DIPLOMA PROGRAM FALL 2017

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DIPLOMA PROGRAM FALL 2017

Diploma candidate: Øivind Haaland

Institute: FTH

Main supervisor: Beate Hølmebakk

Second supervisor:

External supervisor:

Company cooperation:

Title of project:

Prtoton Theraphy centre in Oslo

The​​miracles​​of​​science Proton​​therapy​​​​centre​​in​​Oslo

Diploma​​2017 Øivind​​Haaland

Institute:Fth

Supervisor:​​Beate​​Hølmebakk

Contents

1:Introduction 2:Thesis 3:Site

4:Programme

5:Submitted​​material 6:Schedule

7:Reference​​projects 8:References

01​​Introduction

Proton​​therapy​​is​​a​​form​​of​​radiation​​therapy​​used​​to​​treat​​cancer.

Radiation​​therapy​​threats​​cancer​​by​​irradiating​​cancer​​cells,​​and​​thereby​​destroying​​their​​DNA and​​disabling​​them​​from​​reproducing.​​​^Cancerous​​cells​​are​​particularly​​vulnerable​​to​​attacks​​on DNA​​because​​of​​their​​high​​rate​​of​​division​​and​​their​​reduced​​abilities​​to​​repair​​DNA​​damage.

Conventional​​radiation​​therapy​​utilizes​​photons​​or​​x-​​rays​​which​​gives​​the​​highest​​dose​​of energy​​at​​the​​skin​​and​​then​​falls​​slowly​​irradiating​​both​​the​​tumor​​and​​the​​healthy​​tissue​​before and​​after.​​The​​irradiation​​of​​healthy​​tissue​​cause​​both​​short​​term​​problems,​​and​​can​​lead​​to cancer​​in​​the​​healthy​​irradiated​​tissue.

Proton​​therapy​​utilises​​an​​effect​​called​​​​the​​bragg​​peak,​​The​​energy​​delivered​​to​​the​​tissue​​in front​​of​​the​​tumour​​is​​relatively​​low,​​peaks​​in​​the​​area​​of​​the​​tumor,​​and​​drops​​to​​near​​zero​​after- thereby​​minimizing​​the​​irradiation​​delivered​​to​​healthy​​tissue,​​giving​​less​​side​​effects,​​and lessens​​the​​risk​​of​​cancer​​in​​irradiated​​tissue.

Because​​of​​the​​minimized​​side​​effects​​the​​treatment​​is​​especially​​suited​​for​​children​​expected​​to live​​for​​a​​long​​time​​after​​the​​treatment,​​and​​adults​​with​​certain​​brain​​tumors​​with​​critical​​organs nearby.

Diagram​​^showing​​^the​​distribution​​^of​​^energy​​^from​​^proton​​^vs​​conventional​​radiotherapy​​ⁱⁿ​​^an human​​^brain.

Diagram​​^showing​​^the​​^bragg​​^peak​​^making​​^it​​^possible​​^to​​^control​​^the​​distribution​​^of​​^energy​​^with protons.

Stortinget​​has​​decided​​to​​build​​two​​proton​​centres​​in​​Norway​​by​​2022,​​one​​in​​Oslo​​and​​one​​in Bergen.​​Several​​rapports​​have​​been​​made​​concerning​​the​​development​​of​​proton​​centers​​in norway.

My​​work​​will​​relate​​to​​two​​rapports​​from​​helse​​sørøst:

Idefaserapport​​for​​etablering​​av​​protonsenter​​i​​helse​​sørøst​​ved​​oslo​​universitetssykehus​​2014 Konseptfase,​​etablering​​av​​protonbehandling​​helse​​sørøst​​2016

In​​2016​​there​​were​​77​​proton​​centers​​in​​the​​world.​​The​​closest​​to​​Oslo​​is​​Skandionkliniken​​in Uppsala​​Sweden.​​In​​2015​​norway​​sent​​about​​50​​patients​​abroad​​.​​It​​has​​been​​estimated​​that about​​10%​​of​​patients​​receiving​​radiation​​therapy​​in​​norway​​can​​benefit​​from​​proton​​therapy, meaning​​1500​​patients​​a​​year.

The​​patients​​undergoing​​therapy​​is​​in​​relatively​​good​​health,​​though​​the​​treatment​​can​​be debilitating.​​They​​spend​​two​​to​​three​​weeks​​in​​daily​​treatment.

Proton​​therapy​​was​​a​​direct​​offshoot​​of​​the​​Manhattan​​project,​​​​​​the​​first​​proton​​treatments​​were performed​​with​​particle​​accelerators​​built​​for​​physics​​research,​​in​​Berkeley​​California​​​​1954​​and​​at Uppsala​​in​​Sweden​​in​​1957.​​The​​world's​​first​​hospital-based​​proton​​therapy​​center​​was​​a​​low​​energy cyclotron​​centre​​for​​ocular​​tumours​​at​​the​​Clatterbridge​​Centre​​for​​Oncology​​in​​the​​UK,​​opened​​in 1989.

Proton​​Therapy​​involves​​complex​​machines​​and​​cutting​​edge​​science.​​Because​​of​​​​the​​radiation danger,​​the​​inner​​workings​​are​​shielded​​with​​thick​​concrete​​walls,​​and​​are​​usually​​not​​expressed architecturally.

