Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3553–3572, 2017 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/3553/2017/
doi:10.5194/acp-17-3553-2017-supplement
© Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
Supplement of
Methane fluxes in the high northern latitudes for 2005–2013 estimated using a Bayesian atmospheric inversion
Rona L. Thompson et al.
Correspondence to:Rona L. Thompson ([email protected])
The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence.
Table 1. Inversion cost a priori and a posteriori for the three different scenarios shown for 2009 (other years were analogous).
Scenario Cost a priori Cost a posteriori
S1 57737 17531
S2 57278 17378
S3 51472 13352
Table 2. Comparison of the prior and posterior mixing ratios (scenario S1) with observations shown for 2009 (other years were analogous). Note the mean error is calculated as the mean of the prior (or posterior) minus the observed mixing ratio.
Site ID Prior Posterior
R NSD mean error R NSD mean error
ZEP 0.36 0.95 -4.66 0.40 0.89 -3.71
PAL 0.65 1.25 2.29 0.68 1.05 0.51
IGR 0.49 0.34 -81.55 0.67 0.83 -27.93
YAK 0.35 0.68 -6.96 0.68 0.83 -0.83
DEM 0.68 0.78 -33.02 0.75 1.13 -5.89
KRS 0.63 0.64 -38.11 0.82 1.00 -7.11
AZV 0.38 1.39 -20.15 0.42 1.39 -14.21
VGN 0.49 0.89 -13.10 0.74 0.98 -1.94
ZOT 0.55 0.75 -12.26 0.72 1.14 0.54
CHL 0.51 0.70 -4.97 0.74 1.04 -5.90
LLB 0.66 0.21 -68.10 0.80 0.67 -21.48
ETL 0.49 0.29 -24.41 0.74 0.89 -0.64
FSD 0.35 0.71 -13.95 0.57 0.80 -8.97
CHM 0.10 0.64 -10.89 0.35 0.67 -7.55
ESP 0.08 0.44 -5.40 0.20 1.10 -1.20
CBA 0.18 0.42 -6.66 0.54 0.58 -2.09
MHD 0.45 1.25 1.81 0.45 0.93 -0.37
BAL 0.44 0.92 3.89 0.62 0.88 0.20
Figure 1a. Comparison of atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios in winter 2008 – 2009 (left) and in summer 2009 (right). The error bars show the calculated observation uncertainty used in the inversions (observations = black, background = green, S1 prior
= blue, S1 posterior = red). The full site names and details are provided in Table 1.
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
CHL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
KRS
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
BAL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
CBA
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
LLB
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
VGN
01/06 11/06 21/06 01/07 11/07 21/07 31/07 10/08 20/08 30/08 1800
1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
CHL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
KRS
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
BAL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
CBA
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
LLB
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
VGN
01/12 11/12 21/12 31/12 10/01 20/01 30/01 09/02 19/02
Figure 1b. Same as Fig. 1a but for a different set of sites.
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ETL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
MHD
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
FSD
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
CHM
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ESP
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ZOT
01/12 11/12 21/12 31/12 10/01 20/01 30/01 09/02 19/02
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ETL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
MHD
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
FSD
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
CHM
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ESP
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ZOT
01/06 11/06 21/06 01/07 11/07 21/07 31/07 10/08 20/08 30/08
Figure S1c. Same as Fig. 1a but for a different set of sites.
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ZEP
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
TER
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
PAL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
IGR
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
YAK
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
DEM
01/12 11/12 21/12 31/12 10/01 20/01 30/01 09/02 19/02
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
ZEP
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
TER
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
PAL
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
IGR
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
YAK
1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
CH4 (ppb)
DEM
01/06 11/06 21/06 01/07 11/07 21/07 31/07 10/08 20/08 30/08
Figure 2. Calculated uncertainties by site and month (units of ppb) for the transport within the domain (a) and for the background mixing ratios (b).
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
BALTIK MHDCBACHLCDLFSDLLBETL CHMNOYDEMVGNKRSESPZEPTERZOTYAKAZVPALIGR b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
uncertainty (ppb)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
BALTIK CBA MHDCHLCDLFSDLLBETL CHMNOYDEMVGNKRSESPZEPTERZOTYAKAZVPALIGR a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
uncertainty (ppb)
Figure 3. Distribution of the observation-model CH4 mixing ratio mismatches a priori (blue) and a posteriori (red). Also shown are the assumed observation uncertainty distributions (grey).
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
2 4 6 8 10
12 CHL
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
10 20 30 40 50
60 LLB
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
20 40
60 ETL
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
10 20 30 40
50 FSD
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
10 20 30
40 CHM
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
20 40 60
80 ESP
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
2 4 6 8 10 12
14 CBA
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
10 20 30 40
50 MHD
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
5 10 15
BAL
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
20 40 60
80 ZEP
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
20 40 60 80 PAL
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
5 10 15 20 25
30 IGR
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
2 4 6 8 10
12 YAK
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
5 10 15 20 25 30
35 DEM
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
10 20 30
40 KRS
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 AZV
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
10 20 30
VGN
−200 −100 0 100 200 0
10 20 30
40 ZOT
obs - model (ppb)
Figure 4. Temporal distribution of atmospheric observations (number of observations per month).
ZEP TIK TER PAL NOY IGR YAK ZOT DEM CHL KRS BAL CBA LLB AZV VGN ETL CDL MHD FSD CHM
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Year
<2 2 − 4 5 − 8 9 − 30
>30
Figure 5. Correlation of CH4 fluxes with different environmental parameters for 2005 to 2013. Shown are the correlations with soil temperature (a), soil water volume (b), precipitation (c) and snow depth (d). (Note white means no significant correlation).
−1.0
−0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Correlation
−1.0
−0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Correlation
