa-
tion
724 Medieval Monu- ments in Kosovo
Byzantine-Romanesque eccle- siastical monuments from the
13th – 17th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Eastern Medieval Europe d. Ottoman Em- pire; Balkans; Great
Serbia; Bulgarian empire;
(Serbia, Bosnia, Her- zegovina, Bulgaria,
Hungary)
Serbia WHS
NO
NAME OF PROPERTY
DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
TYPE OF PROPERTY
ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD
STATES PARTY
865 L’viv – the En- semble of the Historic Centre
History city centre dating back to the 13th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Ukraine
960
Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat
Valley
Armenian monastery dating back to the 12th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Eastern Medieval
Europe Armenia
1070
Citadel, Ancient City and For- tress Buildings
of Derbent
Historic city with fabric partly dating back to the Middle
Ages.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
From the Early Man via Eastern Medieval
Europe c. Golden Horde;
Khanates; to the 20th century
Russian Federa-
tion
1411
The ancient city of Tauric Cher-
sonese and its Chora
Historic town dating from the 5th century BC to the 14th cen-
tury AD.
Urban and rural settlements/historic
towns and villages
Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th
cent.); Ukraine
Ukraine
STATE PARTY
TENTATIVE
LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-
ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY
Andorra 1269 Eglises romanes
d’Andorre Churches from the 11th and 12th centuries.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles Andorra 1268 Ensemble historique de
Santa Coloma
Historic architectural com- plex which includes church- es from the 6th – 8th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Armenia 14
The monasteries of Tatev and Tatevi Anapat and the adjacent areas of the
Vorotan Valley
Buildings and monasteries from the 9th – 13th and 17th
centuries.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Austria 28 Abbey of Kremsmünster Abbey and monastery from the 8th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles Austria 32 Cathedral of Gurk Cathedral from the 12th-17th
century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles Austria 19 Cultural Landscape of
“Innsbruck-Nordkette/
Karwendel”
Historic town founded in the Late Medieval period.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages Austria 5801 Hall in Tyrol – The Min Historic city centre with
buildings dating back to the 15th and 16th centuries.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages Austria 30 Heiligenkreuz Abbey Monastic complex contin-
uously used since the 12th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles Austria 31 Hochosterwitz Castle Medieval Caste. Military properties
Belarus 1894 Kamyanets Tower Defence structures from the
13th century. Military properties
Belarus 1893
Saviour Transfiguration Church and St. Sophia Cathedral in the town of
Polatsk
Historic town and church dating from the 10th – 13th
century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages Religious property
Belarus 1895 SS. Boris and Gleb (Ka- lozha) Church in the city
of Hrodna
Church dating from the 11th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Belgium 5361 Le palais de Princes Evêques de Liège
Episcopal palace and related buildings from the late 10th
– 11th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Belgium 856
Le noyau historique médiéval ou la ‘Cuve’ de Gand, et les deux abbayes
qui sont à son origine
A series of buildings dating
from the 7th – 20th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Belgium 1712
Leuven/Louvain, bâ- timents universitaires, l’héritage de six siècles au
sein du centre historique
Historic centre including buildings from the 12th –
15th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Bosnia and Her-
zegonvia 2098 The natural and architec-
tural ensemble of Jajce Includes a fortress from the
Medieval period. Historic buildings and ensembles
Bosnia and Her- zegonvia Serbia Monte- negro Croatia
5607 Stećaks - Mediaeval Tombstones
Transnational serial property of monolithic tombstones from the 12th – 16th century.
Religious property
Bosnia and Her-
zegonvia 5092 The historic urban site of Počitelj
Medieval administrative including fort and close by
settlements from the 14th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Bosnia and Her-
zegonvia 5280 The natural and architec-
tural ensemble of Blagaj Settlements dating back to the 15th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages PARTY LIST NUMBER SITE NAME
ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY
Bosnia and Her-
zegonvia 5281 The natural and architec- tural ensemble of Blidinje
Late Medieval religious architecture including tombs
from the 14th and 15th centuries.
Religious property Burial monuments and
sites
Bosnia and Her-
zegonvia 5282 The natural and architec- tural ensemble of Stolac
Archaeological and archi- tectural sites stretching from
the Palaeolithic to the 19th century.