02​​Thesis

1:How​​to​​express​​science​​and​​technique​​through​​architecture 2:How​​to​​express​​things​​that​​can​​not​​be​​experienced​​directly

3:How​​to​​balance​​the​​fetishication​​of​​technique​​with​​the​​vulnerability​​of​​the​​patients,​​between science​​and​​care

The​​proton​​centers​​popping​​up​​all​​over​​the​​world​​today​​don’t​​technique,​​they​​look​​like​​generic hotels​​which​​is​​totally​​alienated​​from​​the​​purpose​​of​​the​​building.​​The​​heart​​of​​the​​building,​​the amazing​​machines,​​​​can​​not​​be​​experienced​​directly​​as​​there​​are​​big​​dangers​​of​​radiation.

Skandionklinikken,​​^a​​^proton​​^center​​ⁱⁿ​​^Uppsala​​^with​​^it’s​​^generic​​^hotel​​^quality.

​​03:Site

Three​​sites​​has​​been​​proposed​​for​​the​​proton​​therapy​​facility​​in​​Oslo,​​Radiumhospitalet, Rikshospitalet​​and​​Ullevål.

I’ve​​chosen​​the​​site​​at​​Ullevåll​​as​​it's​​a​​highly​​urban​​setting​​that​​allows​​for​​a​​freestanding building.​​The​​existing​​buildings​​range​​from​​1917​​to​​the​​Cancer​​centre​​finished​​in​​2009

neighbouring​​the​​site​​.​​In​​june​​2016​​it​​was​​decided​​that​​Ullevål​​is​​to​​be​​closed​​down​​by​​2030,​​I presuppose​​that​​supporting​​programs​​will​​continue​​to​​be​​taken​​care​​of​​externally.

The​​^site​​^at​​^Ullevål​​ⁱⁿ​​^red.

Site​​^with​​alternative​​^placements​​ⁱⁿ​​^dashed,​​^and​​^a​​^plan​​^of​​^the​​^existing​​^cancer​​^facility

​​04​​Programme

Cf​​Møller​​has​​made​​a​​detailed​​room​​programme​​for​​a​​proton​​centre​​at​​Ullevål​​which​​i​​will​​relate my​​diploma​​to.​​The​​programme​​is​​4000m2​​in​​total,​​with​​1700​​m2​​being​​the​​equipment​​in​​itself.

This​​programme​​relies​​on​​a​​lot​​support​​functions​​from​​the​​existing​​Ullevål​​sykehus.​​A​​stand alone​​unit​​not​​relying​​on​​the​​hospital​​would​​need​​an​​additional​​4000m2.

5​​Submitted​​material

Drawings​​in​​1/1000,​​1/50,​​and​​1/5 Situation​​model​​in​​1/500

Presentation​​model​​1/100

​​6​​Schedule 1:site​​model

2:Programme​​studies 3:Room​​studies 4:preliminary​​projekt And​​so​​on

7​​reference​​Projects

Ludwig​​^Leo:​​Circulation​​^tank​​¹⁹⁷⁴

The​​circulation​​tank​​in​​Berlin​​by​​Ludwig​​Leo​​makes​​the​​technique​​the​​main​​expression​​of​​the building

Skandionklinikken​​^Link​​^arkitektur​​²⁰¹⁴

Is​​it​​an​​apartment​​complex,​​is​​it​​an​​office​​block?​​no,​​it’s​​a​​proton​​centre.​​The​​technique​​is expressed​​neither​​outside​​or​​within​​this​​building.

Lascaux​​^Caves​​^Visitors​​^Centre,​​^Snøhetta​​²⁰¹⁶

The​​20000​​years​​old​​Lascaux​​caves​​in​​france​​has​​been​​closed​​to​​visitors​​since​​1963

because​​the​​wear​​and​​tear​​was​​threatening​​the​​integrity​​of​​the​​cave​​paintings.​​A​​simulation, complete​​with​​wheelchair​​accessibility​​and​​for​​some​​reason​​backlighting,​​opened​​nearby​​in 2016.

Wedding​​reception​​at​​the​​Parthenon,​​Nashville​​Tennessee.

A​​full​​scale​​replica​​of​​the​​Parthenon​​built​​in​​1897​​for​​the​​Tennessee​​centennial​​exhibition.

Iñigo​​Manglano-Ovalle,​​^Phantom​​^truck,​​²⁰⁰⁸

A​​full​​scale​​model​​of​​the​​mobile​​chemical​​weapons​​plants​​shown​​by​​colin​​powell​​to​​the​​UN​​at​​the outset​​of​​the​​iraq​​war,

8​​references

Idefaserapport​​for​​etablering​​av​​protonsenter​​i​​helse​​sørøst​​ved​​oslo​​universitetssykehus​​2014 Konseptfase,​​etablering​​av​​protonbehandling​​helse​​sørøst​​2016

Donogoo​​tonka​​or​​the​​miracles​​of​​science.​​A​​cinematic​​tale,​​Jules​​Romains​​1920 Art​​in​​the​​age​​of​​reproduction,​​Walter​​Benjamin,​​1936

Jean​​Boudrillard,​​Simulations,​​1984

The​​plot​​of​​Donogoo​​Tonka​​or​​the​​miracles​​of​​science​​concerns​​a​​famous​​geographer​​whose academic​​career​​is​​about​​to​​be​​derailed​​by​​the​​revelation​​that​​he​​has​​invented​​a​​city​​in​​South America.​​Through​​a​​sequence​​of​​events,​​a​​suicidal​​young​​man​​finds​​a​​new​​mission​​in​​life​​by undertaking​​to​​found​​the​​fictional​​city,​​thereby​​redeeming​​the​​error​​and​​reputation​​of​​the absentminded​​professor,​​only​​to​​find​​it’s​​already​​been​​founded.

Fictional​​^diagram​​^of​​^Proton​​^theraphy,​​^author​​^unknown