Overenskomster med fremmede stater

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Hefte nr. 4/2005

Overenskomster med

fremmede stater

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Innhold

Side 1996

Mai 2. 1996-endringsprotokollen til Konvensjon om begrensning av ansvaret for sjørettslige

krav 1976 av 19. november 1976 nr. 3...447 1998

Juni 22. Protokoll om endring av Europeisk konvensjon om beskyttelse av virveldyr som brukes til

eksperimenter og andre vitenskapelige formål av 18. mars 1986 nr. 1...454 1999

Juni 17. Protokoll om vann og helse til Konvensjon om beskyttelse og bruk av

grenseoverskridende vassdrag og internasjonale innsjøer av 17. mars 1992 nr. 1...457 2002

Mai 3. Protokoll nr. 13 til Konvensjon om beskyttelse av menneskerettighetene og de

grunnleggende friheter av 4. november 1950 nr. 1 ...480 2003

Aug. 28. Konvensjon om Det europeiske skoginstituttet...483 2004

Juni 17. Revidert avtale mellom bestemte medlemsstater i Den europeiske romfartsorganisasjonen og Den europeiske romfartsorganisasjonen om et spesialprosjekt for oppskyting

av forskningsraketter...491 Sep. 15. Overenskomst mellom Norge og Bangladesh til unngåelse av dobbeltbeskatning og

forebyggelse av skatteunndragelse med hensyn til skatter av inntekt...515 Okt. 29. Avtale om endring av avtalen om den rettslige stilling for Nordisk Ministerråds sekretariat

og Nordisk Råds presidiesekretariat av 13. mai 1987 nr. 1...540 2005

Feb. 3. Rammeavtale om gjennomføring av EØS-finansieringsordningen 2004 – 2009 mellom

Norge, Island, Liechtenstein og Portugal...541 Apr. 12. Protokoll mellom Norge og Sveits om endring av overenskomst til unngåelse av

dobbeltbeskatning med hensyn til skatter av inntekt og av formue, samt protokoll

av 7. september 1987 nr. 2 ...555 Apr. 14. Rammeavtale mellom Norge og Litauen om gjennomføring av den norske

finansieringsordningen 2004 – 2009 etablert i samsvar med avtale av 14. oktober 2003

mellom Norge og Den europeiske union (EU)...566 Apr. 22. Rammeavtale om gjennomføring av EØS-finansieringsordningen 2004–2009 mellom

Island, Liechtenstein, Norge og Litauen ...582

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2. mai 1996 nr. 2

1996-endringsprotokollen til Konvensjon om begrensning av ansvaret for sjørettslige krav 1976 av 19. november 1976 nr. 3

I henhold til kgl.res. av 19. september 1997 ble protokollen undertegnet 25. september 1997. I henhold til kgl.res. av 18. juni 1999 ble protokollen ratifisert. Protokollen trådte i kraft 13. mai 2004. Det vises til Ot.prp.nr.90 (1998–1999) og Innst.O.nr.6 (1999–2000). Opprinnelig tekst publisert i NT V, s. 368, Overenskomster 1986, s. 1322.

Protocol of 1996 to amend the convention on limitation of liability for maritime claims, 1976

THE PARTIES TO THE PRESENT PROTOCOL

CONSIDERING that it is desirable to amend the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, done at London on 19 November 1976, to provide for enhanced compensation and to establish a simplified procedure for updating the limitation amounts

HAVE AGREED as follows:

Article 1 For the purposes of this Protocol:

1. «Convention» means the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976.

2. «Organization» means the International Maritime Organization.

3. «Secretary-General» means the Secretary-General of the Organization.

Article 2

Article 3, subparagraph (a) of the Convention is replaced by the following text:

a. claims for salvage, including, if applicable, any claim for special compensation under article 14 of the International Convention on Salvage 1989, as amended, or contribution in general average;

Article 3

Article 6, paragraph 1 of the Convention is replaced by the following text:

1. The limits of liability for claims other than those mentioned in article 7, arising on any distinct occasion, shall be calculated as follows:

a. in respect of claims for loss of life or personal injury,

i. 2 million Units of Account for a ship with a tonnage not exceeding 2,000 tons, ii. for a ship with a tonnage in excess thereof, the following amount in addition to that

mentioned in (i):

for each ton from 2,001 to 30,000 tons, 800 Units of Account;

for each ton from 30,001 to 70,000 tons, 600 Units of Account; and for each ton in excess of 70,000 tons, 400 Units of Account, b. in respect of any other claims,

i. 1 million Units of Account for at ship with a tonnage not exceeding 2,000 tons, ii. for at ship with a tonnage in excess thereof, the following amount in addition to that

mentioned in (i):

for each ton from 2,001 to 30,000 tons, 400 Units of Account;

for each ton from 30,001 to 70,000 tons, 300 Units of Account; and for each ton in excess of 70,000 tons, 200 Units of Account.

Article 4

1. In respect of claims arising on any distinct occasion for loss of life or personal injury to passengers of a ship, the limit of liability of the shipowner thereof shall be an amount of 175,000 Units of Account multiplied by the number of passengers which the ship is authorized to carry according to the ship»s certificate.

Article 5

2. Nevertheless, those States which are not members of the International Monetary Fund and whose law does not permit the application of the provisions of paragraph 1 may, at the time of signature

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2. mai 1996 nr. 2 448 Overenskomster nr. 4 2005

without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval or at the time of ratification, approval or accession or at any time thereafter, declare that the limits of liability provided for in this Convention to be applied in their territories shall be fixed as follows:

a. in respect of article 6, paragraph 1 (a), at a amount of:

i. 30 million monetary units for a ship with a tonnage not exceeding 2,000 tons;

ii. for a ship with a tonnage in excess thereof, the following amount in addition to that mentioned in (i):

for each ton from 2,001 to 30,000 tons, 12,000 monetary units;

for each ton from 30,001 to 70,000 tons, 9,000 monetary units; and for each ton in excess of 70,000 tons, 6,000 monetary units; and b. in respect of article 6, paragraph 1 (b), at an amount of:

i. 15 million monetary units for a ship with a tonnage not exceeding 2,000 tons;

ii. for a ship with a tonnage in excess thereof, the following amount in addition to that mentioned in (i):

for each ton from 2,001 to 30,000 tons, 6,000 monetary units;

for each ton from 30.001 to 70,000 tons, 4,500 monetary units; and for each ton in excess of 70,000 tons, 3,000 monetary units; and

c. in respect of article 7, paragraph 1, at an amount of 2,625,000 monetary units multiplied by the number of passengers which the ship is authorized to carry according to its certificate.

Paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 6 apply correspondingly to subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph.

