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ANNEXES

IN NORTHERN EUROPE

(3)

... 5 Annex to chapter 7a ... 34 Annex to chapter 7b ... 44

(4)

SHP FILES OF MAPS ON CD:

• WH_shape

MAPS ON CD:

• 1_Thingvellir_overview

• 1_Thingvellir_detail

• 2_Jelling

• 3_Trelleborg_fortresses

• 3-1_Aggersborg

• 3-2_Fyrkat

• 3-3_Trelleborg

• 4_Hedeby-Danevirke

• 4_Hedeby_1_2

• 4_Hedeby_3

• 4_Hedeby_4_13_14_15

• 4_Hedeby_5_6_7_8_9

• 4_Hedeby_10_11_12

• 4_Hedeby_16_17_18

• 4_Hedeby_19

• 4_Hedeby_20_21_22

• 5_Grobina

• 6_1_Borre

• 6_2_Oseberg

• 6_3_Gokstad

• 7_Hyllestad

• 7_Hyllestad detail

(5)

WHS

NO NAME OF

PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

OF PROPERTY TYPE OF

PROPERTY ICOMOS’ CHRONO-

LOGICAL PERIOD STATES PARTY

3 Aachen

Cathedral

A palatine chapel dating from the late 8th century under the

ruler of Charlemagne.

Extended in the High and Late Middle Ages.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

29 Historic Centre of

Kraków

Historic town from the 13th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns

and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Poland

58 Urnes Stave

Church Wooden church built in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Norway

59 Bryggen Old wharf of Bergen built

during the 14th – 16th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

80 Mont-Saint- Michel and its

Bay

A Gothic-style Benedictine abbey built in the 11th – 16th

century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

81 Chartres

Cathedral A Gothic cathedral built in the 12th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

84 Vézelay, Church and

Hill

Benedictine abbey founded in the 9th century with 12th century monastic church.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

b. Vikings and

Normans France

160 Palace and Park of Fontainebleau

Royal Medieval hunting lodge

used from the 12th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

(6)

WHS NO

NAME OF PROPERTY

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

TYPE OF PROPERTY

ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD

STATES PARTY

162 Amiens

Cathedral Gothic church of the 13th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

165 Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay

Burgundian monastery founded by St Bernard in AD

1119.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

168 Speyer

Cathedral Romanesque cathedral from the 11th and 12th centuries.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

187

St Mary’s Cathedral and

St Michael’s Church at Hildesheim

Ottonian Romanesque church built in the early 11th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

228

Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal

Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge

14th century seat of the papacy. Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

230 Abbey Church of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe

Romanesque cathedral from the 11th and 12th centuries.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

267 Old City of

Berne City built between the 12th and the 16th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages

15th and 16th centuries c. Western and Central Europe

Switzer- land

268 Abbey of St Gall

The Convent of St Gall is a Carolingian monastery, dating

from the 8th century.

It remained in use until secularisation in 1805.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious Property

Western and Northern Europe

a. Early Middle Ages

Switzer- land

(7)

269 Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair

Christian monastic renovation from the Carolingian era.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages

Switzer- land

272 Hanseatic City of Lübeck

A major trading centre in Europe from the 12th – 16th

century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

292 Cologne

Cathedral

Gothic cathedral built in stages between the 13th and late 19th

centuries.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

19th century

Germany

345 Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne

Medieval fortified town from the 13th and 14th centuries of particular importance due to Viollet-le-Duc 19th century

restorations.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages and Europe from the French Revolution to

the First World War b. Liberalism and

Nationalism

France

370 Durham Castle and Cathedral

Norman architecture dating from the 11th and early 12th

century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

United Kingdom of Great Britain

and North- ern Ireland

372

Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey

Ruins of the 12th century Cistercian Fountains Abbey and Fountains Hall Castle and 18th century landscaping of the

park.

Religious property and Cultural Landscapes, Parks

and Gardens

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages and 17th to 18th

centuries c. Northern Europe

United Kingdom

of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

374

Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in

Gwynedd

Military architecture from the time of King Edward I

(1272-1307). Military properties

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

United Kingdom

of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

(8)

WHS NO

NAME OF PROPERTY

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

TYPE OF PROPERTY

ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD

STATES PARTY

400

Budapest, includ- ing the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle

Quarter and Andrássy Avenue

Historic city centre with buildings including buildings

dating from the Middle Ages.

Historic city cen- tre with buildings including buildings

dating from the Middle Ages.

