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Plant biofortification with iodine

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(1)

Plant biofortification with iodine

(2)

Iodine in plants

High

Low

(3)

Iodine in algae

(4)

First iodine fortified crops in supermarkets

(5)

Spinach biofortification

1µM IO3-, 10 µM I- is taken up and reaches a concentration in leaves up to

300 µg/100g p.f. (Zhu et al., 2003)

(6)

Spinach biofortification

…but reduction of biomass due to phytotoxicity (Zhu et al., 2003)

(7)

Iodine biofortification in rice

“IODINATION OF IRRIGATION WATER AS A METHOD OF SUPPLYING IODINE TO A SEVERELY IODINE-DEFICIENT POPULATION IN XINJIANG, CHINA”

(Lancet, 1994, 344: 107-110)

5% potassium iodate solution for 12 or 24 days, increased soil iodine 3-fold, and crop and

animal iodine 2-fold

(8)

Rice biofortification

Iodate and iodide effects on iodine uptake and partitioning in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in solution culture. Mackowiak CL, Grossl PR. Plant Soil. 1999;212(2):135-43.

None of the treatments provided sufficient I in the seed to meet human dietary requirements: lack of

trasport through the phloem?

(9)

Xilematic or phloematic trasport of iodine?

M Landini, S Gonzali, and P Perata Iodine biofortification in tomato. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2011

…both

(10)

..but preferential xilematic transport

M Landini, S Gonzali, and P Perata Iodine biofortification in tomato. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2011

(11)

Iodine physiology in plants?

Iodine

(12)

Iodine uptake in the thyroid cell

(13)

Metabolic engineering: hNIS in Arabidopsis

Increased radioactive iodine content in the hNIS plants

(14)

Metabolic engineering: hNIS in Arabidopsis

hNIS plants do not accumulate more iodine when fed with discrete amounts of non-radioactive iodine

(15)

Iodine uptake and volatilization?

Iodine

CH

3

I

Methyltransferases

capable of catalyzing the S- adenosyl-L-methionine

(SAM)-dependent

methylation of iodide (I−) to produce methyl halides

HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER (HOL)

(16)

HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER (HOL) mutant in Arabidopsis

Increased iodine content in the hol-1 mutant plants

(17)

HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER (HOL) mutant in Arabidopsis

More efficient iodine distribution in the hol-1 mutant plants

(18)

HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER (HOL) mutant in Arabidopsis

The hol-1 mutant displays higher iodine content

(19)

HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER (HOL) gene is induced by the increased iodine uptake in NIS transgenic Arabidopsis

Induction of HOL1 couteracts the increased

iodine uptake in NIS plants

(20)

Increased iodine uptake in NISxhol1 plants

The cross between hNIS and hol-1 plants is more efficient in iodine uptake

(21)

Increased iodine uptake in NISxhol1 plants

The cross between hNIS and hol-1 plants is more efficient in iodine uptake

(22)

Iodine physiology in plants

Iodine

CH

3

I

UPTAKE

VOLATILIZATION

(23)

Iodine physiology in plants

…about 1 percent of atmospheric methyl bromide and 5 percent of methyl iodide arise from rice fields worldwide.

(24)

Iodine biofortification in plants

Iodine volatilization as CH

3

I plays a

major role in reducing iodine content in plants

Selection of crops with low HOL-1 like activities can provide an effective

method for iodine biofortification

programmes

(25)

www.plantlab.sssup.it

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