Pål Sletten and Louay H. Rashid
Comparison of Iraqi
labour force statistics
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Pål Sletten and Louay H. Rashid
Comparison of Iraqi labour force statistics
Fafo-paper 2005:17
© Fafo 2005
ISSN 0804-5135
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Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Labour force statistics in Iraq... 5
2 Questionnaire Design ... 6
Census and the Labour force surveys ...6
ILCS ...6
3 Definitions used for the key indicators... 8
The Labour force surveys...8
ILCS ...8
4 Conclusions... 10
References ... 12
Annex A: ILCS questionnaire, Labour force module ...13
Annex B: Questionnaire, Labour force survey October 2003...14
Annex C: Questionnaire, Labour force survey July 2004 ...15
About the authors
Pål Sletten is a researcher at Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies, Oslo.
[email protected]
Louay H. Rashid is tha Director General for technical affairs, Central Organisation for
Statistics and Information Technologies, Baghdad
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1 Labour force statistics in Iraq
The Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (COSIT), formerly the Central Statistical Office, has produced four main sources for statistics on the Iraqi labour market:
• The 1997 Census
• The Labour force survey, October 2003 round
• The Iraq Living Conditions Survey (ILCS) April/May 2004
• The Labour force survey, July 2004 round
All of these produce a range of labour market data; unfortunately, they give different results. In particular, two of the key indicators, the unemployment rate and the labour force participation rate, diverge. The table below shows the results produced by the four different studies, as well as their definition of working age population (defined as those above 15 years of age in all four studies) and geographic coverage (ILCS is the only study covering the three Kurdish Governorates).
Table 1: Iraqi Labour force statistics
Working age population Governorates Activity rate Unemployment rate
Census 1997 15+ 15 43.6 13.6
Labour force survey October 2003 15+ 15 44.1 28.1
ILCS April/May 2004 15+ 18 41.4 10.5
Labour force survey July 2004 15+ 15 48.5 26.8
Both Labour force surveys and ILCS were carried out in the second half of 2003 and the first half of 2004, and while the Labour force surveys find unemployment rates of 28.1 per cent (October 2003) and 26.8 per cent (July 2004), ILCS finds it to be 10.5 per cent (April/May 2004).
Although employment conditions may have varied during this period, it seems likely
that the differences between the surveys are primarily due to measurement. (The unem-
ployment rate found by ILCS in the three Kurdish Governorates is similar to what is
found in the rest of the country, so the differences are not caused by the extended cov-
erage of ILCS.) As will be discussed below, most of the differences can be explained by
different definitions of unemployment, and the remainder is probably due to a different
sequencing of questions on ILCS and in the two labour force surveys. We will first de-
scribe the questionnaires, then the definitions, and then conclude. The questionnaires
are found in the annexes.
2 Questionnaire Design
The 1997 Census and the Labour force surveys used similar questionnaire designs for measuring economic activity and unemployment, while ILCS used a different structure.
We here present an overview of the questionnaires, with detailed descriptions of those questions used to classify a person as employed, unemployed, or inactive. The relevant sections of the questionnaires are presented in Annex A.
Census and the Labour force surveys
The October 2003 Labour force survey had a total of 43 questions, including questions on demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Questions 8 and 10 are used for classification. The July 2004 Labour force survey as well as the 1977 Census used similar questions for labour market classification. Note that the July 2004 Labour force survey only had 16 questions in total.
8: Question about labour market status. (“During the last seven days what’s the working status for the (person)?” Answers: 1 – Work; 2 – Unemployed looking for job (never worked before); 3 – Unemployed looking for job (worked before); 4 – Home maker with part time work; 5 – Unemployed isn’t looking for work; 6 – Student doesn’t have anything to do; 7 – Domestic work only; 8 – Retired and work; 9 – Retired and looking for work; 10 – Retired and isn’t looking for work; 11 – Absent from work; 12 – Don’t work due to handicap; 13 – Other.
