Svalbard
Norway
As (ppm)
1 -12 12 - 20 20 - 60 60- 100
IP 25 (µg/g)
0.0-0.003 0.0
0.003-0.009
0.009-0.016
0 10 20 30 40 50
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 0.004
0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012
IP
25(µg/gSed)
0.4 0.6 0.8 1
As/Al ratio
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Brassicasterol (µg/gSed)
Sea ice factory off Sea ice factory on SIF on
Age (yrs BP)
Agglutinated Forams (%)
II III I
0.2 0.4 0.6
IP
25(µg/gT OC)
0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014
IP 25 (µg/gSed) Nd Insolation 80 °
Greenland δ
18O ( ‰ ) ε
Sea ice factory off Local brines
-36.5 -36 -35.5 -35 -34.5 -34
Benthic δ
13C ( ‰ )
1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 500 504 508 512
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
Sea ice factory on Brine overflow Deepwater renewal Restart
Sea ice factory on Deepwater renewal
Age (ka BP) II III
I
-8.8 -9.2 -9.6 -10 -10.4 0.2
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 3 4 5 6
JJA T emp ( ° C)
2 3 4 5
° C) SST ( W Svalbard
Svalbard
Greenland Sea
W Svalbard/
Barents Sea
W Svalbard Planktic δ
13C ( ‰ )
Figure 4
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 0.005
0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01
IP25 (µg/gSed)
50 40 30 20 10 0
Agglut. Forams (%)
? ?
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Brassicasterol (µg/gSed)
Age (ka BP)
Figure 5
LSP
KSP CSP
NWP
+ + SP
LSP
KSP CSP
NEWP NWP
NB
WBP
_ _ SP
NEWP NB
WBP
A
B
TPD BG
AW
TPD BG
Sea ice factory on
Sea ice factory off AW