Archaeological heritage Historic buildings and
ensembles
Bulgaria 1948 The Ancient Plovdiv
Ancient transport corridor which use stretches from the Palaeolithic to the 19th
century.
Cultural landscape Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Bulgaria 47 The ancient town of Nicopolis ad Istrum
Necropolis from the 2nd century with a Medieval settlement (10th – 14th cen-
tury) on top.
Burial monuments and sites
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Bulgaria 49 The Bachkovo Monastery Monastery dating back to
the 11th and 12th centuries. Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Bulgaria 50 The town of Melnik and the Rozhen Monastery
Town and monastery Some remains dating back to the
13th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages Religious property
Croatia 5104 City of Motovun
Historic city dating back to the 12th century with build-
ings from the 13th – 18th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Croatia 2015 Diocletian’s Palace and the Historical Nucleus of
Split (extension)
Aqueduct dating back to the 11th century
Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-
erties
Croatia 160
Historical-town planning ensemble of Ston with Mali Ston, connecting walls, the Mali Ston Bay
nature reserve, Stonsko Polje and the salt pans
Historic town with built heritage from the Medieval
period.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages STATE
PARTY
TENTATIVE
LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-
ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY
Croatia 2017 Lubenice A fortified urban settlement which includes a series of
Medieval churches.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Croatia 5102 Primošten Vineyards Vineyards where production started in the 12th and 13th
centuries.
Agricultural, industrial and technological
properties
Croatia 162 Varazdin - Historic Nu- cleus and Old Town (the
Castle)
Historic town with con- structional features dating
back to the 12th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Croatia 157 Zadar - Episcopal com-
plex Roman and Medieval archi- tectural complex.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Cyprus 1875
Agia Paraskevi at Geroskipou (Five-domed
churches) Churches from c. AD 1100. Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Czech
republic 5691
Paysage culturel minier des Monts Métallifères
(Erzgebirge)
Cultural landscape related to silver mining dating back to
the 12th century.
Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial
and technological properties
Czech
republic 1509 Fishpond Network in the Trebon Basin
Town associated with the fishpond network dating
back to the 14th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages Agricultural, industrial
and technological properties
Czech
republic 5775 Mining Cultural Land- scape Erzgebirge/
Krušnohoří
Cultural landscape related to mining and metallurgy stretching from the 12th –
20th century.
Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial
and technological properties
Czech
republic 1559
Sites of Great Moravia:
Slavonic Fortified Set- tlement at Mikulcice - Church of St.Margaret at
Kopčani
Fortified settlement dating back to the 9th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic towns
and villages Religious property
Czech
republic 1564 The Karlstejn Castle 14th century castle. Historic buildings and ensembles
Czech
republic 5378 The West Bohemian Spa Triangle
Transboundary serial prop- erty of spas, one spa dates back to the Medieval period.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Czech
republic 5153 Žatec – the Hops Town Historic town dating back
to the Medieval period. Historic buildings and ensembles
Denmark 1781
Church ruin at Hvalsø, episcopal residence at Garðar, and Brattahlid (A Norse/Eskimo cultural
landscape)
Property related to the Norse-Eskimo interaction
in Greenland.
Cultural landscape Archaeological heritage
Estonia 1716 Kuressaare Fortress Castle from the 14th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Germany 1369
The Naumburg Cathedral and the landscape of the rivers Saale and Unstrut an important dominion in
the High Middle Ages
Cathedral from the 13th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Germany 1366 Westwork and Civitas Corvey
Monastic complex dating back to the 9th century with
later extensions form the 12th – 18th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property
Greece 1791
The Area of the Prespes Lakes: Megali and Mikri
Prespa which includes Byzantine and post- Byzantine monuments
Area with buildings from the 8th – 14th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Hungary 227 Le Château-fort médiéval
d’Esztergom No description provided by
State Party. Military properties?
Hungary 1497 Mediaeval Royal Seat and Parkland at Visegrád
Royal hunting area from the 11th century, and buildings from the 13th – 15th century.