10: Question about the number of hours worked the last seven days
ILCS
ILCS is a multi-topic survey with a section on labour market activities. Demographic and other socio-economic data are collected in other sections of the questionnaire, and the 37 labour market questions (lf01-lf37) only cover labour market activities. The re- spondent is answering on behalf of all household members. The following questions are used for classification:
lf01-lf03: Questions about work, including self-employment and work on family farm during the reference period. (“During the past week (last 7 days), did … work for wages or any payment in kind, even if only for one hour…” etc.)
lf04: Question about temporary absence. (“Did… have a job or a business from
which (s)he was temporarily absent…”)
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lf05-lf06: Questions about availability and the desire to work. (“Did … want to work?” “If a job had been available…”)
lf07-lf08: Questions about job search. (“By what means did … look for work during the last 4 weeks?” For how long time has … been actively looking for work?”)
lf09: Question about the reason for not looking for work. (“What was the main rea-
son why … did not want to/ was not able to/…”)
3 Definitions used for the key indicators
The Labour force surveys
The Labour force surveys classify a person above 15 years of age as employed, unem- ployed, or inactive according to the answers given to questions 8 and 10.
A person who answered 1, 4, 8, or 11 to question 8 and worked more than 15 hours the last seven days, is classified as employed.
A person who answered 2, 3 or 5 to question 8 is classified as unemployed.
A person who answered 1, 4, 8, or 11 to question 8 and worked less than 15 hours the last seven days, is classified as unemployed.
A person is economically inactive if (s)he is neither employed nor unemployed.
ILCS
ILCS classifies a person above 15 years of age as employed, unemployed, or inactive according to the answers given to questions lf01-lf09:
A person is classified as employed if (s)he either worked for at least one hour during the seven days preceding the interview, or was temporary absent from work (due to e.g.
illness, holidays, or maternity leave). This is the case if the person:
• answered yes to any one of questions lf01-lf03 or
• answered that (s)he was temporary absent from work due to illness, holidays, tempo- rary layoff, because the work place was closed due to war damages, or because the work place was inaccessible because of UXOs/mines (question lf04).
A person is classified as unemployed if (s)he did not work at least one hour during the reference period, was not temporary absent from work, and was actively seeking work.
This is the case if the person:
• answered no to all questions lf01-lf03 (i.e. did not work); answered 4, 5, 6, or 9 to
question lf04 (i.e. was not temporarily absent from work); and answered yes to ques-
tion lf05 (i.e. wanted to work last week) and either
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• answered yes to question lf06 (i.e. was available for work) and did search for work (question lf07) or did not search for work (question lf07) because (s)he had al- ready contracted work but had not yet started (question lf09); or
• answered no to question lf06 (i.e. was available for work) because (s)he had al- ready contracted work but had not yet started (question lf09); or
• answered no to all questions lf01-lf03 (i.e. did not work); answered 4, 5, 6, or 9 to question lf04 (i.e. was not temporarily absent from work); and answered no to ques- tion lf05 (i.e. wanted to work last week) because (s)he had already contracted work but had not yet started (question lf09).
A person is economically inactive if (s)he is neither employed nor unemployed.
4 Conclusions
In the table below, we have recalculated the ILCS labour force participation rate and unemployment rate, with different definitions of unemployment. The ILCS definitions are close to the standard ILO definitions of employment, unemployment, and inactivity, and we recalculate using (i) the ILO relaxed definition of unemployment, and (ii) a defi- nition as close as possible to the definition used in the Labour force surveys (LFS definition); i.e. including both discouraged workers and all persons working less than 15 hours per week. Using the LFS definition, ILCS finds a labour force participation rate of 44.9 per cent (slightly higher than the Labour force survey, October round, and 3.6 per- centage points lower than the July round), and an unemployment rate of 22.5 per cent (5.6 percentage points lower than the Labour force survey, October round and 4.3 per- centage points lower than the July round). In other words: The differences can to a large extent be explained by different definitions of unemployment in ILCS and in the La- bour force surveys.
Furthermore, it is reasonable to assume that much of the remaining difference is due to a different sequencing of questions on ILCS and in the two labour force surveys.