Article 6

The following text is added as paragraph 3 bis in article 15 of the Convention:

3bis Notwithstanding the limit of liability prescribed in paragraph 1 of article 7, a State Party may regulate by specific provisions of national law the system of liability to be applied to claims for loss of life or personal injury to passengers of a ship, provided that the limit of liability is not lower than that prescribed in paragraph 1 of article 7. A State Party which makes use of the option provided for in this paragraph shall inform the Secretary-General of the limits of liability adopted or of the fact that there are none.

Article 7

1. Any State may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or at any time thereafter, reserve the right:

a. to exclude the application of article 2, paragraphs 1 (d) and (e);

b. to exclude claims for damage within the meaning of the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea, 1996 or of any amendment or protocol thereto.

No other reservations shall be admissible to the substantive provisions of this Convention.

Article 8 Amendment of limits

1. Upon the request of at least on half, but in no case less than six, of the States Parties to this Protocol, any proposal to amend the limits specified in article 6, paragraph 1, article 7, paragraph 1 and article 8, paragraph 2 of the Convention as amended by this Protocol shall be circulated by the Secretary-General to all Members of the Organization and to all Contracting States.

2. Any amendment proposed and circulated as above shall be submitted to the Legal Committee of the Organization (the Legal Committee) for consideration at a date at least six months after the date of its circulation.

3. All Contracting States to the Convention as amended by this Protocol, whether or not Members of the Organization, shall be entitled to participate in the proceedings of the Legal Committee for the consideration and adoption of amendments.

4. Amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Contracting States to the Convention as amended by this Protocol present and voting in the Legal Committee expanded as provided for in paragraph 3, on condition that at least on half of the Contracting States to the Convention as amended by this Protocol shall be present at the time of voting.

5. When acting on a proposal to amend the limits, the Legal Committee shall take into account the experience of incidents and, in particular, the amount of damage resulting therefrom, changes in the monetary values and the effect of the proposed amendment on the cost of insurance.

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6.

a. No amendment of the limits under this article may be considered less than five years from the date on which this Protocol was opened for signature nor less than five years from the date of entry into force of a previous amendment under this article.

b. No limit may be increased so as to exceed an amount which corresponds to the limit laid down in the Convention as amended by this Protocol increased by six per cent per year calculated on a compound basis from the date on which this Protocol was opened for signature.

c. No limit may be increased so as to exceed an amount which corresponds to the limit laid down in the Convention as amended by this Protocol multiplied by three.

7. Any amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 4 shall be notified by the Organization to all Contracting States. The amendment shall be deemed to have been accepted at the end of a period of eighteen months after the date of notification, unless within that period not less than one- fourth of the States that were Contracting States at the time of the adoption of the amendment have communicated to the Secretary-General that they do not accept the amendment, in which case the amendment is rejected and shall have no effect.

8. An amendment deemed to have been accepted in accordance with paragraph 7 shall enter into force eighteen months after its acceptance.

9. All Contracting States shall be bound by the amendment, unless they denounce this Protocol in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 12 at least six months before the amendment enters into force. Such denunciation shall take effect when the amendment enters into force.

10. When an amendment has been adopted but the eighteen-month period for its acceptance has not yet expired, a State which becomes a Contracting State during that period shall be bound by the amendment if it enters into force. A State which becomes a Contracting State after that period shall be bound by an amendment which has been accepted in accordance with paragraph 7. In the cases referred to in this paragraph, a State becomes bound by an amendment when that amendment enters into force, or when this Protocol enters into force for that State, if later.

Article 9

1. The Convention and this Protocol shall, as between the Parties to this Protocol, be read and interpreted together as one single instrument.

2. A State which is Party to this Protocol but not a Party to the Convention shall be bound by the provisions of the Convention as amended by this Protocol in relation to other States Parties hereto, but shall not be bound by the provisions of the Convention in relation to States Parties only to the Convention.

3. The Convention as amended by this Protocol shall apply only to claims arising out of occurrences which take place after the entry into force for each State of this Protocol.

4. Nothing in this Protocol shall affect the obligations of a State which is a Party both to the Convention and to this Protocol with respect to a State which is a Party to the Convention but not a Party to this Protocol.

Final clauses Article 10

Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession

1. This Protocol shall be open for signature at the Headquarters of the Organization from 1 October 1996 to 30 September 1997 by all States.

2. Any State may express its consent to be bound by this Protocol by:

a. signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or

b. signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or

c. accession

3. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General.

4. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the entry into force of an amendment to the Convention as amended by this Protocol shall be deemed to apply to the Convention so amended, as modified by such amendment.

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Article 11 Entry into force

1. This Protocol shall enter into force ninety days following the date on which ten States have expressed their consent to be bound by it.

2. For any State which expresses its consent to be bound by this Protocol after the conditions in paragraph 1 for entry into force have been met, this Protocol shall enter into force ninety days following the date of expression of such consent

Article 12 Denunciation

1. This Protocol may be denounced by any State Party at any time after the date on which it enters into force for that State Party.

2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of denunciation with the Secretary- General.

3. A denunciation shall take effect twelve months, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after its deposit with the Secretary-General.

4. As between the States Parties to this Protocol, denunciation by any of them of the Convention in accordance with article 19 thereof shall not be construed in any way as a denunciation of the Convention as amended by this Protocol.

Article 13

Revision and amendment

1. A conference for the purpose of revising or amending this Protocol may be convened by the Organization.

2. The Organization shall convene a conference of Contracting States to this Protocol for revising or amending it at the request of not less than one-third of the Contracting States.

Article 14 Depositary

1. This Protocol and any amendments adopted under article 8 shall be deposited with the Secretary- General.

2. The Secretary-General shall:

a. inform all States which have signed or acceded to this Protocol of:

i. each new signature or deposit of an instrument together with the date thereof;

ii. each declaration and communication under article 8, paragraph 2 of the Convention as amended by this Protocol, and article 8, paragraph 4 of the Convention;

iii. the date of entry into force of this Protocol;

iv. any proposal to amend limits which has been made in accordance with article 8, paragraph 1;

v. any amendment which has been adopted in accordance with article 8, paragraph 4;

vi. any amendment deemed to have been accepted under article 8, paragraph 7, together with the date on which that amendment shall enter into force in accordance with paragraphs 8 and 9 of that article;

vii. the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of this Protocol together with the date of the deposit and the date on which it takes effect:

b. transmit certified true copies of this Protocol to all Signatory States and to all States which accede to this Protocol.

3. As soon as this Protocol enters into force, the text shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article 15 Languages

This Protocol is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, English, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic.

DONE AT LONDON this second day of May one thousand nine hundred and ninety-six.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments for that purpose, have signed this Protocol.