From Roman Empire via High and Late Middle Ages to the

20th century

Hungary

426

Palace of Westminster and

Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s

Church

Gothic churches from the 11th century and neo-gothic palace from the 19th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages and Europe from the French Revolution to

the First World War b. Liberalism and

Nationalism

United Kingdom

of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

428 City of Bath

City first developed in Roman times, a centre for wool industry in the Middle Ages

and a spa city from the 18th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

From Roman Empire to 19th century

United Kingdom

of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

488 Tower of London Norman military architecture and Medieval fortress castle

from the 11th – 16th century. Military properties

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

United Kingdom

of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

495 Strasbourg – Grande île

Evolution from a Medieval town centre from the

12th – 18th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

18th century

France

496

Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine’s Abbey, and St Martin’s Church

A series of the development of early Christian monuments

of England dating from the 6th – 12th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages

United Kingdom

of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

(9)

515 Abbey and Al- tenmünster of

Lorsch

Architectural vestiges of the Carolingian era.

Religious property Historic buildings

and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germanu

541 Vilnius Historic Centre

Political centre of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the

13th to the end of the 18th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

18th century

Lithunaia

546 Maulbronn Mon-astery Complex

Medieval monastic complex with buildings from the

12th – 16th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

600 Paris, Banks of the Seine

Buildings along the river Seine – some from the Medieval

period.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

20th century

France

601

Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of

Saint-Rémi and Palace of Tau,

Reims

Gothic cathedral from the 13th century with former construc-

tion elements from the 9th century surviving.

Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

616 Historic Centre of Prague

Historic city centre with con- centration of buildings from the 14th century Holy Roman

Empire.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Czech Republic

617 Historic Centre of Český Krum-

lov

Historic city centre with con- centration of buildings from the 13th century Holy Roman

Empire.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Czech Republic

620

Levoča, Spišský Hrad and the Associated Cul- tural Monuments

Military, political and religious buildings from the 13th and

14th centuries.

Military properties Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Slovakia

(10)

WHS NO

NAME OF PROPERTY

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

TYPE OF PROPERTY

ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD

STATES PARTY

621 Historic Centre of Telč

Historic centre which build- ings date from the 14th and 15th

centuries.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Czech Republic

623

Mines of Rammelsberg, Historic Town of

Goslar and Upper Harz Water Manage-

ment System

Mining town flourishing from the 11th century to the

1980s.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-

ical properties

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the

20th century

Germany

624 Town of

Bamberg Medieval town dating from the 11th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Germany

635 Bourges

Cathedral Gothic cathedral from the 12th and 13th centuries.

Religious property Historic buildings

and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

France

695 Roskilde Cathedral

First Gothic cathedral in Scan- dinavia dating from the 12th

and 13th centuries.

Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Denmark

596

Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania

Cultural landscape of historic villages dating back to the 13th

– 16th century.

Cultural landscape Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Romania

699

City of Luxem- bourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications

Historic town with buildings and structures dating back to

the 12th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the

19th century

Luxem- bourg

728 Old and New Towns of Edinburgh

Historic town with a street pattern dating back the Middle

Ages.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

19th century

United Kingdom

of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland

(11)

731 Hanseatic Town

of Visby Hanseatic town dating back to the 12th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Northern Europe c. High and Late

Middle Ages Sweden

732

Kutná Hora:

Historical Town Centre with the Church of St Barbara and the Cathedral of Our

Lady at Sedlec

Town centre with buildings dating to the 14th – 16th

century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Czech Republic

757 Sceilg Mhichíl A monastic complex on the island of Skellig Michael dat-

ing from the 7th century.

Group of buildings Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

a. Early Middle Ages Ireland

758

Millenary Bene- dictine Abbey of Pannonhalma

and its Natural Environment

Historic, religious buildings dating from the 13th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Ungary

762 Church Village of Gammelstad,

Luleå

Church town from the 14th century and .

Religious property Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Sweden

764 Historic Centre of the City of

Salzburg

Town developing from the Middle Ages to the 19th cen-

tury.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and N orthern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the

19th century

Austria

806

Hall- statt-Dachstein/

Salzkammergut Cultural Land-

scape

A cultural landscape based the mining of salt from the 2nd millennium BC to the 20th

century.

Cultural landscape From early evolution of man to the 20th

century Europe Austria

818 Mill Network at Kinderdi-

jk-Elshout

Mill system which partly dates

back to the 11th century. Cultural landscape

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late Middle Ages to the

20th century

Nether- lands

(12)

WHS NO

NAME OF PROPERTY

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

TYPE OF PROPERTY

ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD

STATES PARTY

822 Historic Centre (Old Town) of

Tallinn

City centre dating back to the 13th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Estonia

835 Medieval Town of Toruń

Historic town which includes buildings from the 13th – 15th

century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Poland

847 Castle of the Teutonic Order

in Malbork

13th century fortified monastery with Medieval

castle.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe cc. High and Late

Middle Ages

Poland

852 Historic Centre of Riga

City centre dating back to the 13th and 15th centuries and renowned for its 19th century

Jugendstil.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages Europe from the French Revolution to

the First World War b. Liberalism and

nationalism

Latvia

855 Flemish

Béguinages

Churches and buildings associated with the Flemish Béguinages dating from the

13th century.