While ILCS asks respondents about their activities during the reference period, the La- bour force surveys ask them to classify themselves as employed, unemployed, or inac- tive. The latter approach may lead to higher measured unemployment, as persons who worked more than 15 hours may still report themselves as unemployed, if the work is irregular, wages are low, there is a skill mismatch, or for other reasons. It is unlikely that the opposite happens, i.e. that a person reporting to be employed in the Labour force survey (and working more than 15 hours) is classified as unemployed in ILCS.
Table 2: Comparable definitions of unemployment
Working age population Governorates Activity rate Unemployment rate
Census 1997 15+ 15 43.6 13.6
Labour force survey October 2003 15+ 15 44.1 28.1
ILCS April/May 2004 15+ 18 41.4
(44.9*/44.9**)
10.5 (18.4* / 22.5**)
Labour force survey July 2004 15+ 15 48.5 26.8
*ILO relaxed definition of unemployment / **LFS definition of unemployment
To sum up: The findings of the three surveys appear to be consistent, and the re-
ported differences in labour force participation and unemployment rates may be ex-
plained by different definitions used, and different sequencing of questions. The Labour
force surveys correspond to what was used in previous years, and makes comparisons
with the 1997 possible. ILCS is closer to the ILO standards, which are gradually being
implemented in other statistical bureaus in the region, and makes international compari-
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sons possible. The COSIT is in the process of designing a new questionnaire for use in
future rounds of the Labour force survey. This will be different from the questionnaires
used for the ILCS and the Labour force surveys, but will be closer to ILCS.
References
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (2004): Labor Force Sur- vey 2003. Baghdad: COSIT
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (2005): Iraq Living Con- ditions Survey 2004. Volume II: Analytical Report. Baghdad: COSIT
Hussmanns, R. Farhad Mehran, and Vijay Verma (1990): Surveys of economically active popu-
lation, employment, unemployment and underemployment: An ILO manual on concepts and
methods. Geneva: International Labour Office.
Now I would like to ask some questions about the employment of people in your household
WORK STATUS NOT WORKING PAST WEEK
# of person
LF00 Inter-viewer check Error!
Reference source not found.:
Is .... 6 years old or more?
1 Yes 2 No ➨ Next person
LF01 During the past week (last 7 days), did . . . work for wages or any payment in kind, even if only for one hour?
1 Yes ➨ LF12 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
LF02 During the past week, did …. make any money – including payment in kind – from self-
employment?
Give examples 1 Yes ➨ LF12 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
LF03
During the past week, did . . . work for an enterprise or crop production belonging to a member of the household, even if not paid or for own consumption?
1 Yes ➨ LF12 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
LF interviewer check:
Interviewer check HR07:
Is .... below 10 years?
1 Yes ➨next person 2 No
LF04
Did . . . have a job or business from which (s)he was temporarily absent last week?
1 Yes, due to illness ➨ LF12 2 Yes, due to holidays ➨ LF12 3 Yes, due to temporary layoff
➨ LF12
4 Yes, due to studies /training with pay ➨ LF12
5 Yes, due to maternity leave with pay ➨ LF12
6 Yes, former soldier of the Iraqi army receiving money monthly
➨ LF12
7 Yes, work place closed due to war damages
8 Yes, unable to access work due to UXOs/mines
9 No 98 DK 99 NA
LF05 Did . . . want to work last week?
1 Yes 2 No ➨ LF09 8 DK ➨ LF09 9 NA ➨ LF09
LF06
If a job had been available during the last week or will be available the coming two weeks, would …. have been able to start working?
1 Yes 2 No ➨ LF09 8 DK ➨ LF09 9 NA ➨ LF09
1 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2
|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 2 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 3 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 4 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 5 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 6 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 7 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 8 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 9 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 10 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 11 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 12 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 13 1 2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2|__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9NOT WORKING PAST WEEK CONT’D
Annex A:
ILCS questionnaire, Labour force module
# of person
LF07
By what means did … look for work during the last 4 weeks?