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1996 endringsprotokollen til Konvensjon om begrensning av ansvaret for sjørettslig krav, 1976

DE KONTRAHERENDE STATER,

SOM HAR ERKJENT det ønskelige i å endre Konvensjon om begrensning av ansvaret for sjørettslige krav, vedtatt i London 19 november 1976, for å muliggjøre økt erstatning og for å skape forenklede prosedyrer for å oppdatere begrensningsbeløpene,

HAR BLITT ENIGE om følgende:

Artikkel 1 I denne protokollen skal:

1. «Konvensjon» bety Konvensjon om begrensning av ansvaret for sjørettslige krav, 1976.

2. «Organisasjon» bety den Internasjonale sjøfartsorganisasjon.

3. «Generalsekretær» bety Organisasjonens Generalsekretær.

Artikkel 2

Artikkel 3, subparagraf (a) i konvensjonen erstattes med følgende tekst:

a. krav på bergelønn, herunder, hvis anvendelig, krav på særlig vederlag etter artikkel 14 i Internasjonal konvensjon om berging, 1989 med senere endringer, eller bidrag i felleshavari.

Artikkel 3 Artikkel 6, paragraf 1 i konvensjonen erstattes med følgende tekst:

1. Ansvarsgrensene for krav oppstått ved en og samme hendelse, unntatt krav som nevnt i artikkel 7, skal beregnes slik:

a. for så vidt angår krav for tap av liv eller skade på person,

i. 2 millioner regneenheter for et skip med tonnasje ikke over 2.000 tonn, ii. for et skip med større tonnasje, følgende beløp i tillegg til det som er nevnt i (i):

for hvert tonn fra 2.001 til 30.000 tonn, 800 regneenheter;

for hvert tonn over 70.000 tonn, 400 regneenheter, b. for så vidt angår andre krav,

i. 1 million regneenheter for et skip med tonnasje ikke over 2.000 tonn,

ii. for et skip med størrre tonnasje; følgende beløp i tillegg til det som er nevnt i (i):

for hvert tonn fra 30.001 til 70.000 tonn, 300 regneenheter; og for hvert tonn over 70.000 tonn, 200 regneenheter.

1. For krav oppstått ved en og samme hendelse i anledning av at passasjerer på et skip har mistet livet eller fått personskade skal skipseierens ansvarsgrense være et beløp på 175.000 regneenheter multiplisert med det antall passasjerer som skipet er tillatt å befordre ifølge skipets sertifikat.

2. Dog kan de stater som ikke er medlemmer av Det internasjonale valutafond, og hvis lov ikke tillater anvendelsen av bestemmelsene i paragraf 1, erklære ved undertegning uten forbehold om ratifikasjon, vedtagelse eller godkjennelse, eller ved ratifikasjon, vedtagelse, godkjennelse eller tiltredelse eller når som helst senere – at de ansvarsgrenser omhandlet i denne konvensjon som skal anvendes innen deres områder, skal fastsettes slik:

a. for så vidt angår artikkel 6 paragraf 1 (a), til et beløp på:

i. 30 millioner monetære enheter for et skip med en tonnasje ikke over 2.000 tonn;

ii. for et skip med større tonnasje, følgende beløp i tillegg til det som er nevnt i (i):

for hvert tonn fra 2.001 til 30.000 tonn, 12.000 monetære enheter;

for hvert tonn over 70.000 tonn, 6.000 monetære enheter; og b. for så vidt angår artikkel 6 paragraf 1 (b) til et beløp på:

i. 15 millioner monetære enheter for et skip med en tonnasje ikke over 2.000 tonn;

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ii. for et skip med større tonnasje, følgende beløp i tillegg til det som er nevnt i (i):

for hvert tonn fra 30.001 til 70.000 tonn, 4.500 monetære enheter; og for hvert tonn over 70.000 tonn, 3.000 monetære enheter; og

c. for så vidt angår artikkel 7 paragraf 1, til et beløp på 2.625.000 monetære enheter multiplisert med det antall passasjerer som skipet er tillatt å befordre ifølge sitt sertifikat.

Paragrafene 2 og 3 i artikkel 6 gjelder tilsvarende i forhold til subparagraf (a) og (b) i denne paragraf.

Artikkel 6

Følgende legges til som paragraf 3 bis i artikkel 15 i konvensjonen:

3bis Uansett ansvarsgrensene i artikkel 7 paragraf 1, kan en kontraherende stat ved særlige nasjonale bestemmelser regulere det ansvarssystem som skal anvendes på krav for tap av liv eller skade på person hos et skips passasjerer, dog slik at ansvarsgrensene ikke skal være lavere enn det som følger av artikkel 7 paragraf 1. En kontraherende stat som benytter seg av den muligheten denne paragrafen gir, skal informere generalsekretæren om de ansvarsgrenser som er besluttet eller om det forhold at det ikke gjelder noen ansvarsgrenser.

Artikkel 7

Artikkel 18, paragraf 1 i konvensjonen erstattes med følgende tekst:

1. Enhver stat kan ved undertegningen, ratifikasjon, vedtagelsen, godkjennelsen eller tiltredelsen, forbeholde seg rett til:

a. å utelukke anvendelsen av artikkel 2 paragraf 1 (d) og (e);

b. å utelukke krav for skade innenfor rammen av Den internasjonale konvensjon om ansvar og erstatning for skade i forbindelse med sjøtransport av farlige og skadelige stoffer, 1996, eller noen protokoll til denne.

Ingen andre forbehold skal være tillatt når det gjelder de materielle bestemmelser i denne konvensjon.

Artikkel 8

Endring av ansvarsgrenser

1. På forlangende av minst en halvdel, men aldri mindre enn seks, kontraherende stater, skal generalsekretæren la ethvert forslag om endringer av ansvarsgrensene i artikkel 6 paragraf 1, artikkel 7 paragraf 1, og artikkel 8 paragraf 2 i denne konvensjonen, slik den er endret ved denne protokoll, sirkulere til alle Organisasjonens medlemmer og til alle kontraherende stater.

2. Enhver endring som blir foreslått og resirkulert slik det er nevnt ovenfor skal sendes til Organisasjonens juridiske komité for vurdering tidligst seks måneder etter sirkulasjonsdatoen.

3. Alle kontraherende stater til konvensjonen, slik den er endret av denne protokoll, uten hensyn til om disse er medlemmer av Organisasjonen eller ikke, skal ha rett til å delta under saksbehandlingen til den juridiske komité for vurdering og vedtagelse av endringer.