Religious property Historic buildings

and ensemble

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Belgium

868

Routes of Santiago de Compostela in

France

Pilgrim route with buildings dating back to 10th and 11th

centuries.

Cultural routes Historic buildings

and ensemble Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

873 Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs

Medieval town hosting Medieval fairs from the

11th – 14th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

884

Three Castles, Defensive Wall and Ramparts of the Market-Town

of Bellinzona

Late Medieval defensive

structure. Military properties

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Switzer- land

(13)

897 Wartburg Castle Castle whose construction

dates back to the 11th century. Historic buildings and ensemble

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

902 Historic Centre of Sighişoara

Small Medieval town founded by the Saxons of Transylvania

in the 13th

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Romania

931

City of Graz – Historic Centre

and Schloss Eggenberg

Historic city centre with listed buildings from the Middle

Ages to the 18th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

18th century

Austria

932 Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion

Historic vineyard dating back to the Romans, with intensified

use from the Medieval period.

Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-

ical properties

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

933

The Loire Valley between Sully-

sur-Loire and Chalonnes

Cultural landscape with histor- ic towns, villages and cultivated

land, some of which date from the Middle Ages.

Cultural landscape Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-

ical properties

From the Roman period to the 20th

century France

943 Belfries of Bel-

gium and France Belfries dating from the

11th – 17th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

17th century

Belgium Franceand

973 Bardejov Town Conservation

Reserve

Historic town dating from the 12th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages to the

17th century

Slovakia

974 Monastic Island of Reichenau

The traces of the Benedictine monastery, founded in AD 724

and with a series of churches built between the 9th and 11th

centuries.

Religious property Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

a. Early Middle Ages Germany

(14)

WHS NO

NAME OF PROPERTY

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

TYPE OF PROPERTY

ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD

STATES PARTY

996 Historic Centre

of Brugge Medieval city centre dominat- ed by Gothic architecture.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Belgium

1009 Notre-Dame Cathedral in

Tournai

Cathedral from the 12th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Belgium

1053 Wooden Church- es of Southern

Małopolska

Churches dating back to the 15th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Poland

1066 Upper Middle Rhine Valley

Cultural landscape which includes buildings from the

Middle Ages. Cultural landscapes From Roman period

to 19th century Germany

1067 Historic Centres of Stralsund and

Wismar

Historic town centres dating from the 13th – 15th century and

the 17th and 18th centuries.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

17th and 18th centuries b. Northern Europe

Germany

1078 Jewish Quarter and St Procopius’

Basilica in Třebíč

Western European style buildings dating from the 14th

century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Czech Republic

1087

Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of

Bremen

Town hall from the 15th

century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Town Hall and Roland on the Mar-

ketplace of Bremen Germany

1137

Kernavė Ar- chaeological Site (Cultural Reserve

of Kernavė)

Traces of settlement from dat- ing from the 9th and 8th cen- turies BC to the 20th century

AD.

Cultural landscape From Early Evolu- tion of man to 20th

century Europe Lithuania

(15)

1153

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean

agro-pastoral Cultural Land-

scape

Cultural landscape including

remains from the 11th century. Cultural landscape

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

1155 Old town of Regensburg with

Stadtamhof

Medieval town from the 11th century with roots back to the

9th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe

c. High and Late Middle Ages

Germany

1337 Episcopal City of Albi

Medieval city with remains dating back to the 10th and

11th centuries.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Western and Northern Europe a. Early Middle Ages

c. High and Late Middle Ages

France

(16)

604

Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings

Historic buildings from the

11th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federation

632

Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the

Solovetsky Islands

Historic buildings dating including buildings associated with the 15th century monastic

activities.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and

Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federation

633

White Monuments of

Vladimir and Suzdal

Buildings from the 12th and

13th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and

Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federation

724 Medieval Monuments in

Kosovo

Byzantine-Romanesque ecclesiastical monuments from

the 13th – 17th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe d. Ottoman Empire; Balkans;

Great Serbia;

Bulgarian empire;

(Serbia, Bosnia, Her- zegovina, Bulgaria,

Hungary)

Serbia WHS

NO NAME OF

PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

OF PROPERTY TYPE OF

PROPERTY ICOMOS’ CHRONO-

LOGICAL PERIOD STATES PARTY

474 Hortobágy National Park –

the Puszta

Pastoral landscape used for two millennia, including the

Middle Ages.

Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial and tech- nological properties

From the Bronze Age via the Middle Ages

to 20th century Hungary

527

Kiev: Saint-So- phia Cathedral and Related Monastic Build- ings, Kiev-Pech-

ersk Lavra

Cathedral dating back to the 11th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Ukraine

545 Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow

Historic buildings parts of which date back to the 14th

century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federation

(17)

NO PROPERTY OF PROPERTY PROPERTY LOGICAL PERIOD PARTY

865 L’viv – the Ensemble of the

Historic Centre

History city centre dating back to the 13th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and

Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine

Ukraine

960

Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat

Valley

Armenian monastery dating back to the 12th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Eastern Medieval

Europe Armenia

1070

Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress

Buildings of Derbent

Historic city with fabric partly dating back to the Middle

Ages.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

From the Early Man via Eastern Medieval

Europe c. Golden Horde;

Khanates; to the 20th century

Russian Federation

1411

The ancient city of Tauric Cher-

sonese and its Chora

Historic town dating from the 5th century BC to the 14th

century AD.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and

Russia (9th to 15th cent.); Ukraine

Ukraine

(18)

474 Hortobágy Na- tional Park – the

Puszta

Pastoral landscape used for two millennia, including the Mid-

dle Ages.

Cultural landscape Agricultural, indus- trial and technolog-

ical properties

From the Bronze Age via the Middle Ages

to 20th century Hungary

527

Kiev: Saint-So- phia Cathedral and Related Monastic Build- ings, Kiev-Pech-

ersk Lavra

Cathedral dating back to the 11th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Ukraine

545 Kremlin and Red Square,

Moscow

Historic buildings parts of which date back to the 14th

century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federa-

tion

604

Historic Mon- uments of Novgorod and

Surroundings

Historic buildings from the

11th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federa-

tion

632

Cultural and Historic En- semble of the Solovetsky Is-

lands

Historic buildings dating in- cluding buildings associated with the 15th century monastic

activities.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federa-

tion

633 White Monu- ments of Vladi- mir and Suzdal

Buildings from the 12th and

13th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Russian Federa-

tion

724 Medieval Monu- ments in Kosovo

Byzantine-Romanesque eccle- siastical monuments from the

13th – 17th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Eastern Medieval Europe d. Ottoman Em- pire; Balkans; Great

Serbia; Bulgarian empire;

(Serbia, Bosnia, Her- zegovina, Bulgaria,

Hungary)

Serbia WHS

NO

NAME OF PROPERTY

DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

TYPE OF PROPERTY

ICOMOS’ CHRONO- LOGICAL PERIOD

STATES PARTY

(19)

865 L’viv – the En- semble of the Historic Centre

History city centre dating back to the 13th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Ukraine

960

Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat

Valley

Armenian monastery dating back to the 12th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Eastern Medieval

Europe Armenia

1070

Citadel, Ancient City and For- tress Buildings

of Derbent

Historic city with fabric partly dating back to the Middle

Ages.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

From the Early Man via Eastern Medieval

Europe c. Golden Horde;

Khanates; to the 20th century

Russian Federa-

tion

1411

The ancient city of Tauric Cher-

sonese and its Chora

Historic town dating from the 5th century BC to the 14th cen-

tury AD.

Urban and rural settlements/historic

towns and villages

Eastern Medieval Europe b. Kievan Rus and Russia (9th to 15th

cent.); Ukraine

Ukraine

(20)

STATE PARTY

TENTATIVE

LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-

ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY

Andorra 1269 Eglises romanes

d’Andorre Churches from the 11th and 12th centuries.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles Andorra 1268 Ensemble historique de

Santa Coloma

Historic architectural com- plex which includes church- es from the 6th – 8th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Armenia 14

The monasteries of Tatev and Tatevi Anapat and the adjacent areas of the

Vorotan Valley

Buildings and monasteries from the 9th – 13th and 17th

centuries.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Austria 28 Abbey of Kremsmünster Abbey and monastery from the 8th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles Austria 32 Cathedral of Gurk Cathedral from the 12th-17th

century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles Austria 19 Cultural Landscape of

“Innsbruck-Nordkette/

Karwendel”

Historic town founded in the Late Medieval period.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages Austria 5801 Hall in Tyrol – The Min Historic city centre with

buildings dating back to the 15th and 16th centuries.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages Austria 30 Heiligenkreuz Abbey Monastic complex contin-

uously used since the 12th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles Austria 31 Hochosterwitz Castle Medieval Caste. Military properties

Belarus 1894 Kamyanets Tower Defence structures from the

13th century. Military properties

Belarus 1893

Saviour Transfiguration Church and St. Sophia Cathedral in the town of

Polatsk

Historic town and church dating from the 10th – 13th

century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages Religious property

(21)