Circle all that apply 1 Asked friends/relatives 2 Applied directly to employer(s) 3 Registered at labour office 4 Newspaper advertisement 5 Tried to start own business 6 Tried to find work abroad 7 Contacted NGOs
8 Contacted the Coalition forces/the CPA 9 Contacted the Provisional Governing Council 10 Contacted the local government
11 Contacted the Iraqi army 12 Other means (specify) 13 Did not look for work ➨ LF09 98 DK
99 NA
LF08
For how long time has .... been actively looking for work?
For all ➨ LF10 years months
LF09
What was the main reason why . . . did not want to/ was not able to/
was not looking for work last week?
1 Contracted, not started work yet
2 No jobs available – lost hope of finding a job 3 Student
4 Housewife/ Domestic work 5 Had independent means 6 Disabled or sick 7 Retired/pensioner 8 Parents/husband disagree/social restrictions 9 Other reasons (specify) 98 DK
99 NA
LF10
During the last week of December 2002, did . . . . do any of the following:
1 work for payment in cash or in kind, even if only for one hour?
2 make any money or receive any payment in kind from self- employment?
3 work for an enterprise or crop production belonging to a member of the household, even if not paid or for own consumption?
4 Was temporarily absent from any such work?
1 Yes ➨ LF28 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
LF11
Has . . . ever worked before at a job or business?
Do not ask if obvious 1 Yes➨Next person 2 No ➨ Next person 8 DK ➨ Next person 9 NA ➨ Next person
For all ➨ Next person
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 31 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 51 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 61 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 81 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 91 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 121 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 131 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 98 99
|___|___| |___|___||__|__|
1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9LF17
What is …’s income from the main job last week?
# of person
LF12
For main or most important job:
What type of business or organization is . . . . ‘s employer?
Give examples.
Write down type of business, or main product or services.
Note if business is wholesale trade, retail trade, manufacturing, or services)
Boxes for post-coding
LF13
What kind of work is . . . doing on this job?
Write down (a) job title and (b) most important duties
Boxes for post-coding
LF14
For whom does
…. work?
1 Government company 2 The CPA/ The Provisional Governing Council/
The local government 3 Private company or business 4Cooperative 5 Joint sector 6 Iraqi army 7 Family business 8 NGO 9 A private household 10 Other (specify) 98 DK
99 NA
LF15
In this current job, what is . . .'s employment status?
Is (s)he . . . 1 A paid employee (receiving a wage or salary)
2 Paid employee in family business 3 An employer (with paid workers other than family members) 4 Self-employed (or employs only family members)
5 Unpaid worker in a family farm or business 6 Trainee/ work without pay
8 DK 9 NA
LF16
In this main job, what was ….’s total working hours last week?
998 DK 999 NA
No. of hours
999998=DK 999999=NA
Amount
1= Iraqi Dinars ('000) 2= Swiss Iraqi Dinars 3= Dollars
Currency 1
|___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 |___|___|___||__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
2
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
3
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
4
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
5
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
6
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
7
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
8
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
9
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
10
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
11
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
12
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
13
|___|___|___|
(a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b) _________________________________
|__|__|
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9|___|___|___|
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
MAIN JOB
MAIN JOB CONT’D UNDEREMPLOYMENT
# of person
LF18 How many people are employed in the business / enterprise / organisation / institution where ….
works (in this main job)?
9998 DK 9999 NA
Number of persons
LF19
In addition to this job, how many, if any, additional job(s), either full- time or part-time, did …. have last week?
‘Job’ includes work in a family business or in own self-employed business.
7 = 7 or more jobs 8 DK
9 NA
LF20
How many hours did . . . work the past week (last 7 days) in all jobs?
Include overtime and hours worked for a job at home or household farm, etc.
000 Did not work 998 DK 999 NA Hours worked
LF21 During the past week (last 7 days) did … want to work more hours?
1 Yes 2 No ➨ LF25 8 DK ➨ LF25 9 NA ➨ LF25
LF22
What is the main reason or reasons that
…. is not working as much as (s)he wants?
Circle all that apply
1 Lack of available work
2 Not allowed or not permitted by employer 3 Salaries and working conditions in other jobs are not good enough
4 Home duties/housework, look after children or similar
5 Illness or disability
6 Parents/husband disagree/social restrictions 7 No work permit
8 Other (specify) 98 DK 99 NA
LF23
Was … available for more work during the past week (last 7 days) or will … be available for more work in the next two weeks ?