4. Endringer skal vedtas med to tredelers majoritet av de kontraherende stater som er til stede og stemmer i den juridiske komité, utvidet slik det er bestemt i paragraf 3, under forutsetning av at minst halvparten av de kontraherende stater er til stede ved avstemningen.

5. Ved behandling av et forslag om endring av ansvarsgrensene skal komitéen vurdere erfaring med hensyn til ulykker, spesielt størrelsen av de skader disse har resultert i, endringer i pengeverdien og virkningen som den foreslåtte endringen vil få på forsikringspremiene.

6.

a. Ingen endring i ansvarsgrensene etter denne artikkel kan vurderes før fem år etter den dag denne protokoll ble åpnet for signatur og tidligst fem år etter en foregående endring etter denne artikkel trådte ikraft.

b. Ingen ansvarsgrense kan heves slik at den overstiger et beløp som tilsvarer den begrensning som er fastsatt i konvensjonen, slik den er endret av denne protokoll, med en seks prosents økning pr år beregnet på akkumulert basis fra den dag denne protokoll ble åpnet for signatur.

c. Ingen ansvarsgrense kan heves slik at den overstiger et beløp som tilsvarer den begrensning som er fastsatt i konvensjonen, slik den er endret av denne protokoll, multiplisert med tre.

7. Organisasjonen skal gi melding om enhver endring som er vedtatt i samsvar med paragraf 4 til alle kontraherende stater. Endringen skal anses å være vedtatt etter en periode på atten måneder fra den dag meldingen ble gitt, med mindre minst en fjerdedel av statene som var kontraherende stater på det tidspunkt da endringen ble vedtatt av komitéen har underrettet generalsekretæren i løpet av denne periode om at de ikke vedtar endringen. I så tilfelle blir endringen forkastet og får ingen virkning.

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8. En endring som anses å være vedtatt i samsvar med paragraf 7 trer i kraft atten måneder etter vedtagelsen.

9. Alle kontraherende stater skal være bundet av endringen med mindre de sier opp denne protokoll etter paragraf 1 og 2 i artikkel 12 minst seks måneder før endringen trer i kraft. En slik oppsigelse gjelder fra det tidspunkt endringen trer i kraft.

10. Når en endring er blitt vedtatt, men atten måneders perioden for dens vedtagelse enda ikke er utløpt, skal en stat som i løpet av denne perioden blir en kontraherende stat være bundet av endringen hvis den trer i kraft. En stat som blir en kontraherende stat etter at denne perioden er utløpt, skal være bundet av en endring som er blitt vedtatt etter paragraf 7. I de tilfeller som er nevnt i denne paragraf blir en stat bundet av en endring når endringen trer i kraft, eller når denne protokoll trer i kraft for vedkommende stat, dersom dette skjer på et senere tidspunkt.

Artikkel 9

1. Konvensjonen og denne protokoll skal, i forhold som angår protokollpartene, leses og tolkes sammen som ett enkeltstående dokument.

2. En stat som er part i denne protokoll men ikke part i konvensjonen, er bundet av bestemmelsene i konvensjonen, slik den er endret av denne protokoll, i forhold til andre parter i protokollen, men er ikke bundet av bestemmelsene i konvensjonen i forhold til stater som bare er part i konvensjonen.

3. Konvensjonen, slik den er endret ved denne protokoll, skal bare gjelde for krav som oppstår ved hendelser som finner sted etter at denne protokoll trer ikraft for hver stat som er part i protokollen.

4. Intet i denne protokoll skal innvirke på forpliktelsene til en stat som er part i både konvensjonen og denne protokoll, i forhold til en stat som er part i konvensjonen men ikke part i denne protokoll.

Avsluttende bestemmelser Artikkel 10

Undertegning, ratifikasjon mv

1. Denne protokoll er åpen for signatur ved Organisasjonens hovedkontor fra 1 oktober 1996 til 30 september 1997 for alle stater.

2. En hvilken som helst stat kan slutte seg til denne protokoll ved:

a. undertegning uten forbehold om ratifikasjon, vedtagelse eller godkjennelse; eller

b. undertegning med forbehold om ratifikasjon, vedtagelse, godkjennelse etterfulgt av ratifikasjon, vedtagelse eller godkjennelse eller;

c. tiltredelse.

3. Ratifikasjon, vedtagelse, godkjennelse eller tiltredelse skjer ved å deponere et dokument med dette innhold hos generalsekretæren.

4. Dokument vedrørende ratifikasjon, vedtagelse, godkjennelse eller tiltredelse som deponeres etter at en endring av konvensjonen, slik den er endret av denne protokoll, skal anses å gjelde den endrede konvensjon slik den er endret.

Artikkel 11 Ikrafttreden

1. Denne protokoll trer ikraft nitti dager etter den dato da ti stater har gitt uttrykk for sin tilslutning til å bli bundet av den.

2. For enhver stat som gir uttrykk for sin tilslutning til å bli bundet av denne protokoll etter at vilkårene i paragraf 1 vedrørende ikrafttreden er oppfylt, trer denne protokoll ikraft nitti dager etter at staten har gitt uttrykk for slik tilslutning.

Artikkel 12 Oppsigelse

1. Denne protokoll kan sies opp av en part når som helst etter at den har trådt ikraft for vedkommende stat.

2. Oppsigelse skjer ved deponering av et oppsigelsesdokument hos generalsekretæren.

3. Oppsigelse trer i kraft tolv måneder etter at oppsigelsesdokumentet ble deponert hos generalsekretæren, eller på et senere tidspunkt som i tilfelle er angitt i dokumentet.

4. I forhold mellom partene i denne protokoll skal ikke en oppsigelse av konvensjonen etter konvensjonens artikkel 19 oppfattes som en oppsigelse av konvensjonen slik den er endret ved denne protokoll.

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Artikkel 13 Revidering og endring

1. Organisasjonen kan sammenkalle til en konferanse for å revidere eller endre denne protokoll.

2. Organisasjonen skal på forlangende av minst en tredel av de kontraherende stater til denne protokoll sammenkalle til en konferanse med det formål å revidere eller endre denne protokoll.

Artikkel 14 Depositar

1. Denne protokoll og eventuelle endringer vedtatt etter artikkel 8 skal deponeres hos generalsekretæren.

2. Generalsekretæren skal:

a. underette alle stater som har undertegnet eller tiltrådt denne protokollen, om:

i. enhver ny undertegning eller deponering av et instrument, samt datoen for den;

ii. enhver erklæring og underretning etter artikkel 8 paragraf 2 i konvensjonen, slik den er endret ved denne protokoll. og artikkel 8 paragraf 4 i konvensjonen;

iii. datoen for ikrafttredelse av denne protokoll;

iv. ethvert forslag om å endre ansvarsgrensene som er fremmet etter artikkel 8 paragraf 1;

v. enhver endring som er blitt vedtatt etter artikkel 8 paragraf 4;

vi. enhver endring som anses å være vedtatt etter artikkel 8 paragraf 7, samt hvilken dag endringen trer ikraft i samsvar med artikkelens paragrafs 8 og 9;

vii. enhver deponering av dokument vedrørende oppsigelse av denne protokoll samt deponeringsdatoen og ikrafttredelsesdatoen;

b. oversende bekreftede kopier av denne protokoll til alle stater som har undertegnet den og til alle stater som tiltrer den.