Belarus 1895 SS. Boris and Gleb (Ka- lozha) Church in the city

of Hrodna

Church dating from the 11th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Belgium 5361 Le palais de Princes Evêques de Liège

Episcopal palace and related buildings from the late 10th

– 11th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Belgium 856

Le noyau historique médiéval ou la ‘Cuve’ de Gand, et les deux abbayes

qui sont à son origine

A series of buildings dating

from the 7th – 20th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Belgium 1712

Leuven/Louvain, bâ- timents universitaires, l’héritage de six siècles au

sein du centre historique

Historic centre including buildings from the 12th

15th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Bosnia and Her-

zegonvia 2098 The natural and architec-

tural ensemble of Jajce Includes a fortress from the

Medieval period. Historic buildings and ensembles

Bosnia and Her- zegonvia Serbia Monte- negro Croatia

5607 Stećaks - Mediaeval Tombstones

Transnational serial property of monolithic tombstones from the 12th – 16th century.

Religious property

Bosnia and Her-

zegonvia 5092 The historic urban site of Počitelj

Medieval administrative including fort and close by

settlements from the 14th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Bosnia and Her-

zegonvia 5280 The natural and architec-

tural ensemble of Blagaj Settlements dating back to the 15th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages PARTY LIST NUMBER SITE NAME

ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY

(22)

Bosnia and Her-

zegonvia 5281 The natural and architec- tural ensemble of Blidinje

Late Medieval religious architecture including tombs

from the 14th and 15th centuries.

Religious property Burial monuments and

sites

Bosnia and Her-

zegonvia 5282 The natural and architec- tural ensemble of Stolac

Archaeological and archi- tectural sites stretching from

the Palaeolithic to the 19th century.

Archaeological heritage Historic buildings and

ensembles

Bulgaria 1948 The Ancient Plovdiv

Ancient transport corridor which use stretches from the Palaeolithic to the 19th

century.

Cultural landscape Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Bulgaria 47 The ancient town of Nicopolis ad Istrum

Necropolis from the 2nd century with a Medieval settlement (10th – 14th cen-

tury) on top.

Burial monuments and sites

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Bulgaria 49 The Bachkovo Monastery Monastery dating back to

the 11th and 12th centuries. Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Bulgaria 50 The town of Melnik and the Rozhen Monastery

Town and monastery Some remains dating back to the

13th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages Religious property

Croatia 5104 City of Motovun

Historic city dating back to the 12th century with build-

ings from the 13th – 18th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Croatia 2015 Diocletian’s Palace and the Historical Nucleus of

Split (extension)

Aqueduct dating back to the 11th century

Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-

erties

Croatia 160

Historical-town planning ensemble of Ston with Mali Ston, connecting walls, the Mali Ston Bay

nature reserve, Stonsko Polje and the salt pans

Historic town with built heritage from the Medieval

period.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages STATE

PARTY

TENTATIVE

LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-

ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY

(23)

Croatia 2017 Lubenice A fortified urban settlement which includes a series of

Medieval churches.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Croatia 5102 Primošten Vineyards Vineyards where production started in the 12th and 13th

centuries.

Agricultural, industrial and technological

properties

Croatia 162 Varazdin - Historic Nu- cleus and Old Town (the

Castle)

Historic town with con- structional features dating

back to the 12th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Croatia 157 Zadar - Episcopal com-

plex Roman and Medieval archi- tectural complex.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Cyprus 1875

Agia Paraskevi at Geroskipou (Five-domed

churches) Churches from c. AD 1100. Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Czech

republic 5691

Paysage culturel minier des Monts Métallifères

(Erzgebirge)

Cultural landscape related to silver mining dating back to

the 12th century.

Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial

and technological properties

Czech

republic 1509 Fishpond Network in the Trebon Basin

Town associated with the fishpond network dating

back to the 14th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages Agricultural, industrial

and technological properties

Czech

republic 5775 Mining Cultural Land- scape Erzgebirge/

Krušnohoří

Cultural landscape related to mining and metallurgy stretching from the 12th

20th century.

Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial

and technological properties

Czech

republic 1559

Sites of Great Moravia:

Slavonic Fortified Set- tlement at Mikulcice - Church of St.Margaret at

Kopčani

Fortified settlement dating back to the 9th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic towns

and villages Religious property

(24)

Czech

republic 1564 The Karlstejn Castle 14th century castle. Historic buildings and ensembles

Czech

republic 5378 The West Bohemian Spa Triangle

Transboundary serial prop- erty of spas, one spa dates back to the Medieval period.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Czech

republic 5153 Žatec – the Hops Town Historic town dating back

to the Medieval period. Historic buildings and ensembles

Denmark 1781

Church ruin at Hvalsø, episcopal residence at Garðar, and Brattahlid (A Norse/Eskimo cultural

landscape)

Property related to the Norse-Eskimo interaction

in Greenland.

