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                    Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo No. 932 ISBN 978-82-8072-538-7 © German Tapia, 2010

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© German Tapia, 2010

Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo No. 932

ISBN 978-82-8072-538-7

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission.

Cover: Inger Sandved Anfinsen.

Printed in Norway: AiT e-dit AS.

Produced in co-operation with Unipub.

The thesis is produced by Unipub merely in connection with the

thesis defence. Kindly direct all inquiries regarding the thesis to the copyright holder or the unit which grants the doctorate.

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IV

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Tapia G, Cinek O, Rasmussen T, Grinde B, Rønningen KS. No Ljungan virus RNA in stool samples from the Norwegian environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes (MIDIA) cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2010 May;33(5):1069-71.

DOI: 10.2337/dc09-1951

This is an author produced version of the article. The original publication is available at Diabetes Care

Access to the published version may require journal subscription.

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Referanser

Outline

RELATERTE DOKUMENTER