1 Yes 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
LF24 In the past 4 weeks, did ..
actively seek more work?
1 Yes 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
1
|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 2|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 3|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 4|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 5|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 6|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 7|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 8|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 9|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 10|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 11|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 12|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 13|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 14|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 15|__|__|__|__|
|___| |___|___|___| 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9EMPLOYMENT LAST WEEK OF DECEMBER 2002 (apply to whole section)
# of person
LF25
During the last week of December 2002 , did . . . . do any of the following:
1 work for payment in cash or in kind, even if only for one hour?
2 make any money or receive any payment in kind from self- employment?
3 work for an enterprise or crop production belonging to a member of the household, even if not paid or for own consumption?
4 Was temporarily absent from any such work
1 Yes 2 No ➨ LF33
8 DK ➨ LF33 9 NA ➨ LF33
LF26 Was the main job the last week of December 2002 the same as the main job last week?
1 Yes ➨ LF31 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
LF27
Why has … changed his/her main job?
1 Was fired
2 Did not want to do the previous job
3 The working conditions 4 Transportation problems 5 The previous job did not give sufficient wages 6 Wages were no longer paid 7 The job disappeared after the war (in 2003) 8 Other (specify) 98 DK 99 NA
LF28
During the last week of December 2002, for main or most important job:
What type of business or organization was . . . . ‘s employer?
Give examples
Write down type of business, or main product or services. Note if business is wholesale trade, retail trade, manufacturing, or services)
Boxes for post-coding LF29
During the last week of December 2002, what kind of work was . . . doing on this job?
Write down (a) job title and (b) most important duties
Boxes for post-coding
1 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
2 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
3 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
4 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
5 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
6 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
7 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
8 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
9 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
10 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)____________________________________
11 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
12 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
13 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98 99 |___|___|___| (a) _____________________ |___|___|___|
(b)_____________________________________
EMPLOYMENT SAME PERIOD ONE YEAR AGO CONT’D
LF31
During the two last weeks of December 2002, what was …’s usual two weeks’
income during this season from this main job?
# of person|
LF30
During the last week of December 2002, for whom did …. work?
1 Government company
2 The CPA/the Provisional Governing Council/
the local government 3 Private company or business 4 Cooperative
5 Joint sector 6 Iraqi army 7 Family business 8 NGO
9 A private household 10 Other (specify) 98 DK
99 NA
999998=DK 999999=NA
Amount
1= Iraqi Dinars ('000) 2= Swiss Iraqi Dinars 3= Dollars
Currency
LF32
How old was […] when (s)he started working for the first time?
98 DK 99 NA
Age in years:
LF33
Interviewer check Error!
Reference source not found.: Is […] 6-17 years of age?
1 Yes
2 No ➨ Next person
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 210 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 211 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 212 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 213 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 214 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 215 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98 99
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__| |__|
|___|___| 1 2CHILD LABOUR (6-17)
# of person
LF34
Does […] work under the supervision of a member of the household, or under the supervision of an employer, or does […]
work without supervision?
1 Household member 2 Employer 3 Other person 4 No supervision 8 DK 9 NA
LF35
Does […] work together with a close household member?
1 Yes 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
LF36
Was […] often, sometimes or never absent from school because of work last 12 months?
1 Often 2 Sometimes 3 Never
4 Not applicable (was not enrolled) 8 DK
9 NA
LF37
Did […] have any accident or illness related to work last 12 months?
1 Yes 2 No 8 DK 9 NA
1 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
2 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
3 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
4 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
6 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
7 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
8 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
10 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
11 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
12 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
13 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
14 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
15 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9 1 2 3 4 8 9 1 2 8 9
Annex B:
Questionnaire, Labour force survey October 2003
Annex C:
Questionnaire, Labour force survey July 2004
P.O.Box 2947 Tøyen N-0608 Oslo
http://www.fafo.no/english/
Comparison of Iraqi labour force statistics
Fafo-paper 2005:17 Order nr.: 776 ISSN 0804-5135