Cultural landscape Archaeological heritage

Estonia 1716 Kuressaare Fortress Castle from the 14th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Germany 1369

The Naumburg Cathedral and the landscape of the rivers Saale and Unstrut an important dominion in

the High Middle Ages

Cathedral from the 13th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Germany 1366 Westwork and Civitas Corvey

Monastic complex dating back to the 9th century with

later extensions form the 12th – 18th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Religious property

Greece 1791

The Area of the Prespes Lakes: Megali and Mikri

Prespa which includes Byzantine and post- Byzantine monuments

Area with buildings from the 8th – 14th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Hungary 227 Le Château-fort médiéval

d’Esztergom No description provided by

State Party. Military properties?

Hungary 1497 Mediaeval Royal Seat and Parkland at Visegrád

Royal hunting area from the 11th century, and buildings from the 13th – 15th century.

Cultural landscapes, parks and gardens STATE

PARTY

TENTATIVE

LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-

ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY

(25)

Hungary 1498

System of Fortifications at the Confluence of the Rivers Danube and Váh in Komárno – Komárom

Fortification system stretch- ing from the 1st- to the 19th century, includes town from

the Medieval period. Military properties

Hungary 280 The Tihany Peninsula

A peninsula closely associ- ated with the Benedictine Order including churches

from the Medieval period. Religious property

Hungary 1501 The Wooden Churches of the Northern Part of the

Carpathian Basin

First wooden church built in

the late 11th – 17th century. Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Ireland 5527 Early Medieval Monastic Sites

Six monastic sites dated to the 6th and 7th centuries,

derived their unique set- tlement patterns from the major sites of pre-Christian

Celtic Ireland.

Religious property His- toric buildings and en-

sembles

Ireland 5526 The Monastic City of Clonmacnoise and its Cultural Landscape

Architectural ensemble of an insular monastic city dating from the 6th century,

growing in importance in the 9th century.

Religious property Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Ireland 5528

The Royal Sites of Ire- land: Cashel, Dún Ail- inne, Hill of Uisneach, Rathcroghan Complex,

and Tara Complex

Major royal sites for in- auguration, ceremony and assembly. Link to the trans- formation of Ireland from paganism to Christianity.

Archaeological heritage

Ireland 5525 Western Stone Forts Early Medieval ring-fort settlements from AD

700-1000. Archaeological heritage

Italy 5565 Arab-Norman Paler- mo and the cathedral churches of Cefalù’ and

Monreale

Collection of monuments with decorative elements such as mosaics, paintings and sculptures from the 10th

and 11th centuries.

Historic buildings and ensembles

(26)

Italy 2031

Cascata delle Marmore and Valnerina: Monastic sites and ancient hydro-

geological reclamation works

Remains dating back to the early 6th century and includes buildings from the

13th – 17th century.

Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-

erties Religious property

Italy 1150 Cattolica Monastery in Stilo and Basilian-Byzan-

tine complexes

Religious buildings dating from the 6th – 12th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Italy 1154 Fortress Town

of Palmanova Fortress from late 15th

century. Military properties

Italy 340 Historic Centre of Lucca

City centre with remains from the Roman periods, including buildings from the

12th – 15th century, continu- ing to the 19th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Italy 1148 Historic Centre of Parma City centre with Roman origin, includes buildings from the 11th – 15th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Italy 327 Historic centre of Pavia and Chartreuse

Historic city dating back to the 5th century BC, including buildings from

the 12th – 15th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Italy 1161 Monte Sant’ Angelo and the Via Sacra Langobar-

dorum

Langobardian shrine dating

back to 7th century. Religious property

Italy 344 Orvieto Fortress and settlement

from the 10th – 14th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages Italy 1160 Romanesque Cathedrals

in Puglia Cathedrals from the 11th – 13th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Italy 1149 Salento and the “Barocco Leccese”

Cultural landscape including churches and stately homes,

castles and watchtowers from the 11th and 15th

centuries.

Cultural landscape Agricultural, industrial

and technological properties STATE

PARTY

TENTATIVE

LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-

ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY

(27)

Italy 1153 Scrovegni’s Chapel 14th century chapel. Religious property Urban and rural settlements/historic towns

and villages

Italy 1164 Taormina and Isola Bella

City centre dating back to 358 BC, including buildings

from the 14th and 15th cen- turies.

