Gender Perspectives in the Armed Forces and Military Operations: An uphill battle : Cultural, structural and functional factors that prevent or promote implementation of UNSCR 1325 in the Norwegian Armed Forces and NATO

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© Lena P. Kvarving, 2019

Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo No. 755

ISSN 1564-3991

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission.

Cover: Hanne Baadsgaard Utigard.

Print production: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo.

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UNSCR 1325: Tasks Assigned to the Norwegian Armed Forces through 2014

Incoporate gender perspectives in all aspects of an operation, including analysis, planning, competence, implementation, and evaluation

Increase participation of women in international operations

Continue development of multinational cooperation to strengthen competence, with an emphasis on operations and education, research, and evaluation

Establish a MOT 1325 in Afghanistan, with strong female participation and the distinct responsibility to follow up on the aims of UNSCR1325

Prepare and deploy Gender Advisors nationally and internationally

Recruit and retain women in the Armed Forces

Incorporate gender perspectives in national and international efforts

Incorporate a gender perspective in mandates and hierarchy of documents

Further develop, on the part of the NDUC, competence on gender perspectives and synergy with education, doctrine, research, and operations

Systematically build gender competence among all military personnel

Provide operation-specific training and gender perspectives in exercises

Strengthen local women's security and participation in operations

Develop guidelines for military personnel to respond to sexual and gender-based violence

Develop and implement a pioneering reporting system related to gender and UNSCR 1325

Develop a reward system for leadership performance related to gender and implementation of UNSCR 1325

Integrate gender perspectives in the mentoring and education of security forces

Implement NATO directives related to gender and be an advocate internationally