Cultural landscapes, parks and gardens STATE
PARTY
TENTATIVE
LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-
ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY
Hungary 1498
System of Fortifications at the Confluence of the Rivers Danube and Váh in Komárno – Komárom
Fortification system stretch- ing from the 1st- to the 19th century, includes town from
the Medieval period. Military properties
Hungary 280 The Tihany Peninsula
A peninsula closely associ- ated with the Benedictine Order including churches
from the Medieval period. Religious property
Hungary 1501 The Wooden Churches of the Northern Part of the
Carpathian Basin
First wooden church built in
the late 11th – 17th century. Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Ireland 5527 Early Medieval Monastic Sites
Six monastic sites dated to the 6th and 7th centuries,
derived their unique set- tlement patterns from the major sites of pre-Christian
Celtic Ireland.
Religious property His- toric buildings and en-
sembles
Ireland 5526 The Monastic City of Clonmacnoise and its Cultural Landscape
Architectural ensemble of an insular monastic city dating from the 6th century,
growing in importance in the 9th century.
Religious property Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Ireland 5528
The Royal Sites of Ire- land: Cashel, Dún Ail- inne, Hill of Uisneach, Rathcroghan Complex,
and Tara Complex
Major royal sites for in- auguration, ceremony and assembly. Link to the trans- formation of Ireland from paganism to Christianity.
Archaeological heritage
Ireland 5525 Western Stone Forts Early Medieval ring-fort settlements from AD
700-1000. Archaeological heritage
Italy 5565 Arab-Norman Paler- mo and the cathedral churches of Cefalù’ and
Monreale
Collection of monuments with decorative elements such as mosaics, paintings and sculptures from the 10th
and 11th centuries.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Italy 2031
Cascata delle Marmore and Valnerina: Monastic sites and ancient hydro-
geological reclamation works
Remains dating back to the early 6th century and includes buildings from the
13th – 17th century.
Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-
erties Religious property
Italy 1150 Cattolica Monastery in Stilo and Basilian-Byzan-
tine complexes
Religious buildings dating from the 6th – 12th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Italy 1154 Fortress Town
of Palmanova Fortress from late 15th
century. Military properties
Italy 340 Historic Centre of Lucca
City centre with remains from the Roman periods, including buildings from the
12th – 15th century, continu- ing to the 19th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Italy 1148 Historic Centre of Parma City centre with Roman origin, includes buildings from the 11th – 15th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Italy 327 Historic centre of Pavia and Chartreuse
Historic city dating back to the 5th century BC, including buildings from
the 12th – 15th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Italy 1161 Monte Sant’ Angelo and the Via Sacra Langobar-
dorum
Langobardian shrine dating
back to 7th century. Religious property
Italy 344 Orvieto Fortress and settlement
from the 10th – 14th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages Italy 1160 Romanesque Cathedrals
in Puglia Cathedrals from the 11th – 13th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Italy 1149 Salento and the “Barocco Leccese”
Cultural landscape including churches and stately homes,
castles and watchtowers from the 11th and 15th
centuries.
Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial
and technological properties STATE
PARTY
TENTATIVE
LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-
ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY
Italy 1153 Scrovegni’s Chapel 14th century chapel. Religious property Urban and rural settlements/historic towns
and villages
Italy 1164 Taormina and Isola Bella
City centre dating back to 358 BC, including buildings
from the 14th and 15th cen- turies.
Urban and rural settlements/historic towns
and villages
Italy 311 The city of Bergamo History city dating back to 223 BC, has buildings from
the 12th – 15th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic towns
and villages
Italy 5010 The Porticoes of Bologna City walls dating back to the 13th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles Military properties
Italy 5566
The Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdob- biadene. (Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e
Valdobbiadene
Settlement dating back to the 11th – 16th century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic towns
and villages
Italy 5005 The Transhumance: The Royal Shepherd’s Track
Shepherd’s track used for a millennia, becoming increas- ingly economically import-
ant in the 15th century.
Cultural routes
Italy 5006 Volterra: Historical City and Cultural Landscape
Historic city dating back to the 6th century, including buildings from the 5th – 15th
century.
Urban and rural settlements/historic towns
and villages
Latvia 5610 Meanders of the Upper Daugava
Cultural landscape with archaeological remains from
the 10th and 11th centuries. Cultural landscape
Lithuania 1821 Trakai Historical Nation- al Park
An historical park which includes remains from the 13th and 14th centuries, when it was the last pagan state of
Europe.