3. Så snart denne protokoll har trådt ikraft, skal generalsekretæren overlevere teksten til De Forente Nasjoners sekretariat for registrering og offentliggjøring i samsvar med artikkel 102 i De Forente Nasjoners Pakt.

Artikkel 15 Språk

Denne protokoll er utferdiget i en eneste original på arabisk, kinesisk, engelsk, fransk, russisk og spansk, der hver tekst har samme gyldighet.

UTFERDIGET I LONDON, den andre dag i mai i nitten hundre og nittiseks.

TIL BEKREFTELSE HERAV har nedenstående befullmektigede, som er behørig bemyndighet dertil av sine respektive regjeringer, undertegnet denne protokoll.

22. juni 1998 nr. 1

Protokoll om endring av Europeisk konvensjon om beskyttelse av virveldyr som brukes til eksperimenter og andre vitenskapelige formål

av 18. mars 1986 nr. 1

I henhold til vedtak i Utenriksdepartementet 7. desember 1998 ble protokollen undertegnet 17. desember 1998. I henhold til kgl.res.

av 30. august 2002 ble protokollen ratifisert. Protokollen trådte i kraft 2. desember 2005. Opprinnelig tekst publisert i Overenskomster 1991, s. 4.

Protocol of Amendment to the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes

The member States of the Council of Europe and the European Community, signatories to this Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes, opened for signature in Strasbourg, on 18 March 1986 (hereinafter referred to as «the Convention»),

Having regard to the Convention which includes general provisions designed to safeguard animals intended to be used for scientific purposes from suffering, pain and distress, and to the member States' resolve to limit the use of animals for experimental and other scientific purposes, with the aim of replacing such use whenever possible, in particular by seeking alternative measures and encouraging the use of these alternative measures;

Considering the technical nature of the provisions included in the appendices to the Convention;

(12)

Acknowledging the need to ensure their consistency with the results of research in the fields covered, Have agreed as follows:

Article 1 Article 30 of the Convention shall be amended as follows:

«1 The Parties shall, within five years from the entry into force of this Convention and every five years thereafter, or more frequently if a majority of the Parties should so request, hold multilateral consultations within the Council of Europe to examine the application of this Convention, and the advisability of revising it or extending any of its provisions.

2 These consultations shall take place at meetings convened by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The Parties shall communicate the name of their representative to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe at least two months before each meeting.

3 Subject to the provisions of this Convention, the Parties shall draw up the rules of procedure for the consultations.»

Article 2

The Convention shall be supplemented by a new Part XI: «Amendments» including a new Article 31 as follows:

«1 Any amendment to Appendices A and B, proposed by a Party or by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him to the member States of the Council of Europe, to the European Community and to any non-member State which has acceded to, or has been invited to accede to the Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 34.

2 Any amendments proposed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be examined, not less than six months after the date of forwarding by the Secretary General, at a multilateral consultation where it may be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Parties. The text adopted shall be forwarded to the Parties.

3 Twelve months after its adoption at a multilateral consultation, any amendment shall enter into force unless one third of the Parties have notified objections.»

Article 3

Articles 31 to 37 of the Convention shall become Articles 32 to 38 respectively.

Article 4

1 This Protocol shall be open for signature by the Signatories to the Convention, which may become Parties to this Protocol by:

a signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or

b signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval.

2 A Signatory of the Convention may not sign this Protocol without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval, nor deposit an instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, unless it has already deposited or simultaneously deposits an instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the Convention.

3 States which have acceded to the Convention may also accede to this Protocol.

4 The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

Article 5

This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which all the Parties to the Convention have become Parties to this Protocol in accordance with Article 4.

Article 6

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the member States of the Council of Europe, the other Parties to the Convention and the European Community of:

a any signature without reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or approval;

b any signature with reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or approval;

c any deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;

d any date of entry into force of this Protocol in accordance with Article 5 thereof;

e any other act, notification or communication relating to this Protocol.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Protocol.

(13)

Done at Strasbourg, this 22nd day of June 1998, in English and in French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of Europe, to the other Parties to the Convention and to the European Community.

Protokoll om endring av Europeisk konvensjon om beskyttelse av virveldyr som brukes til eksperimenter og andre vitenskapelige formål

Europarådets medlemsstater og Det europeiske fellesskap, som har undertegnet denne protokoll til Europeisk konvensjon om beskyttelse av virveldyr som brukes til eksperimenter og andre vitenskapelige formål, åpnet for undertegning i Strasbourg 18. mars 1986 (heretter kalt konvensjonen),

under henvisning til konvensjonen, som har generelle bestemmelser utformet med sikte på å unngå lidelse, smerte og angst hos forsøksdyr, og til medlemsstatenes faste beslutning om å begrense bruken av dyr til eksperimenter og andre vitenskapelige formål og ta sikte på å erstatte slik bruk med alternative metoder når det er mulig, og oppmuntre til bruk av slike alternative metoder,

som tar i betraktning at bestemmelsene i vedleggene til konvensjonen er av teknisk art,

som erkjenner nødvendigheten av å sikre at de samsvarer med forskningsresultatene på de aktuelle områder,

er enige om følgende:

Artikkel 1 Artikkel 30 i konvensjonen skal lyde:

«1 Partene skal innen fem år etter at denne konvensjon er trådt i kraft, og deretter hvert femte år, eller oftere dersom et flertall av partene ønsker det, holde multilaterale konsultasjoner innenfor Europarådet for å gjennomgå anvendelsen av konvensjonen og undersøke om det er tilrådelig å revidere den eller utvide noen av dens bestemmelser.

2 Disse konsultasjoner skal finne sted på møter sammenkalt av Europarådets generalsekretær.

Partene skal underrette Europarådets generalsekretær om navnet på sin representant minst to måneder før møtene finner sted.