Urban and rural settlements/historic towns

and villages

Italy 311 The city of Bergamo History city dating back to 223 BC, has buildings from

the 12th – 15th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic towns

and villages

Italy 5010 The Porticoes of Bologna City walls dating back to the 13th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles Military properties

Italy 5566

The Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdob- biadene. (Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e

Valdobbiadene

Settlement dating back to the 11th – 16th century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic towns

and villages

Italy 5005 The Transhumance: The Royal Shepherd’s Track

Shepherd’s track used for a millennia, becoming increas- ingly economically import-

ant in the 15th century.

Cultural routes

Italy 5006 Volterra: Historical City and Cultural Landscape

Historic city dating back to the 6th century, including buildings from the 5th – 15th

century.

Urban and rural settlements/historic towns

and villages

Latvia 5610 Meanders of the Upper Daugava

Cultural landscape with archaeological remains from

the 10th and 11th centuries. Cultural landscape

Lithuania 1821 Trakai Historical Nation- al Park

An historical park which includes remains from the 13th and 14th centuries, when it was the last pagan state of

Europe.

Military property

(28)

Luxem-

bourg 412 La ville et le château de Vianden

Carolingian town dating back to the 8th and 9th cen-

turies.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Malta 981 Cittadella (Victoria - Gozo)

Citadel dating back to the Bronze Age, includes re- mains from the Medieval

period.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Malta 1113 Maltese Catacomb Com-

plexes Includes catacombs from the

3rd – 7th century. Burial monuments and sites

Monte-

negro 5561 Cetinje Historic Core Historic centre dating back to the late 15th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Monte-

negro 5563 Doclea Roman city, with a revival in

the 9th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Monte-

negro 5562 Old Town of Bar Abandoned historic town with remains from the 10th

19th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Poland 530 Gdansk - Town of Mem- ory and Freedom

Historic town which include buildings from the Medieval

period.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Poland 5498

Royal Salt Mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia (extension to the Wiel-

iczka Salt Mine)

Displays the development of the salt mining industry from the 13th – 20th century.

Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-

erties

Portugal 1498 Town of Marvao and the craggy mountain on

which it is located

Historic town dating back to the 9th century

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Romania 545 byzantines et post-byzan-

tines de Curtea de Arges Churches from the 14th to the 16th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Romania 549 L’ensemble rupestre de

Basarabi Monastic complex from the 10th – 12th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles STATE

PARTY

TENTATIVE

LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-

ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY

(29)

Romania 544 Le Monastère de Neamt Late 15th century monastery. Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Romania 1929

The Historic Centre of Sibiu and its Ensemble of

Squares Buildings from the 15th – 19th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles Russia 1638 Great Pskov Architectural fortifications

from the 13th – 18th century. Military properties Russia 1110 The Bolgar historical-ar-

chitectural complex

Historic buildings from the

13th – 15th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Serbia 5539 Caričin Grad – Iustiniana Prima, archaeological site

Archaeological site of the town of Iustiniana Prima

from the 6th century. Archaeological heritage Serbia 5536 Fortified Manasija Mon-

astery Monastery dating from the 14th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Religious property

Serbia 5540 Historical place of Bač and its Surroundings

Historic buildings, including fort, monastery from the

12th – 15th century.

Historic buildings and ensembles

Religious property Serbia 5538 Smederevo Fortress Late 15th century fortress. Military properties

Slovakia 1735

Extension of the location of Spišský hrad and its associated cultural mon- uments with Levoča and the work of Master Paul

in Spiš

Historic buildings from the

13th –15th century. Historic buildings and ensembles

Slovakia 580 Gemer and Abov church- es with the Medieval wall

paintings

Churches from the 14th and

the 15th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles

Religious property

Slovakia 1739 Natural and Cultural Landscape of Danube

Region

Cultural landscape with including settlements sites and buildings from the 8th

15th century. Cultural landscape

(30)

Slovakia 5093

Sites of Great Moravia:

Slavonic Fortified Set- tlement at Mikulčice – Church of St. Margaret at

Kopčany

Church dating back to the 9th century and an archaeo- logical territory with graves

from the 9th – 18th century.

Religious property Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages

Slovakia 1733

System of Fortifications at the Confluence of the Rivers Danube and Váh in Komárno – Komárom

A fortress that date back to the 13th century and devel-

oping until the 19th century. Military properties

Slovakia 1734 The concept of the lentic- ular historical town core

of Košice City

Historic town from the 13th

century. Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages Spain 5135 Loarre Castle Castle dating back to the

11th and 12th centuries. Historic buildings and ensembles

Spain 5128 Mesta Livestock trails Livestock trails dating back to the 13th century.

