Science of the Total Environment
An International Journal for Scientific Research into the Environment and its Relationship with Humankind
Editor-in-Chief Executive Editor
J.O. Nriagu J.G. Farmer
Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, School of GeoSciences, Crew Building,
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, University of Edinburgh,
109 S. Observatory Street, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA Scotland, UK
Tel.: +1 734 9360706; Fax: +1 734 6157141; Tel: +44 131 6504907; Fax: +44 131 6620478;
E-mail: stoten@umich.edu E-mail: stoten@ed.ac.uk
Associate Editors J.P. Bennett
University of Wisconsin, Institute for Environmental Studies, 445 Henry Mall, Madison WI 53706, USA
B.W. Brooks
Environmental Science and Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco TX 76798-7266, USA
L. George
Portland State University, Environmental Sciences and Management, Portland OR 97201, USA
C.P. Huang
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware,
Newark, DE 19716 USA
A.B. MacKenzie
Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, Scotland, UK
L. Morawska
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of Technology,
2 George Street, Brisbane, Q 4001 Australia Assistant Editor
M.C. Livingston
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
E-mail: stoten@umich.edu Editorial Board
S.J.T. Pollard Cranfield University, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK F. Rigét University of Aarhus, Dept. of Arctic Environment, Freder: Ksborgvej, 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark I. Snape Environmental Protection and Change Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050 Australia C.E.W. Steinberg Institute of Biology, Freshwater Ecology, Humboldt University at Berlin, Arboretum, Spaethstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany
Printed by Polestar Wheatons, Ltd., Exeter, UK The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
B. Ahman
Swed. Univ. of Agricultural Sciences R. Bargagli
Universita degli Studi di Sienna, Italy J. Burger
Rutgers University, Piscataway, USA N. Cape
Edinburgh Research Station, UK L. Chan
University of Northern British Columbia, Canada
M. Cresser
University of York, York, UK A. Cundy
University of Sussex, Brighton, UK J. Dorea
University of Brasilia, Brazil L.K. Duffy
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA X. Feng
Institute of Geochemistry, China A. Frank
Sweden University Agricultural Science/Clinical Chemistry/Veterinary Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden M.C. Graham
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK J.O. Grimalt
CID-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
B.L. Gulson
Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia M. Gustin
University of Nevada, Reno, USA R.S. Hamilton
Middlesex University, London, UK P.T.C. Harrison
PTCH Consultancy Limited, Leicestershire, UK R.M. Harrison
University of Birmingham, UK P. Hooda
University of London, UK A.J. Horowitz
U.S. Geological Survey, Peachtree Business Center, Atlanta, USA K. Hudnell
105 Serrano Way, Chapel Hill, NC, USA D. Kolpin
U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, USA G. Lalor
University of the West Indies Mona, Jamaica X. Li
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
L.Q. Ma
University of Florida, USA R.W. Macdonald
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
D. Muir
National Water Research Institute,
Environment Canada, Burlington ON, Canada M. Navarro-Alarcon
Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Spain
M.L. Pignata
Universidad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Argentina
L. Poissant
Environment Canada, Quebec, Canada C. Poschenrieder
Universidad Awconoma de Barcelona, Spain C. Reimann
Geological Survey of Norway, N–7491 Trondheim, Norway
E. Sabbioni
European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
A. Smargiassi
Quebec National Institute for Public Health, Canada
S.H. Swan
Family and Community Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
P. Szefer
Medical University of Gdansk, Poland F.M.G. Tack
Ghent University, Belgium J.-P. Weber
Toxicology Centre of the Quebec National Institute for Public Health, Canada