3 Med forbehold for bestemmelsene i denne konvensjon skal partene fastsette forretningsorden for konsultasjonene.»

Artikkel 2

Konvensjonen utfylles med ny del XI, «Endringer», der ny artikkel 31 skal lyde:

«1 Enhver endring av vedlegg A og B som foreslås av en part eller av Ministerkomiteen i Europarådet, skal meddeles Europarådets generalsekretær, som skal oversende den til Europarådets medlemsstater, til Det europeiske fellesskap og til enhver ikke-medlemsstat som har tiltrådt, eller som er gitt anledning til å tiltre konvensjonen i samsvar med bestemmelsene i artikkel 34.

2 Enhver endring foreslått i samsvar med bestemmelsene i foregående ledd skal, minst seks måneder etter den dag den ble oversendt av Generalsekretæren, gjennomgås ved en multilateral konsultasjon, der endringen kan vedtas med et flertall på to tredjedeler av partene. Den vedtatte teksten skal oversendes til partene.

3 Enhver endring skal tre i kraft tolv måneder etter at den er vedtatt ved en multilateral konsultasjon, med mindre en tredjedel av partene har gitt melding om at de har innvendinger.»

Artikkel 3 Artikkel 31 – 37 i konvensjonen blir artikkel 32 – 38.

Artikkel 4

1 Denne protokoll skal være åpen for undertegning av konvensjonens signatarer, som kan bli part i denne protokoll ved:

a undertegning uten forbehold om ratifikasjon, godkjenning eller godtakelse, eller

b undertegning med forbehold om ratifikasjon, godkjenning eller godtakelse, etterfulgt av ratifikasjon, godkjenning eller godtakelse.

2 En signatar til konvensjonen kan ikke undertegne denne protokoll uten forbehold om ratifikasjon, godkjenning eller godtakelse, eller deponere et ratifikasjons-, godkjennings- eller godtakelsesdokument, med mindre den allerede har deponert, eller samtidig deponerer, et dokument som ratifiserer, godkjenner eller godtar konvensjonen.

3 Stater som har tiltrådt konvensjonen, kan også tiltre denne protokoll.

4 Ratifikasjons-, godkjennings-, godtakelses- eller tiltredelsesdokumentene skal deponeres hos Europarådets generalsekretær.

(14)

Artikkel 5

Denne protokoll skal tre i kraft den trettiende dagen etter den dag alle parter i konvensjonen er blitt part i protokollen i samsvar med bestemmelsene i artikkel 4.

Artikkel 6

Europarådets generalsekretær skal underrette Europarådets medlemsstater, de øvrige parter i konvensjonen, samt Det europeiske fellesskap, om:

a enhver undertegning uten forbehold om ratifikasjon, godkjenning eller godtakelse, b enhver undertegning med forbehold om ratifikasjon, godkjenning eller godtakelse,

c enhver deponering av et ratifikasjons-, godkjennings-, godtakelses- eller tiltredelsesdokument, d enhver dato for denne protokolls ikrafttredelse i samsvar med dens artikkel 5,

e enhver annen rettsakt, underretning eller meddelelse knyttet til denne protokoll.

Som bekreftelse på dette har de undertegnede, som er gitt behørig fullmakt til det, undertegnet denne protokoll.

Utferdiget i Strasbourg 22. juni 1998 på engelsk og fransk, med samme gyldighet for begge tekster, i ett eksemplar som skal deponeres i Europarådets arkiver. Europarådets generalsekretær skal oversende bekreftede kopier til Europarådets medlemsstater, til konvensjonens øvrige parter og til Det europeiske fellesskap.

17. juni 1999 nr. 2

Protokoll om vann og helse til Konvensjon om beskyttelse og bruk av

grenseoverskridende vassdrag og internasjonale innsjøer av 17. mars 1992 nr. 1

I henhold til kgl.res. av 11. juni 1999 ble protokollen undertegnet 17. juni 1999. I henhold til kgl.res. av 12. desember 2001 ble protokollen ratifisert. Protokollen trådte i kraft 4. august 2005. Opprinnelig tekst publisert i Overenskomster 1996 s. 1324.

Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes

The Parties to this Protocol,

Mindful that water is essential to sustain life and that the availability of water in quantities, and of a quality, sufficient to meet basic human needs is a prerequisite both for improved health and for sustainable development,

Acknowledging the benefits to human health and well-being that accrue from wholesome and clean water and a harmonious and properly functioning water environment,

Aware that surface waters and groundwater are renewable resources with a limited capacity to recover from adverse impacts from human activities on their quantity and quality, that any failure to respect those limits may result in adverse effects, in both the short and long terms, on the health and well-being of those who rely on those resources and their quality, and that in consequence sustainable management of the hydrological cycle is essential for both meeting human needs and protecting the environment,

Aware also of the consequences for public health of shortfalls of water in the quantities, and of the quality, sufficient to meet basic human needs, and of the serious effects of such shortfalls, in particular on the vulnerable, the disadvantaged and the socially excluded,

Conscious that the prevention, control and reduction of water-related disease are important and urgent tasks which can only be satisfactorily discharged by enhanced cooperation at all levels and among all sectors, both within countries and between States,

Conscious also that surveillance of water-related disease and the establishment of early-warning systems and response systems are important aspects of the prevention, control and reduction of water- related disease,

Basing themselves upon the conclusions of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), in particular the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21, as well as upon the programme for the further implementation of Agenda 21 (New York, 1997) and the consequent decision of the Commission on Sustainable Development on the sustainable management of freshwater (New York, 1998),

Deriving inspiration from the relevant provisions of the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes and emphasizing the need both to encourage more widespread application of those provisions and to complement that Convention with further measures to strengthen the protection of public health,

(15)

Taking note of the 1991 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, the 1992 Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, the 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses and the 1998 Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters,

Further taking note of the pertinent principles, targets and recommendations of the 1989 European Charter on Environment and Health, the 1994 Helsinki Declaration on Environment and Health, and the Ministerial declarations, recommendations and resolutions of the «Environment for Europe» process,

Recognizing the sound basis and relevance of other environmental initiatives, instruments and processes in Europe, as well as the preparation and implementation of National Environment and Health Action Plans and of National Environment Action Plans,

Commending the efforts already undertaken by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization to strengthen bilateral and multilateral cooperation for the prevention, control and reduction of water-related disease,

Encouraged by the many examples of positive achievements by the States members of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the States members of the Regional Committee for Europe of the World Health Organization in abating pollution and in maintaining and restoring water environments capable of supporting human health and well-being,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this Protocol is to promote at all appropriate levels, nationally as well as in transboundary and international contexts, the protection of human health and well-being, both individual and collective, within a framework of sustainable development, through improving water management, including the protection of water ecosystems, and through preventing, controlling and reducing water- related disease.