Military property
Luxem-
bourg 412 La ville et le château de Vianden
Carolingian town dating back to the 8th and 9th cen-
turies.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Malta 981 Cittadella (Victoria - Gozo)
Citadel dating back to the Bronze Age, includes re- mains from the Medieval
period.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Malta 1113 Maltese Catacomb Com-
plexes Includes catacombs from the
3rd – 7th century. Burial monuments and sites
Monte-
negro 5561 Cetinje Historic Core Historic centre dating back to the late 15th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Monte-
negro 5563 Doclea Roman city, with a revival in
the 9th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Monte-
negro 5562 Old Town of Bar Abandoned historic town with remains from the 10th –
19th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Poland 530 Gdansk - Town of Mem- ory and Freedom
Historic town which include buildings from the Medieval
period.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Poland 5498
Royal Salt Mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia (extension to the Wiel-
iczka Salt Mine)
Displays the development of the salt mining industry from the 13th – 20th century.
Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-
erties
Portugal 1498 Town of Marvao and the craggy mountain on
which it is located
Historic town dating back to the 9th century
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Romania 545 byzantines et post-byzan-
tines de Curtea de Arges Churches from the 14th to the 16th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Romania 549 L’ensemble rupestre de
Basarabi Monastic complex from the 10th – 12th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles STATE
PARTY
TENTATIVE
LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-
ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY
Romania 544 Le Monastère de Neamt Late 15th century monastery. Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Romania 1929
The Historic Centre of Sibiu and its Ensemble of
Squares Buildings from the 15th – 19th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles Russia 1638 Great Pskov Architectural fortifications
from the 13th – 18th century. Military properties Russia 1110 The Bolgar historical-ar-
chitectural complex
Historic buildings from the
13th – 15th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Serbia 5539 Caričin Grad – Iustiniana Prima, archaeological site
Archaeological site of the town of Iustiniana Prima
from the 6th century. Archaeological heritage Serbia 5536 Fortified Manasija Mon-
astery Monastery dating from the 14th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Religious property
Serbia 5540 Historical place of Bač and its Surroundings
Historic buildings, including fort, monastery from the
12th – 15th century.
Historic buildings and ensembles
Religious property Serbia 5538 Smederevo Fortress Late 15th century fortress. Military properties
Slovakia 1735
Extension of the location of Spišský hrad and its associated cultural mon- uments with Levoča and the work of Master Paul
in Spiš
Historic buildings from the
13th –15th century. Historic buildings and ensembles
Slovakia 580 Gemer and Abov church- es with the Medieval wall
paintings
Churches from the 14th and
the 15th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles
Religious property
Slovakia 1739 Natural and Cultural Landscape of Danube
Region
Cultural landscape with including settlements sites and buildings from the 8th –
15th century. Cultural landscape
Slovakia 5093
Sites of Great Moravia:
Slavonic Fortified Set- tlement at Mikulčice – Church of St. Margaret at
Kopčany
Church dating back to the 9th century and an archaeo- logical territory with graves
from the 9th – 18th century.
Religious property Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages
Slovakia 1733
System of Fortifications at the Confluence of the Rivers Danube and Váh in Komárno – Komárom
A fortress that date back to the 13th century and devel-
oping until the 19th century. Military properties
Slovakia 1734 The concept of the lentic- ular historical town core
of Košice City
Historic town from the 13th
century. Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages Spain 5135 Loarre Castle Castle dating back to the
11th and 12th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles
Spain 5128 Mesta Livestock trails Livestock trails dating back to the 13th century.
Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-
erties
Spain 5133
The Northern or Primi- tive Route (extension of the Route of Santiago de
Compostella)
Pilgrimage route. Cultural route
Spain 1228 The Ribeira Sacra, Lugo and Orense
A collection of Medieval
churches and monasteries. Religious properties Historic buildings and
ensembles
Ukraine 670 Cultural Landscape of Canyon in Kamenets-Po-
dilsk (#)
Castle and Historic centre of Kamenets –Podolsk, 11th
– 18th century. Cultural landscape
Ukraine 5773 Cultural Landscape of
“Cave Towns” of the Crimean Gothia
“Cave towns” of which some date from the 6th – 15th cen-
tury. Cultural landscape
Ukraine 668 Historic Centre of Tch-
ernigov Historic centre dating from the 9th – 13th century.
Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and
villages STATE
PARTY
TENTATIVE
LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-
ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY
Ukraine 5423
Kyiv: Saint Sophia Ca- thedral with Related Monastic Buildings, St.
Cyril’s and St. Andrew’s Churches, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (extension of Kiev:
Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kiev-Pechersk
Lavra)
One of the churches dates back to the 12th century.
Churches from the 12th – 19th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
Ukraine 5575
Trading Posts and For- tifications on Genoese Trade Routes. From the
Mediterranean to the Black Sea
Trading post and fortifica- tions from the 13th – 15th century associated with the
Genoese trade routes. Cultural routes
United Kingdom
of Great Brit- ain and Northern
Ireland
5681 The Twin Monastery of
Wearmouth Jarrow Monastery dating from the 7th century.
Religious property Historic buildings and
ensembles
STATE PARTY BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Bremen-Mahndorf Germany
Excavated Saxon settlement and cemetery from the 4th – 9th century AD.
Sunken-floored huts and other buildings, valuable imports from the Frankish Empire and England. Possible Frisian trading place. Built over and destroyed by sand extraction.
Dankirke Denmark Danish settlement near Ribe from the 3rd century BC – 6th century AD, Fri- sian contact point with Danes; some houses, a hall building and finds typical of market places, such as valuable imports, were excavated
Dorestad The Nether- lands
Site inhabited from AD 675 AD onwards. After repeated raiding and destruc- tion by Vikings, it was deserted and activities moved to Tiel, Deventer and Zutphen. Its layout is only partially known but very structured along the river.
As a mint, it produced a large quantity of Frisian coins for long-distance trade from the mid 6th century. Situated in Frisian territory but most likely con- trolled by the Frankish kings. First permanent trading place based on models from England and the Frankish domain. Built over and destroyed by the river.
Deventer and
Zutphen The Nether- lands
Proto-urban settlements with central functions for trade and religion (De- venter) and military and administration (Zutphen). Early inhabited areas de- veloped from the 9th century. Ramparts from c. AD 882. Elaborate multi-sto- rey houses in Deventer from the late 10th century. Largely Frankish dominated.
Built over by the modern town.
Domburg The Nether-
lands Settlement site with numerous graves and houses from the 7th – 9th century on the former island of Walcheren. Possibly a trading centre like Dorestad.
Wijnaldum The Nether- lands
Terp alignment in Northern Westergo near Harlingen, consisting of nine mounds in a row built alongside natural channels. Shows constructions es- sential for settlement and survival in the Wadden Sea area but is also a good representative of a central place for regional power, communication and trade.
Testifies to an early adaption to the extreme natural surroundings with regular flooding. Still extant, one mound has been partly excavated.
Oost-Souburg The Nether- lands
Ring fortress, which probably served as protection against Viking raids from the 9th century and may have been a model for the Trelleborg fortresses in Denmark. Typical type of fortress for low-lying geographical situations. Built over today.
Upstalsboom Germany Thing site near Aurich, East Frisia, Germany, with alleged position marked today by a stone. Served as the meeting place for the free Frisian provinces, also calling themselves Die Sieben Seelande (The Seven Sea Countries).
Salt Extraction in the North Frisian
Wadden Sea Germany
Widespread traces of salt extraction can still be found on the mud flats of the North Frisian Wadden Sea area, Germany; a natural World Heritage Site.
Production was mainly decentralised, taking place on farms in the High Mid- dle Ages (11th century onwards).
Early Embanked Polders in Wester- goo and Ostergoo
The Nether- lands
Old dikes and drainage channels together with dwelling mounds from the late 10th and early 11th century in West Frisia, The Netherlands. They mark the beginning of land reclamation processes in the Wadden Sea area. These ex- traordinary achievements of engineering and adaptation to nature are unique to the Frisians. Development led to securing of the existing salt marsh islands against seasonal flooding and to the reclamation of new land from the sea.
PHOTOS ON CD:
ÞINGVELLIR (1)
• Ringfortress_6.pdf