Politikk, planlegging og partnerskap PAD3001/2

The analysis demonstrates that people realising placemaking in Oslo can be categorised in three groups: top-down public sector actors, bottom-up grassroots actors and

The argument of the article is twofold: First, that the perceptual shift of roya from being ‘ calm ’ to becoming ‘ wild ’ involved both top-down and bottom-up processes; and,

The framework is the result of a ‘top-down meets bottom-up’ approach, where key principles from the adaptive governance theory is combined with evaluation indicators identified

Top-down security requirements Bottom-up assessment Additional security Protect integrity of stored data No protection against physical access Use security module/PFS Prevent

integration, retrieval or unification, all reflect a top-down context-sensitive unification of word meaning. They do not believe that N400 reflects bottom-up syntax driven

For at denne skal være bærekraftig må det utvikles eierskap til den både oppover og nedover i systemene, såkalt endogen (bottom-up) utvikling kombinert med eksogen (top-down)

The main challenges found are data uncertainty, reliability, and quality, the gap between top-down (downscaled national level statistical data) and bottom-up (local or even real-

HCHO mixing ratio profiles from the DC-8 aircraft (blue) and GEOS-Chem with the bottom-up inventory (red dotted line; Model bot ) and top-down estimates (red solid line; Model top