Article 2 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Protocol,

1. «Water-related disease» means any significant adverse effects on human health, such as death, disability, illness or disorders, caused directly or indirectly by the condition, or changes in the quantity or quality, of any waters;

2. «Drinking water» means water which is used, or intended to be available for use, by humans for drinking, cooking, food preparation, personal hygiene or similar purposes;

3. «Groundwater» means all water which is below the surface of the ground in the saturation zone and in direct contact with the ground or subsoil;

4. «Enclosed waters» means artificially created water bodies separated from surface freshwater or coastal water, whether within or outside a building;

5. «Transboundary waters» means any surface or ground waters which mark, cross or are located on boundaries between two or more States; wherever transboundary waters flow directly into the sea, these transboundary waters end at a straight line across their respective mouths between points on the low-water line of their banks;

6. «Transboundary effects of water-related disease» means any significant adverse effects on human health, such as death, disability, illness or disorders, in an area under the jurisdiction of one Party, caused directly or indirectly by the condition, or changes in the quantity or quality, of waters in an area under the jurisdiction of another Party, whether or not such effects constitute a transboundary impact;

7. «Transboundary impact» means any significant adverse effect on the environment resulting from a change in the conditions of transboundary waters caused by a human activity, the physical origin of which is situated wholly or in part within an area under the jurisdiction of a Party to the Convention, within an area under the jurisdiction of another Party to the Convention. Such effects on the environment include effects on human health and safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate, landscape, and historical monuments or other physical structures or the interaction among these factors; they also include effects on the cultural heritage or socio-economic conditions resulting from alterations to those factors;

8. «Sanitation» means the collection, transport, treatment and disposal or reuse of human excreta or domestic waste water, whether through collective systems or by installations serving a single household or undertaking;

(16)

9. «Collective system» means:

(a) A system for the supply of drinking water to a number of households or undertakings; and/or (b) A system for the provision of sanitation which serves a number of households or undertakings and, where appropriate, also provides for the collection, transport, treatment and disposal or reuse of industrial waste water,

whether provided by a body in the public sector, an undertaking in the private sector or by a partnership between the two sectors;

10. «Water-management plan» means a plan for the development, management, protection and/or use of the water within a territorial area or groundwater aquifer, including the protection of the associated ecosystems;

11. «The public» means one or more natural or legal persons, and, in accordance with national legislation or practice, their associations, organizations or groups;

12. «Public authority» means:

(a) Government at national, regional and other levels;

(b) Natural or legal persons performing public administrative functions under national law, including specific duties, activities or services in relation to the environment, public health, sanitation, water management or water supply;

(c) Any other natural or legal persons having public responsibilities or functions, or providing public services, under the control of a body or person falling within subparagraphs (a) or (b) above;

(d) The institutions of any regional economic integration organization referred to in article 21 which is a Party.

This definition does not include bodies or institutions acting in a judicial or legislative capacity;

13. «Local» refers to all relevant levels of territorial unit below the level of the State;

14. «Convention» means the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, done at Helsinki on 17 March 1992;

15. «Meeting of the Parties to the Convention» means the body established by the Parties to the Convention in accordance with its article 17;

16. «Party» means, unless the text otherwise indicates, a State or a regional economic integration organization referred to in article 21 which has consented to be bound by this Protocol and for which this Protocol is in force;

17. «Meeting of the Parties» means the body established by the Parties in accordance with article 16.

Article 3 SCOPE The provisions of this Protocol shall apply to:

(a) Surface freshwater;

(b) Groundwater;

(c) Estuaries;

(d) Coastal waters which are used for recreation or for the production of fish by aquaculture or for the production or harvesting of shellfish;

(e) Enclosed waters generally available for bathing;

(f) Water in the course of abstraction, transport, treatment or supply;

(g) Waste water throughout the course of collection, transport, treatment and discharge or reuse.

Article 4

GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The Parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent, control and reduce water-related disease within a framework of integrated water-management systems aimed at sustainable use of water resources, ambient water quality which does not endanger human health, and protection of water ecosystems.

2. The Parties shall, in particular, take all appropriate measures for the purpose of ensuring:

(a) Adequate supplies of wholesome drinking water which is free from any micro-organisms, parasites and substances which, owing to their numbers or concentration, constitute a potential danger to human health. This shall include the protection of water resources which are used as sources of drinking water, treatment of water and the establishment, improvement and maintenance of collective systems;

(b) Adequate sanitation of a standard which sufficiently protects human health and the environment. This shall in particular be done through the establishment, improvement and maintenance of collective systems;

(17)

(c) Effective protection of water resources used as sources of drinking water, and their related water ecosystems, from pollution from other causes, including agriculture, industry and other discharges and emissions of hazardous substances. This shall aim at the effective reduction and elimination of discharges and emissions of substances judged to be hazardous to human health and water ecosystems;

(d) Sufficient safeguards for human health against water-related disease arising from the use of water for recreational purposes, from the use of water for aquaculture, from the water in which shellfish are produced or from which they are harvested, from the use of waste water for irrigation or from the use of sewage sludge in agriculture or aquaculture;

(e) Effective systems for monitoring situations likely to result in outbreaks or incidents of water- related disease and for responding to such outbreaks and incidents and to the risk of them.

3. Subsequent references in this Protocol to «drinking water» and «sanitation» are to drinking water and sanitation that are required to meet the requirements of paragraph 2 of this article.

4. The Parties shall base all such measures upon an assessment of any proposed measure in respect of all its implications, including the benefits, disadvantages and costs, for:

(a) Human health;

(b) Water resources; and (c) Sustainable development,

which takes account of the differing new impacts of any proposed measure on the different environmental mediums.

5. The Parties shall take all appropriate action to create legal, administrative and economic frameworks which are stable and enabling and within which the public, private and voluntary sectors can each make its contribution to improving water management for the purpose of preventing, controlling and reducing water-related disease.

6. The Parties shall require public authorities which are considering taking action, or approving the taking by others of action, that may have a significant impact on the environment of any waters within the scope of this Protocol to take due account of any potential impact of that action on public health.

7. Where a Party is a Party to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, compliance by public authorities of that Party with the requirements of that Convention in relation to a proposed action shall satisfy the requirement under paragraph 6 of this article in respect of that action.

8. The provisions of this Protocol shall not affect the rights of Parties to maintain, adopt or implement more stringent measures than those set down in this Protocol.

9. The provisions of this Protocol shall not affect the rights and obligations of any Party to this Protocol deriving from the Convention or any other existing international agreement, except where the requirements under this Protocol are more stringent than the corresponding requirements under the Convention or that other existing international agreement.