Agricultural, industrial and technological prop-

erties

Spain 5133

The Northern or Primi- tive Route (extension of the Route of Santiago de

Compostella)

Pilgrimage route. Cultural route

Spain 1228 The Ribeira Sacra, Lugo and Orense

A collection of Medieval

churches and monasteries. Religious properties Historic buildings and

ensembles

Ukraine 670 Cultural Landscape of Canyon in Kamenets-Po-

dilsk (#)

Castle and Historic centre of Kamenets –Podolsk, 11th

– 18th century. Cultural landscape

Ukraine 5773 Cultural Landscape of

“Cave Towns” of the Crimean Gothia

“Cave towns” of which some date from the 6th – 15th cen-

tury. Cultural landscape

Ukraine 668 Historic Centre of Tch-

ernigov Historic centre dating from the 9th – 13th century.

Urban and rural settle- ments/historic towns and

villages STATE

PARTY

TENTATIVE

LIST NUMBER SITE NAME DESCRIPTION OF WPROP-

ERTY TYPE OF PROPERTY

(31)

Ukraine 5423

Kyiv: Saint Sophia Ca- thedral with Related Monastic Buildings, St.

Cyril’s and St. Andrew’s Churches, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (extension of Kiev:

Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kiev-Pechersk

Lavra)

One of the churches dates back to the 12th century.

Churches from the 12th – 19th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

Ukraine 5575

Trading Posts and For- tifications on Genoese Trade Routes. From the

Mediterranean to the Black Sea

Trading post and fortifica- tions from the 13th – 15th century associated with the

Genoese trade routes. Cultural routes

United Kingdom

of Great Brit- ain and Northern

Ireland

5681 The Twin Monastery of

Wearmouth Jarrow Monastery dating from the 7th century.

Religious property Historic buildings and

ensembles

(32)

STATE PARTY BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Bremen-Mahndorf Germany

Excavated Saxon settlement and cemetery from the 4th – 9th century AD.

Sunken-floored huts and other buildings, valuable imports from the Frankish Empire and England. Possible Frisian trading place. Built over and destroyed by sand extraction.

Dankirke Denmark Danish settlement near Ribe from the 3rd century BC – 6th century AD, Fri- sian contact point with Danes; some houses, a hall building and finds typical of market places, such as valuable imports, were excavated

Dorestad The Nether- lands

Site inhabited from AD 675 AD onwards. After repeated raiding and destruc- tion by Vikings, it was deserted and activities moved to Tiel, Deventer and Zutphen. Its layout is only partially known but very structured along the river.

As a mint, it produced a large quantity of Frisian coins for long-distance trade from the mid 6th century. Situated in Frisian territory but most likely con- trolled by the Frankish kings. First permanent trading place based on models from England and the Frankish domain. Built over and destroyed by the river.

Deventer and

Zutphen The Nether- lands

Proto-urban settlements with central functions for trade and religion (De- venter) and military and administration (Zutphen). Early inhabited areas de- veloped from the 9th century. Ramparts from c. AD 882. Elaborate multi-sto- rey houses in Deventer from the late 10th century. Largely Frankish dominated.

Built over by the modern town.

Domburg The Nether-

lands Settlement site with numerous graves and houses from the 7th – 9th century on the former island of Walcheren. Possibly a trading centre like Dorestad.

Wijnaldum The Nether- lands

Terp alignment in Northern Westergo near Harlingen, consisting of nine mounds in a row built alongside natural channels. Shows constructions es- sential for settlement and survival in the Wadden Sea area but is also a good representative of a central place for regional power, communication and trade.

Testifies to an early adaption to the extreme natural surroundings with regular flooding. Still extant, one mound has been partly excavated.

Oost-Souburg The Nether- lands

Ring fortress, which probably served as protection against Viking raids from the 9th century and may have been a model for the Trelleborg fortresses in Denmark. Typical type of fortress for low-lying geographical situations. Built over today.

(33)

Upstalsboom Germany Thing site near Aurich, East Frisia, Germany, with alleged position marked today by a stone. Served as the meeting place for the free Frisian provinces, also calling themselves Die Sieben Seelande (The Seven Sea Countries).

Salt Extraction in the North Frisian

Wadden Sea Germany

Widespread traces of salt extraction can still be found on the mud flats of the North Frisian Wadden Sea area, Germany; a natural World Heritage Site.

Production was mainly decentralised, taking place on farms in the High Mid- dle Ages (11th century onwards).

Early Embanked Polders in Wester- goo and Ostergoo

The Nether- lands

Old dikes and drainage channels together with dwelling mounds from the late 10th and early 11th century in West Frisia, The Netherlands. They mark the beginning of land reclamation processes in the Wadden Sea area. These ex- traordinary achievements of engineering and adaptation to nature are unique to the Frisians. Development led to securing of the existing salt marsh islands against seasonal flooding and to the reclamation of new land from the sea.

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PHOTOS ON CD:

ÞINGVELLIR (1)

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• Ringfortress_6.pdf

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