Article 5

PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES

In taking measures to implement this Protocol, the Parties shall be guided in particular by the following principles and approaches:

(a) The precautionary principle, by virtue of which action to prevent, control or reduce water- related disease shall not be postponed on the ground that scientific research has not fully proved a causal link between the factor at which such action is aimed, on the one hand, and the potential contribution of that factor to the prevalence of water-related disease and/or transboundary impacts, on the other hand;

(b) The polluter-pays principle, by virtue of which costs of pollution prevention, control and reduction shall be borne by the polluter;

(c) States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;

(d) Water resources shall be managed so that the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs;

(e) Preventive action should be taken to avoid outbreaks and incidents of water-related disease and to protect water resources used as sources of drinking water because such action addresses the harm more efficiently and can be more cost-effective than remedial action;

(18)

(f) Action to manage water resources should be taken at the lowest appropriate administrative level;

(g) Water has social, economic and environmental values and should therefore be managed so as to realize the most acceptable and sustainable combination of those values;

(h) Efficient use of water should be promoted through economic instruments and awareness- building;

(i) Access to information and public participation in decision-making concerning water and health are needed, inter alia, in order to enhance the quality and the implementation of the decisions, to build public awareness of issues, to give the public the opportunity to express its concerns and to enable public authorities to take due account of such concerns. Such access and participation should be supplemented by appropriate access to judicial and administrative review of relevant decisions;

(j) Water resources should, as far as possible, be managed in an integrated manner on the basis of catchment areas, with the aims of linking social and economic development to the protection of natural ecosystems and of relating water-resource management to regulatory measures concerning other environmental mediums. Such an integrated approach should apply across the whole of a catchment area, whether transboundary or not, including its associated coastal waters, the whole of a groundwater aquifer or the relevant parts of such a catchment area or groundwater aquifer;

(k) Special consideration should be given to the protection of people who are particularly vulnerable to water-related disease;

(l) Equitable access to water, adequate in terms both of quantity and of quality, should be provided for all members of the population, especially those who suffer a disadvantage or social exclusion;

(m) As a counterpart to their rights and entitlements to water under private law and public law, natural and legal persons and institutions, whether in the public sector or the private sector, should contribute to the protection of the water environment and the conservation of water resources; and

(n) In implementing this Protocol, due account should be given to local problems, needs and knowledge.

Article 6

TARGETS AND TARGET DATES

1. In order to achieve the objective of this Protocol, the Parties shall pursue the aims of:

(a) Access to drinking water for everyone;

(b) Provision of sanitation for everyone

within a framework of integrated water-management systems aimed at sustainable use of water resources, ambient water quality which does not endanger human health, and protection of water ecosystems.

2. For these purposes, the Parties shall each establish and publish national and/or local targets for the standards and levels of performance that need to be achieved or maintained for a high level of protection against water-related disease. These targets shall be periodically revised. In doing all this, they shall make appropriate practical and/or other provisions for public participation, within a transparent and fair framework, and shall ensure that due account is taken of the outcome of the public participation. Except where national or local circumstances make them irrelevant for preventing, controlling and reducing water-related disease, the targets shall cover, inter alia:

(a) The quality of the drinking water supplied, taking into account the Guidelines for drinking- water quality of the World Health Organization;

(b) The reduction of the scale of outbreaks and incidents of water-related disease;

(c) The area of territory, or the population sizes or proportions, which should be served by collective systems for the supply of drinking water or where the supply of drinking water by other means should be improved;

(d) The area of territory, or the population sizes or proportions, which should be served by collective systems of sanitation or where sanitation by other means should be improved;

(e) The levels of performance to be achieved by such collective systems and by such other means of water supply and sanitation respectively;

(f) The application of recognized good practice to the management of water supply and sanitation, including the protection of waters used as sources for drinking water;

(19)

(g) The occurrence of discharges of:

(i) Untreated waste water; and (ii) Untreated storm water overflows

from waste-water collection systems to waters within the scope of this Protocol;

(h) The quality of discharges of waste water from waste-water treatment installations to waters within the scope of this Protocol;

(i) The disposal or reuse of sewage sludge from collective systems of sanitation or other sanitation installations and the quality of waste water used for irrigation purposes, taking into account the Guidelines for the safe use of waste water and excreta in agriculture and aquaculture of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme;

(j) The quality of waters which are used as sources for drinking water, which are generally used for bathing or which are used for aquaculture or for the production or harvesting of shellfish;

(k) The application of recognized good practice to the management of enclosed waters generally available for bathing;

(l) The identification and remediation of particularly contaminated sites which adversely affect waters within the scope of this Protocol or are likely to do so and which thus threaten to give rise to water-related disease;

(m) The effectiveness of systems for the management, development, protection and use of water resources, including the application of recognized good practice to the control of pollution from sources of all kinds;

(n) The frequency of the publication of information on the quality of the drinking water supplied and of other waters relevant to the targets in this paragraph in the intervals between the publication of information under article 7, paragraph 2.

3. Within two years of becoming a Party, each Party shall establish and publish targets referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, and target dates for achieving them.

4. Where a long process of implementation is foreseen for the achievement of a target, intermediate or phased targets shall be set.

5. In order to promote the achievement of the targets referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, the Parties shall each:

(a) Establish national or local arrangements for coordination between their competent authorities;

(b) Develop water-management plans in transboundary, national and/or local contexts, preferably on the basis of catchment areas or groundwater aquifers. In doing so, they shall make appropriate practical and/or other provisions for public participation, within a transparent and fair framework, and shall ensure that due account is taken of the outcome of the public participation. Such plans may be incorporated in other relevant plans, programmes or documents which are being drawn up for other purposes, provided that they enable the public to see clearly the proposals for achieving the targets referred to in this article and the respective target dates;

(c) Establish and maintain a legal and institutional framework for monitoring and enforcing standards for the quality of drinking water;

(d) Establish and maintain arrangements, including, where appropriate, legal and institutional arrangements, for monitoring, promoting the achievement of and, where necessary, enforcing the other standards and levels of performance for which targets referred to in paragraph 2 of this article are set.

Article 7

REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS 1. The Parties shall each collect and evaluate data on:

(a) Their progress towards the achievement of the targets referred to in article 6, paragraph 2;

(b) Indicators that are designed to show how far that progress has contributed towards preventing, controlling or reducing water-related disease.

2. The Parties shall each publish periodically the results of this collection and evaluation of data. The frequency of such publication shall be established by the Meeting of the Parties.

3. The Parties shall each ensure that the results of water and effluent sampling carried out for the purpose of this collection of data are available to the public.

4. On the basis of this collection and evaluation of data, each Party shall review periodically the progress made in achieving the targets referred to in article 6, paragraph 2, and publish an assessment of that progress. The frequency of such reviews shall be established by the Meeting of the Parties. Without prejudice to the possibility of more frequent reviews under article 6, paragraph